scholarly journals The use of myosalvarsan in infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1237-1237
Author(s):  
A. Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Intramuscular Injections

Waldeyer (Derm. Ztschr. Bd. 56, H. 5, 29), given that it is often impossible for infants to use Neo preparations intravenously, tried intramuscular injections of myosalvarsan in the treatment of 27 syphilitic children. The dose, depending on the age, weight and constitution of the patient, was dissolved in minimal amounts of destil. water, and injections were made every 5-8 days of treatment; a total of 12-15 injections were made during the course. Three children out of 27 died (11.2%) and a. He sees the cause of death not in the drug, but in the weakness of children with congenital syphilis, who usually die from extraneous infections. Based on his observations, the author believes that in myosalvarsan we have a remedy that is not irritating and does not have side effects. The use is very simple. When properly dosed, it should be included in the anti-syphilitic arsenal in the treatment of lues in infants.

Congenital syphilis as a cause of death in a newborn in 31st week of pregnancy – significance of testing for syphilis during pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-245
Author(s):  
Lukáš Čapek ◽  
◽  
Aleš Toman
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Primigravid Woman ◽  
Objective Description ◽  
Level Hospital

Summary: Objective: Description of a case of newborn death after acute caesarean section in 31st week of pregnancy because of mother’s syphilitic infection. Results: Fifteen-years-old primigravid woman in 31st week of pregnancy was admitted to a secondary level hospital due to a high risk of preterm labor. The pregnancy was terminated with an acute caesarean section because of pathological cardiotocograph record. The newborn died after 35 min of resuscitation. Blood samples from the umbilical cord and mother’s blood taken by her gynecologist were positive for syphilis. In cooperation with a dermatologist, the treatment has been provided and reported to the National Referential Laboratory. The autopsy of the newborn had found severe pneumonia, necrotic lymphadenitis and pyocele. Conclusion: The diagnosis of congenital syphilis had been determined after the death of a preterm delivered newborn. Resuscitation had no chance to success because of syphilitic damage of the lungs.

Treatment of congenital syphilis according to Müller

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-358
Author(s):  
V. Redlich
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Intramuscular Injections

Each course of treatment lasts 12 weeks and consists of 4 periods, each of 3 weeks, during which the patient receives 3 intramuscular injections of calomel and 3 intravenous injections of neosalvarsan.

PENICILLIN THERAPY OF LATE CONGENITAL SYPHILIS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-616
Author(s):  
RALPH V. PLATOU ◽  
JOHN T. KOMETANI
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Total Dosage ◽  
Intramuscular Injections ◽  
Interstitial Keratitis ◽  
Penicillin Therapy

Though no valid comparisons can be made until more patients have been treated and followed for a longer time, it seems to us that penicillin used alone is at least as effective as any other single agent for the treatment of late congenital syphilis. To what extent treatment or time alone contribute to improvements cannot yet be stated. Most of the clinical and serologic indications of healing developed rather slowly; in only a few patients with the most superficial lesions were there objective signs of improvement during therapy. The treatment schedules we employed are similar to those previously recommended for infants. At present we advise a total dosage comprising at least 100,000 units commercial penicillin per kilogram body weight, divided into 100 equal intramuscular injections and given at two to three hour intervals around the clock for eight or more days. Therapeutic reactions, entirely febrile in nature, have all been transient and benign. There were no deaths. We believe that the simplicity, safety and convenience of these plans make them preferable to the more costly, hazardous, and time-consuming older methods; further-more, they effectively curtail the appallingly high delinquency rates formerly prevailing. Results were significantly better for children treated under six years of age than they were for older children, and also for those who had normal spinal fluid before treatment; they were suggestively but not significantly better among those for whom the larger dosage schedules were used. Outcome was significantly worse in those who had received previous treatment of any sort. There were just three relapse—two defined only serologically, and one by a questionable recurrence of interstitial keratitis. About a quarter of those with latent congenital syphilis have become seronegative. The poorest results ensued for patients with clinical neurosyphilis; two children from this group continued to exhibit definite deterioration. For interstitial keratitis, results were most gratifying in two patients treated within a month of onset. Seventy-two per cent of all patients with late congenital syphilis so far treated with penicillin and followed for more than two months are clinically well and have negative serologic reactions or progressively declining titers.

