scholarly journals Basal cell skin cancer: modern clinical and diagnostic aspects and the role of early diagnostics

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
G. N. Tarasenko ◽  
N. G. Kolenko ◽  
Yu. G. Tarasenko
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Skin Tumor ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Early Diagnostics ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnostic Aspects

Skin cancer is the leading cancer type (12.6%) in both men and women in Russian Federation. Basal cell skin cancer is the most common non-melanoma, malignant epithelial skin tumor. The identification of skin tumors in the early stages is one of the priority purposes of modern medicine because it facilitates the radical treatment of these diseases. Notably, an examination by a dermatologist should be performed in conjunction with non-invasive diagnostic methods.

scholarly journals Biological autoluminescence for assessing oxidative processes in yeast cell cultures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Vahalová ◽  
Kateřina Červinková ◽  
Michal Cifra
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractNowadays, modern medicine is looking for new, more gentle, and more efficient diagnostic methods. A pathological state of an organism is often closely connected with increased amount of reactive oxygen species. They can react with biomolecules and subsequent reactions can lead to very low endogenous light emission (biological autoluminescence—BAL). This phenomenon can be potentially used as a non-invasive and low-operational-cost tool for monitoring oxidative stress during diseases. To contribute to the understanding of the parameters affecting BAL, we analyzed the BAL from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a representative eukaryotic organism. The relationship between the BAL intensity and the amount of reactive oxygen species that originates as a result of the Fenton reaction as well as correlation between spontaneous BAL and selected physical and chemical parameters (pH, oxygen partial pressure, and cell concentration) during cell growth were established. Our results contribute to real-time non-invasive methodologies for monitoring oxidative processes in biomedicine and biotechnology.

scholarly journals Non-invasive diagnostic methods of the liver fibrosis in patients with overweigh and obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-245
Author(s):  
Nadiia Gavryliuk ◽  
Ihor Hospodarskyy ◽  
Oksana Prokopchuk ◽  
Olga Namisniak ◽  
Mykhailo Havrylyuk
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Rate Of Progression

One of the biggest problems of modern medicine is the difficulty in early diagnostic and effective treatment of HCV infection due to its wide distribution, latent form and terrible consequences as a formation of liver cirrhosis (CP) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is important to mention, that the rate of progression of liver fibrosis. It is an important medical and social problem that the number of patients with NAFLD, overweight and obesity is constantly increases [9]. Due to the high prevalence of NAFLD and CHC, these two pathologies will progress and contribute to the progression of fibrosis, and depending on the genome of the virus and metabolic syndrome. There is a high risk of developing CP and HCC even after achieving a stable virological response.The main aim of our investigation was to assess the stages of fibrosis by using non-invasive methods for patients with overweight and obesity who being treated for HCV infection (with posthepatic fibrosis).

Geographic Pathology of Skin Cancer

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-122
Author(s):  
Robert Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Sun Exposure

Background: The development of knowledge concerning the role of sun exposure in causing skin cancer has been a gradual one. Objective: This article reviews the article by Urbach who used manikin coated with an ultraviolet dosimeter to see exactly where on the head and neck the exposure was greatest. Conclusion: Urbach showed that the areas of greatest sun exposure on his manikins corresponded with the location of 95% of squamous cell carcinoma and 66% of basal cell carcinoma. He also clearly showed the importance of scattered sky and reflected radiation.

scholarly journals Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Follow-Up: The Current Status and Possible Role of Extracellular Vesicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline Oeyen ◽  
Lucien Hoekx ◽  
Stefan De Wachter ◽  
Marcella Baldewijns ◽  
Filip Ameye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Urine Cytology ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Urinary Biomarkers ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Diagnostic methods currently used for bladder cancer are cystoscopy and urine cytology. Cystoscopy is an invasive tool and has low sensitivity for carcinoma in situ. Urine cytology is non-invasive, is a low-cost method, and has a high specificity but low sensitivity for low-grade urothelial tumors. Despite the search for urinary biomarkers for the early and non-invasive detection of bladder cancer, no biomarkers are used at the present in daily clinical practice. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recently studied as a promising source of biomarkers because of their role in intercellular communication and tumor progression. In this review, we give an overview of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved urine tests to detect bladder cancer and why their use is not widespread in clinical practice. We also include non-FDA approved urinary biomarkers in this review. We describe the role of EVs in bladder cancer and their possible role as biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of bladder cancer patients. We review recently discovered EV-derived biomarkers for the diagnosis of bladder cancer.

scholarly journals Myocardial fibrosis and atrial fibrillation

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Grigoryan ◽  
L. G. Azarapetyan ◽  
K. G. Adamyan
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteases ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Atrial Fibrosis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Level Measurement

Atrial fibrillation is the most prevalent arrhythmia, and tends to progress. Any structural changes in the heart may lead to its progressive remodelling with increased deposition of connective tissue and fibrosis. Predominance of collagen types I and III synthesis over its degradation leads to accumulation of fibers and to fibrosis. Increase of atrial fibrosis is usually found on autopsy and biopsy. There is relation revealed, of atrial fibrosis grade and postsurgery atrial fibrillation. The mechanisms participating in the structural remodelling and progression of atrial fibrosis are not studied well enough, but there is known role of renin-angiotensinaldosterone system, transforming growth factor, inflammation and matrix metalloproteases. As an alternative, one should consider non-invasive diagnostic methods: magnetic resonance imaging of the heart and biomarkers level measurement. Hyperactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system facilitates structural remodelling of the heart and progression of atrial fibrosis. Hyperexpression of the transforming growth factor leads to selective atrial fibrosis, heterogeneity of excitation conduction and fibrillation onset. Matrix metalloproteases are the marker of extracellular degradation. Study of fibrosis biomarkers makes it to increase significantly the efficacy of atrial fibrillation course prediction.

