scholarly journals The Concepts of Aggressive Information Impact through the Lens of Internet Users’ Worldview Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1660-1673
Author(s):  
Elena I. Galyashina ◽  
◽  
Vladimir D. Nikishin
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Information Law ◽  
Actus Reus ◽  
Information Products ◽  
Communication Activity ◽  
Speech Science ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Linguistic Approach

This article is devoted to the forensic analysis of the factors (cyberthreats) determining a negative information impact on recipients’ worldview in the Internet environment (changes in values, emotional perceptions, and expressions of will, etc.). Findings are founded on the concepts of deviant and delinquent speech behavior, the authors also outline definitions of criminogenic, aggressive, destructive, harmful, conflictogenic, and discrediting (defamatory) information and define the semantic field ‘destructiveness of information impact’. The research is based on an interdisciplinary legal and linguistic approach and uses methodology of information law (cyberlaw) and forensic speech science (forensic linguistics) for integral examination of aggressive information products (that are threatening worldview security of Internet communication) in several ways: 1) as speech actions related to law violations (verbal components that reflect actus reus of crimes, administrative offences, and civil torts); 2) as a result of communication activity; 3) as a source of forensically valuable information. The article covers such worldview security threats as defamation; libel; insult; propaganda of drugs, pornography, gambling, violence and cruelty, murder, autodestructiveness (including suicide), extremism (including terrorism); cyberbullicide; cybersuicide; cybergrooming; sexting; sex blackmail; doxing; outing; faking; astroturfing; cybertrolling; flaming; cyberbullying; cybermobbing; harassment; impersonation; exclusion (ostracism); stigmatization; cyberstalking; threats; hating; ‘happy slapping’, etc. The authors formulated the list of offenses, entailing the commitment of criminogenic and conflictogenic speech actions (in accordance with the current Russian civil, administrative and criminal legislation), as well as the list of types of information prohibited or restricted in distribution as harmful to the health and development of children (according to the current Russian legislation) are of urgent applied significance

FEATURES OF MARKETING IN THE INFORMATION PRODUCT MARKET

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larysa Getman ◽  
◽  
Hanna Pshynka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Definition ◽  
Information Market ◽  
Information Product ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Intellectual Labor ◽  
Information Products ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Market Relations

The information market has distinctive features in comparison with the market for industrial products due to the specificity of the object of market relations - an information product. An information product in a market environment becomes a commodity, while retaining the properties inherent in information. Based on the general definition of the market, the information market is a system of economic relations arising on the basis of commodity and money circulation, which cover the sphere of exchange, production, distribution and consumption of information goods and services. The informatization of society is inextricably linked with the emergence and development of the market for information products and services, which is a system of economic, legal and organizational relations in the field of free purchase and sale of intellectual labor goods and services between various business entities and consumers. This market, like other markets, is characterized by a certain range of products and services, conditions and mechanisms for their provision, prices. The characteristic features of market relations are: the presence of competition, free choice of partners, mutual agreements of the exchanging parties, equivalent exchange of goods and funds, etc., which provides an opportunity for an effective solution to socio-economic problems. Information products act as goods of intellectual labor in this market: knowledge, documents, information systems, information technology, licenses, patents, trademarks, know-how, engineering and technical services, various kinds of information and other types of information resources. The information resource market functions similarly to traditional markets, but under the influence of its characteristics, elements of novelty appear in the process of forming demand, supply and pricing for an information product.

Clandestine chatters: Self-disclosure in U.K. chat room profiles

First Monday ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Fullwood ◽  
Mike Thelwall ◽  
Sam O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Chat Room ◽  
Chat Rooms ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Sex And Age Differences

With the increasing popularity of social networking sites, it has become relatively common for Internet users to develop an online presence via a personal profile page. Moreover, some chat rooms allow members to develop profile pages too. As a potential first point of contact, effective profile construction may play a pivotal role in the management of first impressions. Identity construction in profiles seems to be particularly important for chat room users, because they are often likely to interact with strangers. Since chat rooms can be used for anti-social purposes, the type and extent of the information posted in chat room profiles seems likely to be different from that in online profiles for social networking sites, which may be more closely tied to offline identities. This investigation of information in 324 profiles from two Lycos chat rooms for adults found that most users include a picture of themselves on their profile, hence apparently tying themselves to their offline identity. Nevertheless, the majority remain anonymous, probably many more than for social networking sites and blog authors. There are sex differences in the types of information posted on chat room profiles, with women tending to include more personal information. Furthermore, older users are more likely to post information about relationship status and location than younger users. These sex and age differences in profile content may be a consequence of the different motivations for using the service as well as disparities in self-disclosure norms.

scholarly journals The Legal Aspect of Consumers' Protection from Pop-Up Advertisements in Indonesia

Lentera Hukum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Rina Arum Prastyanti ◽  
Eiad Yafi ◽  
Kelik Wardiono ◽  
Arief Budiono
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
New Media ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Advertising Ethics ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Online Consumers ◽  
Information Law ◽  
Ethics Guidelines