Efficacy and Costs of Patient-controlled Analgesia versus Regularly Administered Intramuscular Opioid Therapy 

1998 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1377-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manon Choiniere ◽  
Brian E. Rittenhouse ◽  
Sylvie Perreault ◽  
Daniel Chartrand ◽  
Pierre Rousseau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Patient Controlled Analgesia ◽  
Nursing Time ◽  
Intramuscular Injections

Background Many studies have shown the efficacy of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). However, it is not clear whether PCA has clinical or economic benefits in addition to efficient analgesia. The current study was designed to evaluate these issues by comparing PCA with regularly administered intramuscular injections of opioids after hysterectomy. Methods This prospective study included 126 patients who underwent abdominal hysterectomy and were randomly assigned to receive PCA or regularly timed intramuscular injections of morphine during a period of 48 h. Doses were adjusted to provide satisfactory analgesia in both treatment groups. Pain at rest and with movement, functional recovery, drug side effects, and patient satisfaction were measured using rating scales and questionnaires. The costs of PCA and intramuscular therapy were calculated based on personnel time and drug and material requirements. Results Comparable analgesia was observed with the two treatment methods, with no significant differences in the incidence of side effects or patient satisfaction. The medication dosage had to be adjusted significantly more frequently in the intramuscular group than in the PCA patients. The PCA did not favor a faster recuperation time compared with intramuscular therapy in terms of times to ambulation, resumption of liquid and solid diet, passage of bowel gas, or hospital discharge. The results of the economic evaluation, which used a cost-minimization model and sensitivity analyses, showed that PCA was more costly than regular intramuscular injections despite the fact that no costs for the pump were included in the analyses. Cost differences in nursing time favoring PCA were offset by drug and material costs associated with this type of treatment. Conclusions Compared with regularly scheduled intramuscular dosing, PCA is more costly and does not have clinical advantages for pain management after hysterectomy. Because of the comparable outcomes, the general use of PCA in similar patients should be questioned.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis and lactic acidosis as causes of death in adult patients from a regional hospital in Johannesburg

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ntambwe Malangu ◽  
Maryet Mogashoa
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Lactic Acidosis ◽  
South African ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Collection Form

Background: Tuberculosis and adverse effects have been shown to affect both the quality of life and the survival of patients on antiretroviral treatment. This study sought to investigate the causes of death in a sample of adult HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral treatment at Thembisa Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted by examining the charts of 498 adult patients treated from January 2004 to December 2006 at the antiretroviral clinic of a regional hospital in Johannesburg. A data collection form was used to collate both sociodemographic and clinical data.Results: The majority of the patients were female (71.7%) with a mean age of 37.7 ± 11.6 years, and in the age group of 18–77 years. The greater number of the patients was South African citizens, with only 2.2% citizens of other Southern African countries. At baseline, 29.9% had been on anti-tuberculosis treatment. Most of the patients had been prescribed the regimen comprising stavudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine or efavirenz; two of them (0.4%) were on the second line regimen made of zidovudine, didanosine, and lopinavir–ritonavir. At least one side effect was documented in 82.1% of patients; the ten most documented side effects were skin rashes (62.9%), peripheral neuropathy (48.4%), headaches (38.2%), chest pain (21.9%), coughing (21.7%), anaemia (21.5%), diarrhoea (19.3%), vomiting (16.7%), dizziness (15.3%), and lactic acidosis (11.2%). A mortality rate of 3.6% was recorded during the 2-year study period. Although the cause of death was undetermined in 11.1% of patients, 50.0% and 38.9% of deaths respectively were a consequence of tuberculosis and lactic acidosis.Conclusions: In addition to tuberculosis, side effects in particular, lactic acidosis was the other main cause of death in patients treated at the study site. These findings suggest that patients on regimens containing drugs that cause lactic acidosis should be closely monitored when the first complaints suggesting lactic acidosis are reported or noticed.

