scholarly journals Young Bilingual Children’s Spelling Strategies: A Comparative Study of 6- to 7-Year-Old Bilinguals and Monolinguals

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Sofia Guimaraes ◽  
Eric Parkins
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Spelling Error ◽  
Verbal Processing ◽  
Spelling Acquisition ◽  
Error Analyses ◽  
Spelling Strategies ◽  
Academic Year

Developing literacy in two languages can be challenging for young bilingual children. This longitudinal study investigates the effects of bilingualism in the spelling strategies of English-Portuguese speaking children. A total of 88 six-to-seven-year-old bilinguals and monolinguals were followed during one academic year and data gathered on a range of verbal and written language skills and non-verbal measures while controlling for SES.  For both bilinguals and monolinguals letter knowledge, phonological awareness and word concept were significant predictors of spelling. However, non-verbal reasoning played an increasing role in explaining spelling variance for bilinguals, suggesting that learning to spell in two alphabetic languages places more demands on non-verbal processing skills. Spelling error analyses further revealed that bilinguals when compared to monolinguals showed more reliance on phonological strategies, less compliance with the L1 orthographic system and at times transference from L2. The results suggest important implications for our understanding of spelling acquisition and the development of effective intervention practices for bilingual children.

scholarly journals WRITING SKILLS ENHANCEMENT Of RECOUNT TEXT USING ITINERARY AS A MEDIA FOR THE VIII H CLASS IN SEMESTER 2 OF SMP NEGERI 2 MARGOREJO IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2012/2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Restiyorini Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Instructional Media ◽  
Allocation Of Time ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Write Text ◽  
Planning Action

Writing is one of the four language skills that must be mastered students. That writing is an activity that is active and productive and require a systematic way of thinking expressed in written language. The fact that writing is a skill that is considered the most difficult for students in SMP Negeri 2 Margorejo  in the academic year 2012/2013. The ability to write Recount  text students in eight grade students before the study is done on average lower. The purpose of this study was to determine (1) Increasing the student's ability to write text Recount through the use of instructional media. (2) Describe whether itinerary media use can improve the ability to write  recount text for  VIII H class in  semester 2 of SMP Negeri 2 Margorejo in the academic year 2012/2013. Classroom Action Research was conducted in two cycles with the allocation of time each cycle two meetings with study procedures each cycle includes: planning, action, observation and reflection. The results based on preliminary data showed that only 13.3% completeness, once held the act of learning to use media itinerary, the ability of students has increased. When viewed in terms of value, the ability of students has increased sequentially: 57.33, 67.33, and 72.6. Based on these results it can be concluded that the ability to write recount text for VIII H class of SMP Negeri  2 Margorejo  in the academic year 2012/2013 can be enhanced through the use of media itinerary.

Sex Differences in Written Language among Elementary Pupils: A Seven-Year Longitudinal Study

1989 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-414
Author(s):  
Betty H. Yarborough ◽  
Roger A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Written Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Traditional View

This seven-year longitudinal study compared the development in written language skills of 41 boys and 38 girls from kindergarten through Grade 6. Advantages often attributed to girls were not found. Present results tend to refute the traditional view that girls are linguistically superior to boys and confirm the more recent view that neither sex has an advantage over the other in written language skills in the elementary school.

Getting EFL Learners to Speak: Obstacles and Solutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Eulis Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Education ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
English Competence ◽  
Academic Year

This research investigates how process of speaking instruction takes place at IAIN SMH Banten. There are three main issues in the research problems: the process of teaching speaking, obstacles found in the teaching and learning process, and what efforts do they make to solve the obstacles in speaking. The process of teaching speaking discusses materials, preparation, procedures or steps in teaching speaking while obstacles and solutions discuss the speaking barriers that the students faced in speaking class and how they minimize the barriers. By applying descriptive qualitative research design to students of fourth semester in academic year 2014/2015, the result shows that the focus of speaking instruction at the fourth semester of English education department of IAIN SMH Banten seemed to let the students speak, without any language skills discussion as the feedback. At the same time, during the process of speaking instruction there are some problems faced by students. The first is  problem of limited English Competence dealt with students poor of vocabulary and the second is problems of psychological factors.

WRITING SKILLS IN SMP USWATUN HASANAH, BURU DISTRICT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARZIKO
Keyword(s):  
Middle School Students ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Reading Process ◽  
School Students ◽  
Junior High Students ◽  
The Media

Abstract Reading is a process carried out and used by the reader to obtain a message, which the writer wants to convey through the media of written language. A process that demands that groups of words which are a unity be seen at a glance, and so that the meaning of individual words will be known. If this is not fulfilled, then the explicit and implicit message will not be captured or understood, and the reading process will not be carried out properly. A process that demands that groups of words that represent a group will be seen in a glance, and so that the meaning of individual words will be known. This study aims to describe the language skills of Uswatun Hasanah Middle School students in Buru Regency. The research location is in the Islamic boarding school of Uswatun hasanah Namlea. data and data sources namely students of class VII Uswatun hasanah. the method in this study is PTK or classroom action research. The results of the study showed that the language skills of the seventh grade junior high students were very prominent as evidenced by the assignment of language assignments, namely. Keywords: Reading, Uswatun hasanah, students, Buru

scholarly journals Skriftsprogskompetence og skriftsprogsvalg hos to kommandanter på Kronborg i 2. halvdel af 1600-tallet

