scholarly journals Law Abidance / Delinquency through the Lens of Neurobiology

Lex Russica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 108-121
Author(s):  
T. V. Kashanina
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Older People ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Illegal Behavior ◽  
The Right ◽  
Different Levels

The paper is interdisciplinary in nature: it is written at the intersection of legal theory and neuroscience. In legal science, the study of the causes of illegal behavior is carried out at different levels (psychological, sociological and philosophical). The novelty that this paper introduces is that it is proposed to conduct research on the causes of illegal behavior at the neurobiological level, which is almost more powerful than those mentioned above. The paper is aimed at solving the problem of using a neurobiological portrait of a person or a social group to prevent offenses. According to neurobiological features, people are divided into 4 categories: visual, auditory, kinesthetic and digital, which implies a different characteristic of them in terms of law abidance/delinquency. Knowledge of the neurobiological features of the subjects of law will allow the state to act “ahead of the curve”, and not wait for the commission of illegal actions to begin the fight against them. The question of the gender brain (or the features of the female and male brains) and its influence on the nature of delinquency is being investigated. The features of the adolescent brain are considered, which are able to activate not only prosocial behavior, but also antisocial. The use of neuroscience to explain the antisocial behavior of adolescents allows a deeper understanding of juvenile delinquency. The understanding of the peculiarities of the adolescent brain, it seems possible to develop many different measures in advance to direct their energy in the right way. Finally, neurobiological knowledge is also used to study the legal behavior of older people. The gerontological brain has both advantages and disadvantages. Despite the fact that older people are law-abiding, and the level of delinquency among them is law, it is extremely shortsighted to abandon the behavior of older people in the field of law, especially in the light of demographic problems existing in Russia.

Peculiarities of improving interbudgetary relations in conditions of authorities’ decentralization

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Zenoviy Siryk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social Services ◽  
The State ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Local Areas ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

Ukraine is a unitary state, yet historically various regions, oblasts, districts, and local areas have different levels of economic development. To secure sustainable economic and social development and provide social services guaranteed by the state for each citizen according to the Constitution, the mechanism of redistribution between revenues and expenditures of oblasts, regions, and territories through the budgets of a higher level is used. The paper aims to research the peculiarities of improving interbudgetary relations in conditions of authorities’ decentralization. The paper defines the nature of interbudgetary relations. The basic and reverse subsidies to Ukraine and Lvivska oblast are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages the communities face at changing approaches to balancing local budgets are determined. Regulative documents that cover the interbudgetary relations in Ukraine are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the problem of local finances reforming, including the development of interbudgetary relations. The scheme of the economic interbudgetary relations system in Ukraine is developed. The ways to improve the system of interbudgetary relations in Ukraine are suggested. The negative and positive aspects, advantages, and disadvantages of the system of interbudgetary relations in Ukraine require the following improvements. 1. It is necessary to avoid the complete budget alignment in the process of budgets balancing by interbudgetary transfers as the major objective. 2. The interbudgetary transfers should be distributed based on a formal approach. 3. The changes have to be introduced to the calculation of medical and educational subsidies in terms of financial standard of budget provision to avoid the money deficit for coverage of necessary expenditures. 4. There is a need to improve interbudgetary relations at the levels of districts, villages, towns, and cities of district subordination. 5. Improvement of the mechanism of targeted benefits provision, their real evaluation, and control for the use of funds.

scholarly journals Analysis of Advantages and Disadvantages of the Location Methods of International Auricular Acupuncture Points

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Jing Rong ◽  
Jing-Jun Zhao ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Li-Qun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Research Quality ◽  
Auricular Acupuncture ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Location Method ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
International Standardization ◽  
The Right ◽  
Auricular Therapy ◽  
Location Methods

The international standardization of auricular acupuncture points (AAPs) is an important basis for auricular therapy or auricular diagnosis and treatment. The study on the international standardization of AAPs has gone through a long process, in which the location method is one of the key research projects. There are different points of view in the field of AAPs among experts from different countries or regions. By only analyzing the nine representative location methods, this paper tried to offer a proper location method to locate AAPs. Through analysis of the pros and cons of each location method, the location method applied in the WFAS international standard of AAPs is thoroughly considered as an appropriate method. It is important to keep the right direction during developing an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) international standard of auricular acupuncture points and to improve the research quality of international standardization for AAPs.

