Earnings changes before and after displacement by education level

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Education Level ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Indonesian MSME E-Commerce among the Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-277
Author(s):  
Elya Kurniawati ◽  
Immamul Huda Al Siddiq
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government ◽  
Transaction Pattern

Objective - This study aims to find out (1) how the e-commerce utilization model before and during the pandemic, (2) the influence of the level of education on the tendency to use e-commerce (3) the marketing media used before and after the Covid-19 pandemic, and ( 4) the average income of MSME actors before and after the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used is an explanative quantitative method, using a questionnaire, examining theories and policies related to Covid-19 and the application of e-commerce. Methodology/Technique – This study used a sample of 75 MSME actors and found that there was a significant increase in the use of e-commerce by Indonesian MSME actors during the Covid-19 pandemic. The use of online media in economic activities during the pandemic increased from 21.33% to 54.67%. Meanwhile, the education level of the MSME actors did not influence the decision to change the transaction pattern from offline to online with r score of 0.132. Finding – This means that this pandemic has changed the way of transactions in economic activity to its roots no matter how high the education level of the MSME actors is. The income of MSME actors has actually dropped dramatically during the pandemic, especially the period when the government implemented the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: L81, O32. Keywords: COVID-19, E-Commerce, Social Distancing, MSME Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Kurniawati, E; Siddiq, I.H.A. (2020). Indonesian MSME E-Commerce among the Covid-19 Pandemic, GATR Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review, 8(4): 267 – 277. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2020.8.4(8)

scholarly journals Indonesian MSME E-Commerce among the Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
Elya Kurniawati ◽  
Immamul Huda Al Sidiq
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government ◽  
Transaction Pattern

The Covid-19 virus pandemic has devastated all aspects of life, especially the economy. The responsibility to wear masks and physical distance has logical consequences in people's economic life. This causes the use of E-Commerce in economic activities to be a necessity. For this reason, this study aims to find out (1) how the e-commerce utilization model before and during the pandemic, (2) the influence of the level of education on the tendency to use e-commerce (3) the marketing media used before and after the Covid-19 pandemic, and ( 4) the average income of MSME actors before and after the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used is an explanative quantitative method, using a questionnaire, examining theories and policies related to Covid-19 and the application of e-commerce. This study used a sample of 75 MSME actors and found that there was a significant increase in the use of e-commerce by Indonesian MSME actors during the Covid-19 pandemic. The use of online media in economic activities during the pandemic increased from 21.33% to 54.67%. Meanwhile, the education level of the MSME actors did not influence the decision to change the transaction pattern from offline to online with r score of 0.132. This means that this pandemic has changed the way of transactions in economic activity to its roots no matter how high the education level of the MSME actors is. The income of MSME actors has actually dropped dramatically during the pandemic, especially the period when the government implemented the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy. Keywords: COVID-19, E-Commerce, Social Distancing, UMKM

scholarly journals STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF BANGLADESH EDUCATION SYSTEM BEFORE AND AFTER COVID 19

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mizanur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Performance Quality ◽  
Cost Of Education ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Education Academic ◽  
The Cost

Our Bangladesh education system has been worse after the covid 19 pandemics as today’s world is highly interconnected. The severe risk is the outbreak of this virus is not limited to the national border rather worldwide. It has created extreme unfavorable pressure regardless of education level, gender or income. In this research paper, our main objective was to discover the condition of the Bangladesh education system before and after the pandemic. In our country, after the surge of covid 19, the outcome of the unemployment problem, Cost of education, academic performance, Quality of teaching, has been altered undoubtedly. The data was collected from students of Dhaka and Chittagong cities. In our study, 52% of respondents were male, and 48% were male. The age proportion of the majority of the students (57%) is from 20-30. The education level of 85% of respondents is Graduation and Post-graduation. 48% of respondents are satisfied current education system of Bangladesh, but 40% of respondents are not satisfied as they perceive that the current education system of Bangladesh needs to be changed. Independent variables have been selected for this research. Our prominent was to identify how the variables impacted Bangladesh education system In Chittagong city, 57% of respondents believe that after the COVID pandemic, the Cost of education has been decreased. On the other hand, in Dhaka city, 67% of respondents convince that the Cost of education was declined. In the lockdown period, 50% of students of Chittagong city had spent most of the valuable time developing skills, whereas 34% of students in Dhaka city spent their time developing skills. For descriptive statistics, Bar chart, column chart, pie chart, etc., was used. For inferential statistics, Minitab and Excel were used. All of the three variables are categorical. A Chi-square test was performed to estimate the relationship between variables Bangladesh education systems. KEYWORDS: Worse, COVID 19 pandemic, Unemployment, Unethical

