scholarly journals Purposes of punishment by deprivation of liberty

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Yuriy V. Tryncevski
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Criminal Punishment

The purpose of the study is to raise questions about the purposes of criminal punishment in the form of deprivation of liberty, taking into account new realities, including new technologies. The main results of the study reflect the problems of imperfection of punishments in the form of deprivation of liberty from the point of view of achieving the purposes of crime prevention and rehabilitation of the convicted person. Conclusions are formulated regarding the discrepancy between the purposes of punishment and practice, which has negative consequences for the effectiveness of the system, its legality and the degree to which it provides justice; the need more attention to the effective communication of the purposes of punishment to offenders.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Evgenia E. Melyukhanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Criminal Punishment ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
State Activity ◽  
Entire Society

Economic and mathematical modelling is used to solve complex economic problems, one of which is to improve the economic efficiency of state activities in the field of sentencing and execution of criminal sanctions. From an economic point of view, researchers focus their attention primarily on the problem of crime. In this regard, useful from the methodological point of view is the economic-mathematical model of crime as outlined by S.A. Kolesnikov which is based on the offender behaviour model. There are three objects in the economic-mathematical model of crime. The first object is an offender, the second one is a victim possessing some asset attractive to an offender, and the third object in the model is the state which can detain and punish an offender. The author has developed and proposed an economic-mathematical model of criminal punishment. Rationality of state activity in the field of sentencing and execution of punish-ment means that the punishment is imposed and executed only if the expected costs of its imposition and execution are less than the amount of negative consequences resulting from the crime (both tangible and intangible). If criminal behaviour is rational, state activity should also be rational. Moreover, if the criminal acts on his own behalf and personally bears the risks arising from the criminal activity, the state acts on behalf of the entire society and may not be exposed to excessive risks and unreasonable costs in the process of punishment. Therefore the rational criminal activity of citizens must be contrasted with the rational punitive activity of the state. In order to rationalise the punitive activity of the state, an economic-mathematical model of criminal punishment should be developed. If the economic-mathematical model of crime is based on the theory of expected utility, then the economic-mathematical model of criminal punishment should be based on the theory of costs, because state activities involving punishment are inevitably accompanied by certain costs. Moreover, there are negative consequences (both tangible and intangible) that result from the crime, which also constitute a cost to society. In conclusion, the author concludes that the economic-mathematical model of criminal punishment makes it possible to determine the efficiency of the state's activities in prescribing and enforcing punishment, therefore, it can be used in the law enforcement activities of state authorities.

scholarly journals Sustainable Electric Personal Mobility: The Design of a Wireless Charging Infrastructure for Urban Tourism

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1270
Author(s):  
Sung Il Kwag ◽  
Uhjin Hur ◽  
Young Dae Ko
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urban Tourism ◽  
Electric Mobility ◽  
Wireless Charging ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Personal Mobility ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Mobility System

Though new technologies have been applied in all industries, electric mobility technology using eco-friendly energy is drawing a great deal of attention. This research focuses on a personal electric mobility system for urban tourism. Some tourism sites such as Gyeongju, Korea, have broad spaces for tourists to walk around, but the public transportation system has been insufficiently developed due to economic reasons. Therefore, personal mobility technology such as electric scooters can be regarded as efficient alternatives. For the operation of electric scooters, a charging infrastructure is necessary. Generally, scooters can be charged via wires, but this research suggests an advanced electric personal mobility system based on wireless electric charging technology that can accommodate user convenience. A mathematical model-based optimization was adopted to derive an efficient design for a wireless charging infrastructure while minimizing total investment costs. By considering the type of tourists and their tour features, optimal locations and lengths of the static and dynamic wireless charging infrastructure are derived. By referring to this research, urban tourism can handle transportation issues from a sustainable point of view. Moreover, urban tourism will have a better chance of attracting tourists by conserving heritage sites and by facilitating outdoor activities with electric personal mobility.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Surgical Training: the Past, the Present and the Future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Yiasemidou
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Surgical Training ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Surgical Services ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic and infection control measures had an unavoidable impact on surgical services. During the first wave of the pandemic, elective surgery, endoscopy, and ‘face-to-face’ clinics were discontinued after recommendations from professional bodies. In addition, training courses, examinations, conferences, and training rotations were postponed or cancelled. Inadvertently, infection control and prevention measures, both within and outside hospitals, have caused a significant negative impact on training. At the same time, they have given space to new technologies, like telemedicine and platforms for webinars, to blossom. While the recovery phase is well underway in some parts of the world, most surgical services are not operating at full capacity. Unfortunately, some countries are still battling a second or third wave of the pandemic with severely negative consequences on surgical services. Several studies have looked into the impact of COVID-19 on surgical training. Here, an objective overview of studies from different parts of the world is presented. Also, evidence-based solutions are suggested for future surgical training interventions.