Pop-up advertisements have become prevalent on websites. When users click on the banner, they navigate a separate window; banner and pop-up advertisements contain attractive audio-visual and animated graphics. This intrusive advertising has not explicitly regulated Indonesia's current legislation, including Electronic Transaction and Information Law 11/2008 (ITE Law). Also, it is exempted in the Indonesian Pariwara Ethics, guidelines for advertising ethics and procedure in Indonesia. This study aimed to revisit consumers’ protection toward pop-up advertisements in Indonesia, with two main discussions. First, it discussed online consumers' perceptions of pop-up advertisements and the classification of their responses. Second, it enquired to what extent the legal and ethics protection for online consumers in Indonesia. By using empirical legal research, this study concluded that the ITE Law prohibits anyone from spreading online information with content that violates immorality and gambling, as it often contains in pop-up advertisements. Through the lens of business ethics, pop-up advertisements are new media and they should not be installed in such a way as to interfere with the freedom of internet users, given that pop-up advertisements do not reflect the ethics of honesty, trust, and advice in business. KEYWORDS: Consumers’ Protection, Online Advertisements, Business Ethics.

Problems of Qualifying the Acquisition of Narcotic Substances on the Basis of Actus Reus

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
E. Ju. Chetvertakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Actus Reus ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Objective Side ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Narcotic Drugs

The complex nature of the act of the illegal acquisition of narcotic substances, creates problems in determining the boundaries of the intrusion and determining the stage of the crime, which leads to a lack of uniformity in the application of the provisions of Article 228 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The purpose of this article is to identify the problems that arise during the qualification of illegal acquisition of narcotic drugs, and to suggest ways to solve them. Tasks: analysis of the concept of the acquisition of narcotic drugs, the establishment of signs that are part of the objective side of the encroachment, the definition of the boundaries of the objective element to differentiate the stages of the crime. The article is based on an analysis of criminal legislation, doctrinal provisions and judicial practice. The author concludes that the acquisition of a narcotic substances is an act as a result of which a person is able to possess, use and dispose of the drug at his own discretion. The moment of completion of the crime should be associated with the possibility of disposing of the drug received. The seizure of narcotic drugs from the purchaser in the course of law enforcement intelligence operations cannot be considered as a completed crime. When determining the initial stage of the actus reus, the method of committing the crime should be taken into account. The conclusion is substantiated that it is inadmissible to use by analogy the explanation of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the content of the sale of narcotic drugs when interpreting the sign of illegal acquisition.

scholarly journals Criminal responsibility for stealing in international law

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-E) ◽  
pp. 505-511
Author(s):  
Nina Vladimirovna Ogorodnikova ◽  
Valeria Vladimirovna Poltavets ◽  
Maria Teymurazovna Gigineyshvili ◽  
Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Zharkikh
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International Law ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Actus Reus ◽  
Structured System ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Linguistic Methods ◽  
Common Understanding

This paper is focused on comparative analysis of crimes against property as they are defined in international treaties and Russian Criminal Code. The methodological basis of the study is a set of doctrinal, comparative and linguistic methods. A comparative analysis of international and national criminal legislation providing liability for stealing of property was carried out. The forms of stealing have been determined and their elements have been described. As a result of the study it can be concluded that there is no well-structured system of crimes against property on universal level. Even though there is common understanding of crimes against property in domestic and international law, the Criminal Code of Russian Federation does not share the approach of international treaties in the matter of formulating some elements of actus reus.

A FUZZY MODEL FOR DESIGN EVALUATION BASED ON MULTIPLE CRITERIA ANALYSIS IN ENGINEERING SYSTEMS

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 317-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIS MARTINEZ ◽  
JUN LIU ◽  
JIAN-BO YANG
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Engineering System ◽  
Engineering Systems ◽  
Expression Domain ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Linguistic Approach ◽  
Fuzzy Linguistic

Before implementing a design of a large engineering system different design proposals are evaluated and ranked according to different criteria, such as, safety, cost and technical performance. The experts' knowledge about these criteria is usually vague and/or incomplete, and their nature may be quantitative or qualitative. Therefore the preference modelling for the criteria could imply the use of different types of information such as numerical and/or linguistic (non-homogeneous framework). However, in most of evaluation processes the experts are forced to provide their scores in the same expression domain and in the same scale. The aim of this paper is to propose an evaluation model based on a multi-criteria decision analysis that offers to the experts the possibility of expressing their knowledge in a non-homogeneous evaluation framework, such that the experts can provide their assessments within different domains and scales according to their knowledge and the nature of the criteria. To do so, we propose the use of the fuzzy logic and the fuzzy linguistic approach in order to manage the uncertainty related to the information provided by the experts.