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccination Did Not Change the Personal Protective Behaviors of Healthcare Workers in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Hao Lei ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Tianyi Jin ◽  
Xiyue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Personal Protective Behaviors

Personal protective behaviors of healthcare workers (HCWs) and dynamic changes in them are known to play a major role in the hospital transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this study, 1,499 HCWs in Chinese hospitals completed an online survey about their knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and their personal protective behaviors before and after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Of all the respondents, 89% were vaccinated at the time of the survey and 96% believed that the vaccine was effective or highly effective. Further, 88% of the vaccinated HCWs expressed that they would get revaccinated if the vaccination failed. Compared with HCWs with a lower education level, those with a higher education level had less fear of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 and reported a lower negative impact of the pandemic on how they treated patients. Physicians and nurses were willing to believe that short-range airborne and long-range fomite are possible transmission routes. HCWs with a higher education level had a better knowledge of COVID-19 but worse personal protective behaviors. The fact that HCWs with a longer work experience had worse personal protective behaviors showed that HCWs gradually relax their personal protective behaviors over time. Moreover, vaccination reduced the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on how the HCWs treated patients. Importantly, the survey revealed that after vaccination, HCWs in China did not relax their personal protective behaviors, and it may bring a low potential risk for following waves of variant virus (e.g., delta).

scholarly journals Penggunaan tongue scraper dan kebersihan gigi dan mulut setelah penyuluhan pada anak Panti Asuhan Ashabul Kahfi Makassar Using tounge scraper and oral-dental hygiene after counseling at children of orphanage Ashabul Kahfi Makassar

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Idham Idham ◽  
Rifaat Nurrahma ◽  
Rasmidar Samad
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Dental Hygiene ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Tongue Coating ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tongue Cleaning ◽  
And Gender

Tongue cleaning is a simple and quick procedure to eliminate organisms and debris on tongue. Tongue cleaning canbe performed by using a tongue scraper. This study was conducted to determine the correlation between the index ofOHI-S and tongue coating, and explain the knowledge of oral hygiene and a tongue scraper tongue at an orphanage inMakassar. Subjects were children of orphanage Ashabul Kahfi, who attend and agree to all the procedures. Dentalhygiene assessed by OHI-S index and examination of the tongue by tongue coating index. A total of 24 boys and 16girls were given questionnaires before and after counseling. The results showed no significant correlation between thetwo indices (p=0.382). Distribution of the questionnaire answers showed increased correct answers after givingcounseling. However, based on the level of education and gender, showed no significant differences in knowledgeregarding the cleanliness of the tongue and a tongue scraper (p=0.858, p=0.486). Significant differences were also seen in the comparison group who use and do not use a tongue scraper. It was concluded that there was no significantcorrelation between OHI-S index and tongue coating, but counseling would increase knowledge of the child orphanageAshabul Kahfi although there was no difference in knowledge regarding the cleanliness of the tongue and a tonguescraper based on education level and gender.

scholarly journals Active learning method for health life implementation in new normal era in Tanjung Sari Medan

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 538-545
Author(s):  
Tri Widyawati ◽  
Siti Syarifah ◽  
Yunita Sari Pane ◽  
Milahayati Daulay ◽  
Dwi Rita Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Active Learning ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Education Level ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Active Learning Method

COVID-19 or Corona Virus Disease 2019 is a virus which has been endemic in 2020 worldwide and has been declared a pandemic by WHO. The spread of virus is fast sharply with an increase in cases every day, including in Medan City. Ten of the sub-districts are destined as the red zone, including Tanjung Sari Village, which is located in Medan Selayang District. The lack of health promotion related to the appropiate use of drugs and changes to a hygienic lifestyle need education in facing the life of the new normal era nowadays. Therefore, community service activities related to education using the Instant Active Learning / Cara Belajar Insan Aktif (CBIA) method need to be carried out to prevent and to deal with the spread of COVID-19. This activity was carried out by providing education materials both in the form of powerpoint and videos to twenty housewives in Tanjung Sari village. The participants were evaluated before and after the program by giving questionnaire to asses their knowledge and uderstanding. The contents of education including the COVID-19 spread prevention way, selfprotection tools, general knowledge to use medicines correctly and a hygienic lifestyle. The materials were delivered by the CBIA method. Data from evaluation were analysed by T-dependent test, p <0.05 was considered significant. The results showed that the characteristics of the participants as follows: 9 participants aged 21-30 years (45%), 17 people worked as housewives (85%), as many as 12 people having high school or vocational education level (60%). There was a significant effect on the provision of education on participants' knowledge (p <0.05). This program gained participants knowledge and understanding on prevention way of COVID-19, the correct use of medicines and hygienic lifestyle.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERBEDAAN LITERASI KEUANGAN NASABAH CREDIT UNION DAN NASABAH BAITUL MAAL WATTAMWIL (SURVEI PADA CREDIT UNION MINO MARTANI SOKARAJA DAN BAITUL MAAL WATTAMWIL MUHAMMADIYAH DANA MENTARI PURWOKERTO)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Hastin Tri Utami
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
Credit Union ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