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Written Language ◽  
German Language ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Command Language ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Professional Writers ◽  
Selection Of

It is a rule of thumb that the army’s command language was German until 1773 andafter that Danish. But along with the language of the army, the army’s administrationalso had a written language, and that is the subject of this brief empirical study. Thestudy will discuss the written language skills and the choice of written language by twocommandants of the same age at Kronborg, who were otherwise very different people,each holding the position of commandant at the fortress for a number of years in thesecond half of 17th century, in a selection of letters from them to the king and thecentral administration. The letters are often about the construction work, which tookplace at Kronborg at the time. The following questions are asked: Which language wasused when writing to whom? And what language did they allow to be written to whom,when they used professional writers? In what situations did they use professional writers?Was the choice of language determined by the recipient? The first is the Danishnobleman Eiller Holck (1627–1696). The letters examined are from 1660–1664. EillerHolck, who was quite well-educated, was skilled at writing in both Danish and German,but mostly used a writer, and when writing himself, he seldomly wrote more than ashort text near his signature. When he himself wrote to the king, he wrote Danish,but when writing to the king using a writer, the writer used German. This was also thecase when writing to the Danish/Norwegian nobleman Jørgen Bielke. This is perhapslinked with the language skills of the writer that was available. Holck took into accountthe fact that his superior, Danish Field Marshall Hans Schack, preferred German. BothHans Schack and Eiller Holck used translations in communications with their troops.The second is Jacob Geueke, son of a commoner from Burg on the German island ofFemern (1617–1699). The letters examined are from 1688–1692. He used German language writers, only wrote amendments on the letters himself and only in Germanand was not satisfied with his own standard of writing. Perhaps he understood Danish.It is of vital importance that many of the recipients of the letters in the central administrationwere from Holsten. Perhaps the delivered correspondence would have beenin Danish to a greater extent had Jørgen Bielke been more involved in the administration?

scholarly journals The Humanitarian Project-Based Material for Productive Written Language Skills Subject for English Education Study Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-355
Author(s):  
Anggraini Thesisia Saragih ◽  
Amrin Saragih ◽  
Christine Helena ◽  
Yuni Khairina ◽  
Ade Namira
Keyword(s):  
English Education ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Expert Judgement ◽  
Study Program ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Need Analysis ◽  
Education Study ◽  
Course Material ◽  
Gathering Data

This study was aimed to develop humanitarian project-based material for productive written language skills subject for English Education Study Program at UNIMED. Research and Development (R&D) was the design of this study with the subjects of the study were 25 students of first semester students of English Education Study Program at UNIMED. The research procedures were adapted from Borg and Gall’s research theory (1983) namely 1)gathering data and information, 2)need analysis, 3)designing course material, 4)validating and evaluating new course material by the Experts, 5)revising the course material and 6)final product. The instruments of collecting the data were questionnaire, interview and expert judgement questionnaire. The data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.. Based on the result of the expert judgement, the whole aspects of developed materials were in the range of 81-100% and were categorized as “very good”.

scholarly journals Spanish-English Bilingual Children’s Relative Use of English Tense and Agreement Morphemes

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Potapova ◽  
Sonja L. Pruitt-Lord
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Language Assessment ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Third Person

Best practice for bilingual speakers involves considering performance in each language the client uses. To support this practice for young clients, a comprehensive understanding of how bilingual children develop skills in each language is needed. To that end, the present work investigates relative use of English tense and agreement (T/A) morphemes—a skill frequently considered as part of a complete language assessment—in Spanish-English developing bilingual preschoolers with varying levels of language ability. Results indicate that developing bilingual children with both typical and weak language skills demonstrate greater use of copula and auxiliary BE relative to third person singular, past tense and auxiliary DO. Findings thus reveal a relative ranking of T/A morphemes in developing bilingual children that differs from that of English monolingual children, who demonstrate relatively later emergence and productivity of auxiliary BE. In turn, findings demonstrate the importance of utilizing appropriate comparisons in clinical practice.

scholarly journals KO MPETENCJE SŁOWOTWÓRCZE POLSKICH DZIECI DWUJĘZYCZNYCH MIESZKAJĄCYCH W IRLANDII(NA PRZYKŁADZIE NAZW OSOBOWYCH ŻEŃSKICH)

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Natalia SIUDZIŃSKA
Keyword(s):  
Language Skills ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Linguistic Development ◽  
Feminine Gender ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Context Of Learning

The complexity of word-formation in Slavic languages, especially in the Polish language, makes it very difficult for Polish speaking children and bilingual children to learn, especially when the second language is not Slavic. In this article I would like to concentrate on the linguistic problems in the context of learning word-formation by bilingual children aged 5-9 who live in Ireland and who learn Polish and English at the same time. I would like to juxtapose their level of word formation competence with those children who are Polish language speakers living in Poland and who are in the same age group (5-9). The research described below concerns the category of feminine gender words. The linguistic data used for the description were collected during the fieldwork research carried out with the group of thirty bilingual children. The results of the research allowed to establish the differences in the linguistic development of monolingual and bilingual children and to indicate the factors that determine the acquisition of word-formation competences. This type of research will help teachers and other specialists (psychologists, speech therapists) working with such children to better assess the language skills of bilingual children. They also allow to estimate the scale of difficulties that Polish children returning from emigration will encounter.

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