Kelsen – Which Kelsen? A Reapplication of the Pure Theory to International Law

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
JÖRG KAMMERHOFER
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Pure Theory ◽  
Municipal Law ◽  
Hans Kelsen ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Legal Theorist

AbstractHans Kelsen is known both as a legal theorist and as an international lawyer. This article shows that his theory of international law is an integral part of the Kelsenian Pure Theory of Law. Two areas of international law are analysed: first, Kelsen's coercive order paradigm and its relationship to the bellum iustum doctrine; second, the Kelsenian notion of the unity of all law vis-à-vis theories of the relationship of international and municipal law. In a second step, the results of Kelsenian general legal theory of the late period – as interpreted and developed by the present author – are reapplied to selected doctrines of international law. Thus is the coercive order paradigm resolved, the unity of law dissolved, and the UN Charter reinterpreted to show that the concretization of norms as positive international law cannot be unmade by a scholarship usurping the right to make law.

Bracketed Morality Revisited: How Do Athletes Behave in Two Contexts?

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kavussanu ◽  
Ian D. Boardley ◽  
Sam S. Sagar ◽  
Christopher Ring
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Moral Behavior ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ego Orientation ◽  
Highly Correlated

The concept of bracketed morality has received empirical support in several sport studies (e.g., Bredemeier & Shields, 1986a, 1986b). However, these studies have focused on moral reasoning. In this research, we examined bracketed morality with respect to moral behavior in sport and university contexts, in two studies. Male and female participants (Study 1: N = 331; Study 2: N = 372) completed questionnaires assessing prosocial and antisocial behavior toward teammates and opponents in sport and toward other students at university. Study 2 participants also completed measures of moral disengagement and goal orientation in both contexts. In most cases, behavior in sport was highly correlated with behavior at university. In addition, participants reported higher prosocial behavior toward teammates and higher antisocial behavior toward opponents in sport than toward other students at university. The effects of context on antisocial behavior were partially mediated by moral disengagement and ego orientation. Our findings extend the bracketed morality concept to prosocial and antisocial behavior.

Mikor és hogyan integráljuk az onkológiai és a palliatív ellátást?

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (44) ◽  
pp. 1769-1775
Author(s):  
Orsolya Horváth ◽  
Enikő Földesi ◽  
Katalin Hegedűs
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Early Integration ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Referral Criteria ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Oncology Care ◽  
The Right

Összefoglaló. A palliatív ellátások korai bevonása az onkológiai betegek ellátásába előnnyel jár mind a beteg életminősége, mind a kezelés színvonala, mind a költséghatékonyság szempontjából. Szükség van egy olyan modellre, mely alapján a megfelelő időben, a megfelelő beteg a megfelelő minőségű palliatív ellátásban részesül. Ebben a közleményben a palliatív ellátás korai integrációjának előnyei, szintjei és a speciális palliatív ellátás fogalmának ismertetése után a leginkább elterjedt beutalási modellek előnyeit és hátrányait mutatjuk be a nemzetközi szakirodalom alapján. A speciális palliatív ellátást igénylő betegek kiszűrésére szolgáló, prognózisalapú modellek hátránya, hogy nincs elég kapacitás az ilyen módon beutalt nagyszámú beteg ellátására, ezért széles körben nem terjedtek el. A tüneteken alapuló modellek sokszor bonyolultak és a mindennapi klinikai gyakorlatban nem használatosak. Az új kutatások alapján egyszerű, gyakorlatias kérdéssorokat alkalmaznak, melyekkel könnyen kiemelhetők, akik profitálnak a speciális palliatív intervencióból. Ezek közül a Yale egyetemi és a PALLIA -10 modellt ismertetjük részletesen. Amennyiben az aktív onkológiai ellátást végzők a megfelelő palliatív beutalási kritériumokat ismerik és alkalmazzák, a betegek időben jutnak a megfelelő komplex kezeléshez anélkül, hogy a palliatív ellátórendszer túlterhelődne. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(44): 1769–1775. Summary. Early integration of palliative care into the trajectory of cancer care brings advantages into the patients’ quality of life, the level of care and cost-efficiency, too. On the basis of a predefined model, the right patient may receive the right level of palliative care at the right time. Having defined the advantages, the levels of early integration of palliative care and the concept of special palliative care, we also aim to describe the advantages and disadvantages of the most common referral models on the basis of international literature in this article. The drawback of prognosis-based models to identify patients needing special palliative care is the lack of capacity to provide care for the large number of patients so recognised; therefore they have not become widespread. Needs-based models tend to be complicated and thus rarely applied in everyday clinical practice. On the basis of new researches, simple, pragmatic questionnaires are utilised through which the patients who could benefit from special palliative care interventions are easy to identify. Here we give a detailed report of the Yale University and PALLIA-10 models. On condition that appropriate palliative referral criteria are known and applied by active oncology care providers, patients may receive adequate complex care without the palliative care system being overloaded. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(44): 1769–1775.