scholarly journals A review on nutraceuticals: A healthy way to treat brain cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-348
Author(s):  
Samiksha Marotrao Nikam ◽  
Yash Rajkumar Menghani ◽  
Millind Janraoji Umekar
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Health And Disease

A Balanced body is important for good health and for balancing the state of body, healthy food is necessary. Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells which upon time worsen and turns into tumor and as it is a leading cause of death worldwide, it is so important to research and find alternative treatments for the management of cancer. Nutraceuticals are known as alternative approach for the control of cancer. Nutraceuticals has many health benefits, and now known as the future of treatment for various health diseases. It has shown to elicit anti-aging, anti-cancer and other health enhancing effects. Nutraceuticals also have significant promise in the promotion of human health and disease prevention. Since, the present cancer treatment has various side effects, the benefits of these nutraceuticals may result in approaches to improve human health in a alternate way. In this review, we highlighted the etiology, diagnosis, pathogenesis of brain cancer along with treatment by using nutraceuticals.

Thirty-day mortality rates after immunotherapy initiation

Immunotherapy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Sütcüoğlu ◽  
Ayşegül İlhan ◽  
Seher Yıldız Tacar ◽  
Deniz Can Güven ◽  
Gökhan Uçar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Palliative Therapy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Thromboembolic Events ◽  
Tertiary Referral ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Referral Hospitals ◽  
Line Of Therapy

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the cause of death in patients who died within 30 days after the first dose of immunotherapy. Methods: The data of 1432 patients treated with immunotherapy in six tertiary referral hospitals were retrospectively analyzed. Results: It was determined that 34 (2%) of the patients died within 30 days after the first dose of immunotherapy. Death occurred in all patients who received palliative therapy, and most patients (88%) received immunotherapy as second- or subsequent-line of therapy. The most common cause of death was disease progression and thromboembolic events. Conclusion: Preliminary results of the current study might give some clues to define the patient population in whom the fatal side effects of immunotherapy might be encountered.

Fertility of heifers and suckled cows inseminated at predetermined intervals after treatment with prostaglandin F2α

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Hafs ◽  
J. G. Manns ◽  
P. D. P. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Intramuscular Injections ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Sources Of Variation

SUMMARYHeifers and suckled cows in 34 herds were included in a field trial using prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) to control ovulation. Oestrus was induced by two intramuscular injections of PGF2α 10–12 days apart in 592 animals. Of these, 264 were inseminated once at 80 h and 328 were inseminated twice, at 70 and 88 h, after the second injection of PGF2α. Pregnanoy was confirmed by palpation or by calving without further insemination. After adjustment for independent sources of variation in fertility, estimated true pregnancy rates were 59·6 ± 3·0% for cattle inseminated once, and 61·3 ± 2·7% for those inseminated twice at one oestrus, compared with 66·4 ± 3·2% for 220 animals allowed to cycle normally in the same herds (controls).In a sub-sample of 538 animals, semen usage was 15% higher for the treated group inseminated once and 107% higher for the group inseminated twice, than for the controls. The breeding season extended over about 80 days for the control groups, and about 30 days for the treated groups.No side effects attributable to prostaglandin were observed among the treated cattle.

scholarly journals Determining the Cause of Death Among Drug Addicts in Residential Rehab Campuses in Tehran

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 33606-33606
Author(s):  
Shahram Jahanmanesh ◽  
◽  
Sareh Farhadi ◽  
Fares Najari ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Pulmonary Hemorrhage ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Drug Side Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tissue Samples

