scholarly journals FACTORS AFFECTING CREDIT SPREAD IN INDIAN DEBT MARKET

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-337
Author(s):  
Praveen Gupta, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Credit Spread ◽  
Government Bonds ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Linear Dependency ◽  
Debt Market ◽  
Repo Rate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

This paper shows that how Macro risk factors affect the credit spread in the Indian debt market. Credit spread is the difference between government bonds and corporate bonds of the same maturity. Various factors impact the spread directly and indirectly. The main focus of this paper to determine the relationship between these factors and find out which factors are explaining credit spread. This paper determines the significance linear dependency of credit spread on various factors through regression analysis. These factors are the market risk factors such as Inflation, GDP growth, and liquidity factors like the Repo rate. This paper will show that whether we are accepting the null hypothesis which states that these factors affect the credit spread or reject the hypothesis of no impact of variables on credit spread

The Interpretive Structural Model of EPC Project Risk Factors

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 3269-3272
Author(s):  
Jing Min Wang ◽  
Yan Mei Li ◽  
Yi Ping Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Performance Contracting ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Project Risks ◽  
Interpretive Structural Model ◽  
The Relationship

Project invested with a type of Energy Performance Contracting has many stakeholders and its structure is complex. Risk factors produced from it are so widespread that its hard to control the risks of EPC project. Analyzing EPC project risks with interpretive structural model, solving reachability matrix and establishing Interpretive Structural Model to identify the relationship between factors and the surface, middle and deep risk factors affecting EPC project based on determination of risks, which provides a reference for policies and measures formulation of the relevant departments.

scholarly journals Allometry Analysis and Physiological Index of Sea Urchin Heliocidaris crassispina (A. Agassiz, 1864) (Camarodonta, Echinometridae) on the Reef Flat in Tongkeina and Malalayang Dua, Manado, Sulawesi

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Muhammad S. Hasi ◽  
Lawrence J. L. Lumingas ◽  
Anneke V. Lohoo
Keyword(s):  
Reef Flat ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Gonad Index ◽  
Test Diameter ◽  
Physiological Index ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to analysis the structure of the size, morphometry (test diameter-high relationship, test diameter-weight relationship) as well as gonad indices, intestine indices, and Aristotle lantern indices of Heliocidaris crassispina in two different habitats, Malalayang Dua and Tongkeina. At each habitat, free sampling on the reef flat have be done one time for approximately two hours at the lowest tide. The abundance of individuals H. crassispina in Malalayang Dua was much lower than in Tongkeina. The means diameter of sea urchins test were not significantly different between habitats. The comparison of regression lines of both diameter-high and diameter-weight relationships were not differ significantly between habitats. Its morphometry reveal an isometric relationship of high-diameter (slope = 1) in both habitats, while the relationship of weight-diameter reveals a negative allometric growth (slope < 3) in Tongkeina but isometric growth in Malalayang Dua.  The gonad index in Malalayang Dua was higher than in Tongkeina. The intestine index in Tongkeina was higher than in Malalayang Dua. The lantera index in Tongkeina was higher than in Malalayang Dua. The difference in abundance of sea urchins and the acquisition of the energetic value of food presumably serve as the factors affecting the differences of these indices and its weight growth pattern. ________________________________________________________________ Keywords: Heliocidaris crassispina, allometry analysis, physiological index ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis struktur ukuran, morfometri (hubungan diameter-tinggi cangkang, hubungan diameter-berat) serta indeks gonad, indeks usus, dan indeks lentera Aristoteles dari Heliocidaris crassispina di dua habitat yang berbeda, Malalayang Dua dan Tongkeina. Pada setiap habitat, sampling bebas di rataan terumbu telah dilakukan satu kali selama kurang lebih dua jam pada saat pasang terrendah. Kelimpahan individu H. crassispina di Malalayang Dua jauh lebih rendah daripada di Tongkeina. Diameter rata-rata cangkang bulu babi tidak berbeda nyata antara habitat. Perbandingan garis regresi hubungan diameter-tinggi dan diameter-berat tidak berbeda secara signifikan antara habitat. Analisis morfometri menunjukkan hubungan isometrik tinggi-diameter (slope = 1) di kedua habitat, sedangkan hubungan berat-diameter menunjukkan pertumbuhan alometrik negatif (kemiringan <3) di Tongkeina tetapi di Malalayang Dua menunjukkan pertumbuhan isometrik. Indeks gonad di Malalayang Dua lebih tinggi daripada di Tongkeina. Indeks usus di Tongkeina lebih tinggi daripada di Malalayang Dua. Indeks lantera di Tongkeina lebih tinggi daripada di Malalayang Dua. Perbedaan kelimpahan bulu babi dan perolehan nilai energik makanan diduga berperan sebagai faktor yang mempengaruhi perbedaan indeks ini dan pola pertumbuhan beratnya. ________________________________________________________________ Kata kunci: Heliocidaris crassispina, analisis allometri, indeks fisiologis ____________________ 1Bagian dari Skripsi 2Mahasiswa Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan FPIK-UNSRAT 3Staf Pengajar Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan UNSRAT

scholarly journals FACTORS AFFECTING THE LINKAGE OF THE FISHERIES SUPPLY CHAIN IN BA RIA VUNG TAU PROVINCE, VIETNAM

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-91
Author(s):  
Tran Huu Ai ◽  
My Pham Thi Chieu ◽  
Thanh Duong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Market Risks ◽  
Business Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Business Relations