Role of molecular signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Maria A. Shalina ◽  
Maria I. Yarmolinskaya ◽  
Elena A. Netreba ◽  
Alexandra K. Beganova
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Non Invasive

The prevalence of genital endometriosis and adenomyosis, in particular, is tending to increase. The lack of a complete understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms and multifactorial causes of adenomyosis, the low effectiveness of existing drug therapy, and the importance of preserving reproductive function make it necessary to further study the pathogenesis of the disease, search for new non-invasive highly informative diagnostic methods and develop a new strategy for pathogenically based drug therapy. The review presents current data on the role of signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of the development of adenomyosis based on domestic and foreign literature sources retrieved from the electronic databases PubMed, CyberLeninka, and Google Scholar in the period from 1999 to 2020. Considerable emphasis is placed on the discussion of the research results in recent years. Based on the analysis, the role of transforming growth factor (TGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), dual-specificity protein phosphatase (PTEN), Notch receptors, and eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) in the signaling of adenomyosis is presented. Further advanced study of signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis will allow developing highly specific and highly sensitive markers for non-invasive diagnostics, as well as new directions for drug treatment of the disease.

scholarly journals Role of Dermoscopy in the Assessment of Basal Cell Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Ungureanu ◽  
Ioana Cosgarea ◽  
Simona Şenilǎ ◽  
Alina Vasilovici
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ablative Therapies ◽  
Vascular Structures

Basal cell carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in white people, with a continuous increase worldwide. Dermoscopy, a non-invasive technique, allows early diagnosis based on the presence of typical vascular structures, pigmented structures, and ulceration and the absence of specific melanocytic structures. Moreover, dermoscopy is useful in basal cell carcinoma management, enabling the differentiation between multiple histological subtypes, between pigmented and non-pigmented variants and allowing a more accurate assessment of surgical margins. After non-ablative therapies, dermoscopy allows the accurate detection of residual disease. The purpose of this review is to highlight the dermoscopic features encountered in basal cell carcinoma and to outline the role of dermoscopy for diagnosis and therapeutic response in this cancer.

scholarly journals Circulating MicroRNAs as Novel Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Osteosarcoma: A Systematic Review

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1432
Author(s):  
Thaís Borges Gally ◽  
Milena Magalhães Aleluia ◽  
Grasiely Faccin Borges ◽  
Carla Martins Kaneto
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Number Of Publications

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a fast-progressing bone tumor with high incidence in children and adolescents. The main diagnostic methods for OS are imaging exams and biopsies. In spite of the several resources available for detecting the disease, establishing an early diagnosis is still difficult, resulting in worse prognosis and lower survival rates for patients with OS. The identification of novel biomarkers would be helpful, and recently, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been pointed to as possible non-invasive biomarkers. In order to assess the effectiveness of miRNA research, we performed a systematic review to assess the potential role of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for OS diagnosis. We performed a search in various databases—PubMed, LILACS (Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), VHL (Virtual Health Library), Elsevier, Web of Science, Gale Academic One File—using the terms: “Circulating microRNAs” OR “plasma microRNAs” OR “serum microRNAs” OR “blood microRNAs” OR “cell-free microRNAs” OR “exosome microRNAs” OR “extracellular vesicles microRNAs” OR “liquid biopsy” AND “osteosarcoma” AND “diagnostic”. We found 35 eligible studies that were independently identified and had had their quality assessed according to Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) guidelines. Despite the useful number of publications on this subject and the fact that several microRNAs showed excellent diagnostic performance for OS, the lack of consistency in results suggests that additional prospective studies are needed to confirm the role of circulating miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers in OS.

scholarly journals The role of chest ultrasound in diagnosing invasive fungal infections in acute leukemia patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria NEAGU ◽  
◽  
Ana-Maria VLĂDĂREANU ◽  
Horia BUMBEA ◽  
Diana CÎŞLEANU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Chest Ultrasound

Acute leukemia patients are the category of highest risk to develop invasive fungal infections, have high morbidity and mortality rates related to these complications. The diagnosis of these infections must be accurate and early. That is the main reason for searching non-invasive, fast, available and low cost diagnostic methods. Imagistic diagnosis is essential, computer tomography is the gold standard. Chest ultrasound has most of these characteristics, offers valuable informations and they are accurate when compared to the chest tomography results. The decision to initiate antifungal therapy is significantly better than the empirical therapy, having lower mortality rate among these patients.

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