The role of motivation in talent selection and ­development in competitive sport

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Current State ◽  
Talent Selection ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Performance Development ◽  
The Right

The early and long-term development of promising young athletes is a decisive factor in being internationally competitive in top-level sports. Among the multitude of talent criteria suggested in the literature, motivation plays a prominent role in the area of psychological characteristics. It is recognised in practice and research as a relevant criterion for performance development across all sports. This article provides an overview of the current state of talent research in the field of motivation. First, the most common theories of motivation in competitive sports are described, then different measurement methods and their advantages and disadvantages as well as the predictive value of motivation for athletic performance are discussed. Finally, implications for practice are suggested. It can be summarised that motivation in sport is conceptualised and operationalised in different ways and that the decision for the right measurement instrument depends on the goal of the assessment. To get a comprehensive picture of an athlete’s motivational status, it is useful to assess several aspects of motivation through different methods.

scholarly journals Which age group spends the most in a national park?

Koedoe ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Cini ◽  
Melville Saayman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Older People ◽  
National Park ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Expenditure Patterns ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Table Mountain ◽  
The Right

Age (and its changing structure amongst the wider population) is one of the most relevant aspects required to better understand and forecast the needs, interests and associated consumption behaviours of tourists. This research used age to investigate the expenditure patterns amongst a sample of visitors to the Table Mountain National Park (TMNP), South Africa. In March 2010, visitors to the TMNP were found to differ significantly from those at other parks, as they were younger and most of them were foreigners. This study found that younger visitors (18–29 years) were higher spenders when compared to those aged 30–49 years. As parks are generally visited by older people, this study showed the economic importance of the younger market. The research also made clear implications and recommendations for park management as to how to address these findings. Conservation implications: Conservation is dependent on funding. One of the main sources of income is tourism and tourism related activities. This research can assist marketers and managers to target the right markets in order to be more sustainable. This research also shows the importance of environmental education at an early age in order to grow awareness and to target the right markets.

scholarly journals On Issue of Civil and Legal Liability of the Insolvency Officer for Actions (Inaction) of Third Parties in a Bankruptcy Case

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Staritsyn
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Liability ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Bankruptcy Law ◽  
District Courts ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Illegal Behavior ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Right

Considering the right of the insolvency officer to involve other persons, including employees of the debtor, to ensure his powers, the article examines the possibility of bringing the officer to civil and legal liability in the form of recovering damages for actions (inaction) of such persons. It summarizes and analyzes the judicial practice at the level of the Arbitration District Courts and the Judicial Panel on Economic Disputes of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. A conclusion is made of admissibility in certain cases of bringing the insolvency officer to civil and legal liability for the actions of the persons involved by him. The illegal behavior and the fault of the insolvency officer can be expressed in improper control over the actions (inactions) of third parties, in selecting an incompetent person. The article offers to regulate at the legislative level the issue of the possibility of bringing the insolvency officer to liability for actions of other persons, by including such rules in the Bankruptcy Law.

scholarly journals THE LAST WOLF. THOMAS HOBBES’ PHILOSOPHY OF CRIME AND PUNISHMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-127
Author(s):  
Silvia Alves
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
The Right