LINGUOCULTURAL POTENTIAL OF EUPHEMISMS-AMULETS

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
SERGEY I. ROMANOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Target Selection ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cultural Community ◽  
Magical Power ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
Russian Linguistic ◽  
Selection Of

The article deals with a special type of euphemisms-amulets, that is, linguocultural units endowed with the function of protection. There are two types of euphemisms-amulets from the point of view of relevance: obsolete and current units. Obsolete euphemisms- amulets have targets that are not recognized as dangerous by the modern linguistic and cultural community. Current euphemisms-amulets, although not always consciously, are used by representatives of the modern Russian linguistic and cultural community to protect against something bad. The paper establishes that the use of the euphemism-amulet is based on the transla- tion of the target's representation into another cultural code. The work reveals that the euphemisms-amulets are directed not to mitigate an unwanted nomination but how to replace it. An undesirable nomination is endowed with negative magical properties, which is why the linguocultural community imposes a ban on its use. A protective cultural function is superim- posed on the euphemism. The main pragmatic explanation for the use of the euphemism- amulet is the speaker's desire not to predict an encounter with an unwanted object, which is based on belief in the magical power of the word. The factors that determine the linguocultural specificity of euphemisms-amulets are revealed. The first factor is target selection. For the Russian linguocultural community, such targets include a totemic animal, evil forces representing another world, death. The second factor is the selection of nominations for the euphemistic function, which is determined by culturally marked background knowledge, ideas, and typical practices. The communicative- pragmatic platform for the use of euphemisms-amulets is the belief in the magical power of the word, in the fact that the use of the forbidden word can lead to negative consequences (in particular, to cause the appearance of something dangerous, undesirable). The work proves that the identified cultural factors are universal, based on universal archetypes: one's own / another's, permission / prohibition, life / death. At the same time, the fact of the appearance of the euphemism-amulet, the choice of its internal form is determined by national and cultural factors.

Problematic aspects of the use of penitentiary information in the process of disclosure and investigation of crimes

2020 ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Максим Владимирович Кремлев
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference

Автор, основываясь на ранее проведенных исследованиях, определяет место и роль пенитенциарной информации в процессе раскрытия и расследования преступлений. Указывается, что пенитенциарная информация превращается в процессуальную и, соответственно, в доказательственную посредством поэтапного прохождения через комплекс действий, облеченных в формы пенитенциарного, оперативно-розыскного и процессуального законодательства. Устанавливаются наиболее уязвимые места с точки зрения содержательного наполнения и процессуального оформления получаемых в рамках режимной деятельности сведений. Таковыми выступают места «сочленения» видов деятельности. Основой для подобного рода высказывания выступает разница в нормативном регулировании, в сменяемости и целеполагании исполнителей, а также их представлении о критериях успешности выполненной работы. В качестве подтверждения выдвинутого тезиса приводится пример из правоохранительной практики использования пенитенциарной информации в процессе доказывания, имеющий негативные последствия. Предлагаются направления совершенствования получения пенитенциарной информации с целью усиления ее доказательственного потенциала. In this article, the author, based on previous research determines the place and role of penitentiary information in the process of disclosure and investigation of crimes. It is specified that penitentiary information turns into procedural and, accordingly, into proofs by means of step-by-step passing through a complex of actions exposed in forms of the penitentiary, operational-search and procedural legislation. The most vulnerable places from the point of view of substantial filling and procedural registration of the data received within regime activity are established. These are the places of “articulation” of activities. It is concluded that the basis for this kind of statement is the difference in regulatory regulation, in the turnover and goal-setting of performers, as well as their representation of the criteria for the success of the work performed. As a confirmation of the proposed thesis, an example from the law enforcement practice of using penitentiary information in the process of proving having negative consequences is given. Directions of improvement of receiving penitentiary information for the purpose of strengthening of its evidentiary potential are offered.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Self-Concept and Its Association with Problematic Use of Video Games in Spanish College Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Castro-Sánchez ◽  
Mercedes Rojas-Jiménez ◽  
Félix Zurita-Ortega ◽  
Ramón Chacón-Cuberos
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Problematic Use ◽  
The Social