The purpose of this study is to test the relationship between the premise factors and business results of organizations involved in the fishery supply chain in Ba Ria - Vung Tau province. The research results show that the risk factors in the supply chain affect supply chain linkages, including risk from the supply, market risks, and information risks. More specifically, risks from the supply are negatively related to supplier links. This is consistent with the views of (Frohlich, 2002; Zsidisin, 2003; Zhao et al., 2013) but this also contrasts with the theory of the relationship between environment and organization. If some supply is problematic, people would be ready to look for new suppliers. This may also be the focus of trust and commitment in business relations between organizations in Vietnam. The results of this study indicate that the risk from supply does not usually have any impact on customers. This is in contrast with the research results of (Frohlich, 2002; Zsidisin, 2003; Zhao et al., 2013). Finally, the risks from the environment surprisingly show no impact on supply chain linkages. This result is completely contrary to the research results obtained by (Khan and Burnes, 2007).

Epidemiology and relationship with transitional bladder cancer

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
C. Lozzi ◽  
S. Annoscia ◽  
C. Boccafoschi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Balkan Nephropathy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High

— After a brief description of the various and most frequent histological kinds of neoplasms of the upper urinary tract, the Authors report on the recognised and hypothetical risk factors such as Balkan nephropathy, phenacetin nephropathy, thorotrast, chemical substances, smoke etc. They then examine the relationship between upper urinary tract transitional cancer and bladder cancer. They stress the difference between the incidence of upper urinary tract transitional cancer after a bladder cancer (very low, about 2.7%) and the incidence of bladder cancer after an upper urinary tract transitional cancer (very high, about 28%). Finally they examine some prognostic factors such as grading, staging, the relevance of cytology, positive nodes and hydronephrosis.

Microbiological Quality and Risk Factors Related to Sandwiches Served in Bakeries, Cafés, and Sandwich Bars in South Korea

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
HONG GEUN JANG ◽  
NAM HEE KIM ◽  
YOUNG MIN CHOI ◽  
MIN SUK RHEE
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Holding Temperature

The objective of this study was to investigate the microbiological quality of sandwiches produced on site and served in bakeries, cafés, and sandwich bars in South Korea and to determine the major risk factors affecting the sanitation level in each store (n = 1,120). The microbiological quality of the sandwiches was analyzed, and the sanitation level of each store was evaluated as satisfactory or unsatisfactory based on sanitation guidelines. Total coliforms were detected in 906 samples (80.9%), but only 3 samples (0.3%) contained confirmed Escherichia coli contamination. The detection rate was highest for Bacillus cereus (10.0%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (1.3%) and Salmonella (0.2%). Vibrio parahaemolyticus was not detected in any samples. The microbial contamination level was significantly lower in winter (P &lt; 0.05) and in stores with a higher sanitation grade. Factors related to the microbiological quality of sandwiches were evaluated as the relative risk (RR) of coliform contamination, and the higher risk factors for sandwich contamination were improper holding temperature (RR = 8.75), cross-contamination (RR = 6.30), lack of proper ventilation systems (RR = 6.16), and the absence of clean and/or suitable outer garments (RR = 5.73). Most factors were related to the failure of food handlers to adhere to sanitation guidelines rather than to unsanitary environments. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the microbiological quality of sandwiches served on-site and various risk factors. These results will help researchers establish guidelines for the sanitary management of sandwich shops.

scholarly journals STAGES AND FACTORS AFFECTING THE AUTHORISATION OF JAWI WRITING IN SIX YEARS STUDENTS OF THE SERI DUYONG NATION SCHOOLS OF MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Afriyanto Bin Emri ◽  
Ahlam Binti Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Proficiency Test ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Quantitative Form ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Primary And Secondary School

The aim of the study is to identify the extent and level affecting Jawi mastery after the decline in Jawi achievement in Islamic teaching subjects, including the Jawi proficiency test in writing, spelling, multiple-choice questions and Quranic writing. In this context, the main objective of this study is to identify the level of Jawi mastery, the difference between Jawi mastery factor and gender and Jawi mastery factor. The study is a quantitative survey and the selected study sample is a total of 72 students from Sekolah Kebangsaan Seri Duyong Melaka. The research tool is using questionnaires. The data obtained in this quantitative form were analyzed descriptively and side-effects (t-test) to test the null hypothesis (s) of the study. The findings suggest that there is no significant difference in the gender of students with the Jawi mastery factor. Finally, the purpose of this study is to improve the education system with respect to responses at the primary and secondary school levels

scholarly journals Vaccination programs, parity, and calving season as factors affecting the risk of fetal losses and mummified fetuses in Holstein cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. e0402-e0402
Author(s):  
Miguel Mellado ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Viral Vaccine ◽  
Single Vaccination ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
The Relationship