This article draws a reconstruction of Thomas Hobbes’ philosophy of crime and punishment. In Leviathan or Philosophical rudiments (De Cive) political science, legal theory and philosophy of crime and punishment compose a coherent unity. This scenario where power and law emerge allows to erect an extraordinarily modern theory that shelters preference for statutory law and suspicion of judicial discretion; consistency and predictability of the legal system; preventism and utilitarianism on punishments; prohibition of ex post facto laws and, in general, defense of strict legality. Boldness and the disconcerting frankness of Hobbes’ thinking coexist with some defiant antinomies. The duty to obey never eclipses the inalienable right to self-preservation. And the theorist of absolute sovereignty can present himself as an unexpected liberal. But perhaps the most disturbing is the permanent reminder that punishment remains brutal violence. The right to punish and the right to resist are the brutal remains of the state of nature.

scholarly journals Kriteria Calon Pemimpin Negara dan Mekanisme Pencalonannya di Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Pandangan Fiqih Siyasah

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tofa Fidyansyah ◽  
Siti Ngainnur Rohmah
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
The Political ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Direct Elections ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Leadership has a major influence on the political and state life of a nation. A leader will also determine the progress and retreat of a country. This paper provides an understanding of the criteria for candidate state leaders whose mechanisms have been determined in the laws and regulations of the Republic of Indonesia and the criteria for candidate state leaders in the view of fiqh siyasah. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature approach. The data in this study were obtained from binding legal materials consisting of legislation, court decisions, legal theory, books, scientific writings and legal journals. The results of this study state that the criteria for candidates for state leaders in the Republic of Indonesia as stated in the laws and regulations have several similarities with the criteria for candidate leaders according to Fiqih Siyasah, the presidential election of the Republic of Indonesia in the period before 2009 was carried out with the concept of Bay'at Ahl al-Hall wa al-'Aqd, the presidential election is carried out in the deliberations of the people's representatives who are in the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), appointed by the assembly, and when the term of office ends, an accountability report will be asked to the assembly that appointed it. The presidential election of the Republic of Indonesia, in the period after 2009 was carried out by way of direct elections through elections, all levels of society who have the right to vote can make their choice directly, no longer through representatives by people's representatives. But the weakness is that the elected president is not asked to report an accountability report at the end of his term of office.Keywords: Criteria for prospective leaders, mechanisms, fiqh siyasah. AbstrakKepemimpinan berpangaruh besar terhadap kehidupan berpolitik dan bernegara suatu bangsa. Seorang pemimpin juga akan menentukan maju mundurnya sebuah negara. Tulisan ini memberikan pemahaman bagaimana kriteria calon pemimpin negara yang sudah ditetapkan mekanismenya dalam peraturan perundang-undangan Republik Indonesia dan kriteria calon pemimpin negara dalam pandangan fikih siyasah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan literatur. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari bahan-bahan hukum yang mengikat yang terdiri dari perundang-undangan, keputusan pengadilan, teori hukum, buku-buku, tulisan-tulisan ilmiah dan jurnal hukum. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa kriteria calon pemimpin negara di Republik Indonesia yang tertuang dalam peraturan perundang-undangan memiliki beberapa persamaan dengan kriteria calon pemimpin menurut Fiqih Siyasah, Pemilihan presiden Republik Indonesia dalam kurun waktu sebelum tahun 2009 dilaksanakan dengan konsep Bay’at Ahl al-Hall wa al-‘Aqd, pemilihan presiden dilakukan di dalam musyawarah para wakil rakyat yang berada di dalam Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR), diangkat oleh majelis, dan ketika berakhir masa jabatan akan dimintai laporan pertanggung jawaban kepada majelis yang mengangkatnya. Pemilihan presiden Republik Indonesia, dalam kurun waktu sesudah tahun 2009 dilakukan dengan cara pemilihan langsung melalui pemilu, semua lapisan masyarakat yang mempunyai hak pilih bisa menentukan pilihannya secara langsung, tidak lagi melalui perwakilan oleh wakil rakyat. Tetapi kelemahannya  presiden terpilih tidak dimintai laporan pertanggung jawaban di akhir masa jabatan. Kata kunci : Kriteria calon pemimpin, mekanisme, fiqih siyasah. 

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