Background: At present, new technologies provide numerous benefits in their correct use, while the need arises to study the consumption of some technologies, in this case, videogames, due to the negative consequences that they can cause in those subjects who have not yet consolidated their personality due to their excessive use. The study aimed to determine and establish associations between the dimensions of self-concept and the problematic use of videogames and their gender differences. Methods: A total of 525 university students participated in this study, representing 44.7% of the male gender and 55.3% of the female gender, with an average age of M = 20.80 SD = 3.12 years old. The instruments used were the CESR and AF-5 questionnaires. Results: The results reveal the association (p ≤ 0.05) between the problematic use of videogames and the dimensions of self-concept, showing that students with severe or potential problems have lower levels of self-concept. In addition, it has been found that men have more problems associated with the use of video games than women. Men have a greater physical and emotional self-concept, while women have better social self-concept. Conclusions: This study highlights the inverse association between self-concept and problematic use of video games, a fact that shows the need to develop intervention programs aimed at improving self-concept and to reduce the problematic use of video games. Likewise, the levels of self-concept reveal that men have higher scores in the emotional and physical dimension, while women stand out in the social dimension.

scholarly journals MENORES EN SITUACIÓN DE DESPROTECCIÓN ACOGIDOS EN CENTROS Y RED SOCIAL DE APOYO

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Ana I. Isidro de Pedro ◽  
Victoria De Miguel Yubero
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Network ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Apoyo Social ◽  
La Red

Abstract.MINORS IN DEPROTECTION SITUATION LIVING IN RESIDENTIAL CENTERS AND SUPPORT SOCIAL NETWORKThe present work focuses on the study of the influence of the support social network for minors in deprotection situation, because the importance that achieves the person-society relationship is irrefutable. The study deals with the Ecological Systems Theory by Bronffernbrenner, which emphasizes the importance of the influence that some agents have over the others within the support social network of the minors. Socialization is an everlasting process by which a biological being transforms into a social being belonging to a given society. If the main social agents (family, school, peer groups, media and new technologies, professionals of the social fields of the minors, etc.) do not adequately fulfill their functions, the biopsychosocial development of the institutionalized minors is at risk, having negative consequences in the rest of the agents also. Thus, it was considered and checked if the support social network is damaged in minors with protective measures. An analytical empirical research based on the positivist paradigm was performed belongs to a non-experimental methodology. The sample consisted of 104 subjects, minors with measures of protection (residents in centers) and without protection measures (residents in their family home). The measurement instrument used was the adaptation of the Functional Social Support Questionnaire by Duke-UNK and data processing was performed by using the SPSS statistical package. It was observed that minors living in a normalized family nucleus shown significantly higher scores on perceived social support than minors living in centers. Due to the dynamic nature of the socialization process, the necessity of intervene in this respect is undeniable in order to improve the biopsychosocial development of minors in lack of protection situation.Keywords: Social support; Support social network; Minors; Deprotection situationResumen.El presente trabajo se centra en el estudio de la influencia de la red social de apoyo en menores en situación de desprotección, pues es irrefutable la importancia que adquiere la relación personasociedad. El estudio gira en torno a la Teoría Ecológica de Bronffernbrenner, que enfatiza la importancia de la influencia que tienen unos agentes sobre otros dentro de la red social de apoyo de los menores. La socialización es un proceso imperecedero mediante el cual un ser biológico pasa a transformarse en un ser social propio de una sociedad determinada. Si los principales agentes sociales (familia, escuela, grupo de iguales, medios de comunicación y nuevas tecnologías, profesionales del ámbito social del menor, etc.) no cumplen sus funciones adecuadamente, el desarrollo biopsicosocial del menor institucionalizado está en riesgo, teniendo también consecuencias negativas en el resto de los agentes. Así, se planteó y se llevó a comprobación si la red social de apoyo se ve dañada en menores con medidas de protección. Se realizó una investigación empírico analítica basada en el paradigma positivista, enmarcada dentro de una metodología no experimental. La muestra estuvo conformada por 104 sujetos, menores con medidas de protección –en acogimiento residencial– y sin medidas de protección –residentes en su vivienda familiar–. El instrumento de medida utilizado fue la adaptación del Cuestionario de Apoyo Funcional de Duke-UNK y el tratamiento de datos se realizó mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS. Se observó cómo aquellos menores que viven en un núcleo familiar normalizado presentan puntuaciones significativamente mayores en el apoyo social percibido que los menores institucionalizados. Debido al carácter dinámico del proceso de socialización, es innegable la necesidad de intervenir en este aspecto para mejorar el desarrollo biopsicosocial de los menores en situación de desprotección.Palabras clave: Apoyo social, Red social de apoyo; Menores; Situación de desprotección