Aim of the study: To investigate vaccination programs, parity, and calving season as factors affecting the risk of abortion and mummified fetuses in Holstein cows. Area of study: Hot zone of Northeast Mexico. Material and methods: Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between peripartum disorders, parity, previous occurrence of abortion, season of calving, vaccination program, incidence of abortion, and mummified fetuses in Holstein cows. Main results: For 7014 pregnancies (2886 cows), the percentage of cows aborting and having mummified fetuses was 17.7 and 1.1, respectively. As the number of brucellosis vaccinations increased, the incidence of abortion increased (10.4% for a single vaccination and 38.0% for 6 accumulated vaccinations). Abortion for cows having 1-2 previous abortions (56%) and >2 abortions (77%) was fivefold and sevenfold greater (p<0.01), respectively, than that for cows without previous abortion. Other important risk factors for abortion were number of calvings (19.8% for nulliparous and primiparous vs. 13.8% for >3 parturitions; OR=1.7, p<0.01), leptospirosis vaccine application <55 days postpartum (dpp; OR=1.3, p<0.05), viral vaccine application >37 dpp (OR=1.3, p<0.01), brucellosis vaccine application >20 dpp (OR=1.6, p<0.01), and no application of clostridial vaccine (OR=3.7, p<0.01). Significant risk factors for mummified fetuses were application of ≥3 brucellosis vaccinations (OR=3.3, p<0.01), no application of 10-way clostridial vaccine (OR=2.3, p<0.01), >2 previous abortions (OR=18.4, p<0.01), and calving in autumn (OR=0.4, compared to winter, p<0.05). Research highlights: Risk of abortion and mummified fetuses in Holstein cows has been found to be related to vaccination programs.

scholarly journals Vitamin D3 Level And Risk of Diabetes In Patients With Hyperuricemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong Rongpeng ◽  
Zixin Xu ◽  
Xiaoxin Wei
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that hyperuricemia is involved in diabetes, obesity, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and other diseases. At the same time, studies have shown that vitamin D3 levels in the body are linked to the onset of diabete. However, there is currently no sufficient evidence to prove whether this connection is affected by uric acid levels. Therefore, we attempted to investigate the relationship between vitamin D3 content and the occurrence of diabetes in the hyperuricemia population by using the data of the NHANES database from 2009 to 2018.MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional study using the NHANES database. According to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, we finally selected 3543 representative data. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between vitamin D3 and diabetes in the hyperuricemia population after complete adjustment. We found a linear relationship between vitamin D3 content and the incidence of diabetes.ResultThe results of this study showed that there was a correlation between the content of vitamin D3 and the incidence of diabetes in people with hyperuricemia, and the effect values (OR and 95% confidence interval) were 0.95and (0.92-0.98), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant.ConclusionOur study shows that vitamin D3 content is associated with the incidence of diabetes in people with high uric acid. This study provides a new idea for exploring the factors affecting the pathogenesis of diabetes in patients with hyperuricemia.

scholarly journals Is Adjuvant Chemotherapy Beneficial to All Patients With pT3N0M0 Stage Gastric Cancer?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao-Bao Huang ◽  
Jun Lu ◽  
Dong Wu ◽  
Bin-bin Xu ◽  
Zhen Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Perineural Invasion ◽  
Radical Resection ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients ◽  
Stratified Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe efficacy and benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for patients with gastric cancer pT3N0M0 remain controversial.MethodsWe prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed 235 patients with pT3N0M0 gastric cancer who underwent radical resection between February 2010 and January 2016. Patients were divided into two groups: the surgery-alone (SA) group (n = 82) and the AC group (n = 153). We analyzed the effects of AC on the overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), and the relationship between the number of chemotherapy cycles (CC) and recurrence rate (RR).ResultsThe 5-year OS and RFS of the participants were 80.9% and 87.7%, respectively, and those in the AC group were significantly higher than those in the SA group (86.9% vs. 69.5%, p = 0.003). The RFS of the AC and SA groups were 88.9% and 85.4%, respectively; the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.35). The independent risk factors affecting the OS were perineural invasion-positive (PNI+) (HR = 2.64, 95%CI: 1.45–4.82, p = 0.003) and age ≥ 65 years (HR = 2.58, 95%CI: 1.39–4.8, p = 0.003). The independent risk factor affecting the RFS was also PNI+ (HR3.11; 95%CI: 1.48–6.54, p = 0.003). Stratified analysis revealed that postoperative AC can significantly improve the OS of PNI+ patients (AC group versus SA group: 84.1% vs. 45.5%, p = 0.001) and RFS (86.4% vs. 63.6%, p = 0.017). However, perineural invasion negative (PNI-) patients did not show the same results (p = 0.13 and p = 0.48, respectively). According to the number of CC, divided into CC &lt; 3 groups and CC ≥ 3 groups, the cumulative RR in the CC ≥ 3 group of patients with PNI+ was significantly lower than that of the CC &lt; 3 group (7.4% vs. 28.2%, p = 0.037).ConclusionFor pT3N0M0 gastric cancer patients with PNI+, at least three cycles of postoperative AC can significantly reduce the overall RR. This finding should be verified by using large external sample data.

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