Background: Determining the cause of death among drug addicts in Residential Rehab Campuses (RRCs) is of paramount importance, since it may prevent and reduce morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, the present study was done to investigate the cause of death among drug addicts in RRCs in Kahrizak Dissection Hall, Tehran Province, Iran, from September 2011 to September 2019. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a total number of 166 drug addicts, who had died in the RRCs located in Tehran, Iran were examined, and the findings were analyzed using the SPSS v. 26. Moreover, the Chi-square test was utilized to compare the results. Results: In this study, the most important causes of death, were infections, drug side effects, Myocardial Infarction (MI), and drowning, respectively. The highest frequency of death had occurred in the 31-40-year-old age group and was mostly observed in unmarried individuals. The most common causes of death were infection among the single and divorced ones and were MI for married cases. Toxicological results were generally negative in 60.84% of the cases. Also, 86.74% of the cases were non-pathological with regard to the brain tissue samples and 65.66% of the individuals had no pathological cardiac lesions. Besides, the most common microscopic findings of the lungs were associated with pulmonary edema. In the trauma group and also drug side effects and drowning groups, the most frequent pathological findings were pulmonary hemorrhage and pulmonary edema, respectively. As a whole, 69.87% of the deaths had occurred in the RRCs and 55.42% of them were assumed natural in terms of mode of occurrence. Conclusion: The majority of the deaths in the RRCs should not have occurred if the given centers were authorized and the illegal centers were closed. Moreover, these centers should have proper management with the presence of resident physicians and trained medical staff as well as necessary medical equipment, proper nutrition, no access to drugs and other illicit substances, along with adherence to hygienic principles to minimize mortality rates among the drug addicts living in the RRCs.

scholarly journals Screening the MMV Open Access Pathogen box unveils novel and potent inhibitors of Amoebiasis agent: Entamoeba histolytica

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufin Marie Kouipou Toghueo ◽  
Darline Dize ◽  
Benoît Laleu ◽  
Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou ◽  
Eugenie Aimee Madiesse Kemgne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Almost All

AbstractAmoebiasis caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica remains a major public health hazard, as being the second cause of death among parasitic infections. Although currently prescribed drugs have shown to be effective in the treatment of amoebiasis, side effects and emergence of parasites resistance prompted the search for novel drug to control this disease. In this regard, the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) Pathogen Box library of selected compounds was screened to identify anti-Entamoeba histolytica agents using the resazurin based fluorescence assay. Overall, the results revealed three novel anti-Entamoeba histolytica scaffolds with low micromolar activity including MMV675968 (IC50 = 2.10 µM), MMV688179 (IC50 = 2.38 µM) and MMV688844 (IC50 = 5.63 µM). Structure-Activity-Relationship (SAR) studies led to identification of two analogs ∼100 fold more potent and selective than the original hit compound 1 (MMV675968): 1k (IC50 = 0.043 µM) and 1l (IC50 = 0.055 µM). Predictive analysis using Maestro 11.6 suggested that these hit compounds possess acceptable physicochemical and metabolism properties. These lead compounds are therefore good starting points for lead optimization studies towards identification of drug candidate against amoebiasis.Author SummaryDiarrhoea is a leading cause of death for millions of children worldwide. One of the top 15 causes of severe diarrhoea is Entamoeba histolytica, causing amoebiasis. What makes E. histolytica dangerous is its ability to disseminate easily through a given population via contaminated food and water supplies. Moreover, E. histolytica is quite comfortable in the environment, difficult to kill with chorine and infect people at a very low dose, making it a priority pathogen to eradicate. Many drugs have been developed so far to cure this infection. However, they are not efficient enough to control the disease due to pathogen resistance that is becoming a big issue. In addition to that, almost all the drugs in use are highly toxic to human causing several side effects upon medications. Therefore, new, more efficient and less toxic drugs are urgently needed for the better management of amoebiasis. Since the development of a new drug takes years, repurposing existing drugs has been shown to shortcut the process and boost the discovery rate of new medicines. Using this same approach, we have identified two compounds that potently inhibit E. histolytica and are nontoxic that can enter the drug discovery pipeline for new amoebicidal drug development. Moreover, these new inhibitors could also serve as starting points for the synthesis of a library of amoebicidal compounds.

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