scholarly journals JOURNEY THROUGH “FIELDS” OF AGEING - FROM “WORLD OF ELDERS” TO “WORLDS OF SENIORS”

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Orazio Licciardello ◽  
Manuel Mauceri ◽  
Graziella Di Marco ◽  
Maria Giuseppina Cardella
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
University Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
Digital Skills

Abstract.We conducted some researches in order to explore “fields” or dimensions of elderly people’s Quality of Life (QoL), both as self-perception and hetero-perception. A set of researches were conducted in Italy and Spain, involving seniors and university students. The aim was to explore the seniors’ QoL from both their and the students’ point of view. Results showed elderly people perceived their own life better than the “other” attributed to them; they were quite good at managing Positive and Negative Emotions. Spanish university students represented more positively the elderly people’s QoL than Italian colleagues. A Positive Affect as well as an empathic attitude towards seniors affected a better representation about elderly people’s QoL. Another set of studies was focused on the elderly people’s QoL and New Technologies (NTs) as these may offer opportunities both to maintain an independent lifestyle and to being involved in relevant activities. Most participants had nor any digital skills neither prejudices on the NTs; the perceived QoL was quite positive; Self-Efficacy believes were really high. The QoL was affected only by Self-Efficacy. A workshop was held, involving a small group of both disabled and healthy seniors; it was focused on the NTs, as tools to promote an active citizenship. After Training our seniors improved their Digital Skills and their own Quality of Life. In the end, a study was conducted in order to verify how both empathy (Empatic Concern; Perspective Taking), Theory on Mind (RMET) and contact worked well to improve QoL levels attributed to elders by a group of university students. On an applicative plan, empathy and TOM should represent the backdrop in supervised experiences of contact between students and elders. Further research will be conduct on this path.Key-Words: Active ageing; Quality of Life; Social Representations; Contact; Empathy.

scholarly journals Business ideas in start-ups

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 01063
Author(s):  
Štefan Slávik
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Start Ups

Start-up is a modern entrepreneurship form designed to realize original business ideas, mostly based on new technologies and the Internet. It evolves in the development cycle, which is determined by the business idea development cycle and the financing cycle. The purpose of the paper is to describe and analyse the business idea. The business idea is characterized by its content, circumstances of its origin, degree of originality and evidence of this originality. Start-ups are dominated by business ideas based on the application of information and communication technologies, the business idea is most often created by combining professional and business experience, but its originality is from the international point of view only average and the level of legal protection is quite rare.

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