<p><span><span>This paper aims to analyze the difference between financial literacy of Credit Union Customers who have financial education and Baitul Maal Wattamwil Customers who do not have financial education in term of behavior, knowledge and attitude. The data was collected by conducting survey. The object of this study is 60 persons consist of 30 credit union customers and 30 BMT customers. The result of this study shows that there is no significance difference between financial literacy of Credit Union Customers who have financial education and Baitul Maal Wattamwil Customers who do not have financial education in term of behavior, knowledge and attitude. This study is only to examine the difference between the financial literacy of the CU customer who has get financial education and BMT customer who has not gotten financial education. </span></span></p><p><span><span>The next study is hoped to analyze the different object before and after given financial education or different objects such as students, banking customers, and housewife. This study is only analyzing in term of three aspects; behavior, knowledge and attitude of the customers. Therefore, the further study can enhance other aspects such as gender, education level, etc. </span></span></p>

Residents’ educational attainment and preventive care utilization in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Han Lee ◽  
Timothy Chiang ◽  
Ching-Ti Liu
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Preventive Care ◽  
Health Reform ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽  
Before And After

Purpose China launched a comprehensive health reform in 2009 to improve healthcare quality. Because preventive care utilization in China has not been frequently discussed, the purpose of this paper is to focus on the association between education level and preventive care before and after the initiation of the reform. Education has been referred to as the best health outcome indicator and China’s educational reform has been progressive, such as the health reform. Design/methodology/approach The authors analyzed data from four China Health and Nutrition Surveys (CHNS): 2004 (n=9,617); 2006 (n=9,527); 2009 (n=9,873); and 2011 (n=9,430). Variables were selected based on Andersen’s healthcare utilization model (predisposing, enabling and need factors). Multivariable logistic regression models, odds ratios (ORs) and 95 percent confidence intervals (95 percent CI) were conducted and reported. Findings In the adjusted multivariable logistic regression models, the authors found that general education was associated (p<0.05) with access to preventive care in 2004, 2009 and 2011, but not in 2006. Individuals with higher education had higher ORs for utilizing preventive care, compared with lower education (primary school education or none). Practical implications Policy implications include providing educational protocols regarding preventive care’s significance to residents educated at lower level schools, especially younger individuals. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first comparative assessment on education level and preventive care utilization before and after the implementation of the Chinese health reform.

Deformation Replication

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 280-281
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Rake Face ◽  
Orthogonal Machining ◽  
Aluminum Chips ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Glass Knife ◽  
Very High

Tool materials used in ultramicrotomy are glass, developed by Latta and Hartmann (1) and diamond, introduced by Fernandez-Moran (2). While diamonds produce more good sections per knife edge than glass, they are expensive; require careful mounting and handling; and are time consuming to clean before and after usage, purchase from vendors (3-6 months waiting time), and regrind. Glass offers an easily accessible, inexpensive material ($0.04 per knife) with very high compressive strength (3) that can be employed in microtomy of metals (4) as well as biological materials. When the orthogonal machining process is being studied, glass offers additional advantages. Sections of metal or plastic can be dried down on the rake face, coated with Au-Pd, and examined directly in the SEM with no additional handling (5). Figure 1 shows aluminum chips microtomed with a 75° glass knife at a cutting speed of 1 mm/sec with a depth of cut of 1000 Å lying on the rake face of the knife.

The Clinical, Roentgenological and Morphological Effects of an Acute Exposure of Phosgene on the Lungs of Dogs

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
R. F. Bils ◽  
W. F. Diller ◽  
F. Huth
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electron Microscopes

Phosgene still plays an important role as a toxic substance in the chemical industry. Thiess (1968) recently reported observations on numerous cases of phosgene poisoning. A serious difficulty in the clinical handling of phosgene poisoning cases is a relatively long latent period, up to 12 hours, with no obvious signs of severity. At about 12 hours heavy lung edema appears suddenly, however changes can be seen in routine X-rays taken after only a few hours' exposure (Diller et al., 1969). This study was undertaken to correlate these early changes seen by the roengenologist with morphological alterations in the lungs seen in the'light and electron microscopes.Forty-two adult male and female Beagle dogs were selected for these exposure experiments. Treated animals were exposed to 94.5-107-5 ppm phosgene for 10 min. in a 15 m3 chamber. Roentgenograms were made of the thorax of each animal before and after exposure, up to 24 hrs.

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