scholarly journals Legal issues in the field of digital technologies in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 08083
Author(s):  
Yuliya Isakova ◽  
Evgeny Millerov
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the negative factors of the impact of the Internet on the moral development of minors (that is, persons under the age of eighteen), the legal aspects of countering these factors. The types of information on the Internet are analyzed, which can harm children to their moral development. In addition to the study of laws that are exclusively regulatory in nature of these issues, the main emphasis is placed on the analysis of the norms of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which provide for legal liability for acts that are capable for causing harm to minor Internet users. Some problems of classification of these administrative offenses and crimes are considered, the position of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is given, the official statistics of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia are analyzed with ocular demonstration. At the end of the study, the authors put forward their own conclusions regarding the legal aspects of the protection of minor Internet users, and proposals are also made for amending some norms of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF APPLYING OBJECTIVE SIGNS OF THE CORPUS DELICTI PROVIDED FOR IN ARTICLE 242 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1122-1130
Author(s):  
V.V. Rovneyko ◽  
A.V. Kayshev
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Actus Reus ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Problematic Situations

The article comments on the criminal legislation of Russia, which provides for liability for the illegal production and trafficking of pornographic materials or objects and the practice of its application. Recently, illegal production and trafficking of pornographic materials and objects (Obscene Publications), as a type of criminal activity, have acquired a qualitatively new look. It can be explained by the trend towards an annual increase in registered IT crimes (committed using information and telecommunications networks (including Internet)). The use of such means significantly complicates law enforcement, primarily in connection with the criminal legal assessment and qualification of such acts. In article there are analyzes the objective features (actus reus) of the corpus delicti that determines the basis of criminal liability for the illegal production and trafficking of pornographic materials or objects. One of the problematic situations, according to the authors, is considered, related to the practice of applying Article 242 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The authors' conclusions are based on the analysis of the provisions of the current criminal legislation of the Russian Federation and the practice of its application. The rules of international treaties were considered, as well as the practice of applying the rules of civil and administrative law, including those related to the concepts of “publicity” and “indefinite range of persons”, were considered.

scholarly journals Influence of Information Product Quality on Informing Users: A Web Portal Context

10.28945/3570 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 381-409
Author(s):  
Junghyun Nam
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Web Portal ◽  
Information Product ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Information Products

Web portals have been used as information products to deliver personalized, feature-rich, and flexible information needs to Internet users. However, all portals are not equal. Most of them have relatively a small number of visitors, while a few capture the majority of surfers. This study seeks to uncover the factors that contribute the perceived quality of a general portal. Based on 21 factors derived from an extensive literature review on Information Product Quality (IPQ), web usage, and media use, an experimental study was conducted to identify the factors that are perceived by web portal users as most relevant. The literature categorizes quality factors of an information product in three dimensions: information, physical, and service. This experiment suggests a different clustering of factors: Content relevancy, Communication interactiveness, Information currency, and Instant gratification. The findings in this study will help developers find a more customer-oriented approach to developing high-traffic portals.

scholarly journals On the Possibility of Doctrinal Perception of Artificial Intelligence as the Subject of Crime in the System of Common Law: Using the Example of the U.S. Criminal Legislation

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Shestak ◽  
Aleksander Volevodz ◽  
Vera Alizade
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Actus Reus ◽  
Criminal Intent ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Willful Action ◽  
Near Future

The authors examine the possibility of holding artificial intelligence (AI) criminally liable under the current U.S. criminal legislation and study the opinions of Western lawyers who believe that this possibility for a machine controlled by AI may become reality in the near future. They analyze the requirements for criminal liability as determined by American legislators: a willful unlawful act or omission of an act (actus reus), criminal intent (mens rea), i.e. the person knowingly commits a criminal act or is negligent, as well as three basic models of AI’s criminal liability. In the first model, a crime is committed through the actions of another person, i.e. the cases when the subject of crime does not have sufficient cognitive abilities to understand the criminal intent and, moreover, to be guided by it. This category of persons includes minors, persons with limited legal capacity and modern cybernetic systems, who cannot be viewed as capable of cognition that equals human cognition. The latter are consi­dered to be innocent of a criminal act because their actions are controlled by an algorithm or a person who has indirect program control. In the second model, a crime is committed by a being who is objectively guilty of it. A segment of the program code in intellectual systems allows for some illegal act by default, for example, includes a command to unconditionally destroy all objects that the system recognizes as dange­rous for the purpose that such AI is working to fulfill. According to this model, the person who gives the unlawful command should be held liable. If such a «collaborator» is not hidden, criminal liability should be imposed on the person who gives an unlawful command to the system, not on the performer, because the algorithmic system that determines the actions of the performer is itself unlawful. Thus, criminal liability in this case should be imposed on the persons who write or use the program, on the condition that they were aware of the unlawfulness of orders that guide the actions of the performer. Such crimes include acts that are criminal but cannot be prevented by the performer — the AI system. In the third model, AI is directly liable for the acts that contain both a willful action and the unlawful intent of the machine. Such liability is possible if AI is recognized as a subject of criminal law, and also if it independently works out an algorithm to commit an act leading to publically dangerous consequen­ces, or if such consequences are the result of the system’s omission to act according to the initial algorithm, i.e. if its actions are willful and guilty.

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