Tratamentos Pré-Germinativos na Emergência e Desenvolvimento Inicial de Plântulas de Graviola

A graviola, Annona muricata L., produz sementes que podem apresentar dormência ocasionada pela impermeabilidade do tegumento à água, necessitando assim de métodos para superação desta. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de tratamentos pré-germinativos na emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de graviola. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com 13 tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo cada unidade experimental composta de 50 sementes. As sementes foram submetidas aos tratamentos com imersão por 30 minutos, os quais foram: água (26 °C testemunha), solução de giberelina a 1.000, 2.000, 3.000 e 4.000 mg.L-1, água com gelo em ponto de fusão (0 °C), congelador por 6 horas (-10 °C), geladeira por 24 horas (10 °C), água em ponto de ebulição (100 °C), solução de NaCl 9 g.L-1, solução de KCl 5 g.L-1, água de coco e suco de laranja. A semeadura ocorreu em tubetes 280 mL contendo substrato composto por solo+eterco bovino. Trinta dias após a semeadura (DAS) avaliou-se a porcentagem, índice de velocidade e tempo médio de emergência das plântulas. Sessenta dias após a semeadura foram avaliados: número de folhas; altura da planta; diâmetro do coleto; comprimento da raiz; massa verde foliar; massa seca foliar; massa verde e massa seca da raiz. O tratamento com giberelina de 4.000 mg.L-1 de GA3 foi o tratamento mais eficiente para induzir a emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de graviola. Palavras-chave: Annona muricata. Giberelina. Propagação. Abstract Soursop, Annona muricata L., produces seeds that may present dormancy caused by the impermeability of the integument to water, thus requiring methods to overcome it. The objective was to evaluate the effect of pre-germinative treatments on the emergence and initial development of soursop seedlings. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, with 13 treatments and four replications, each experimental unit consisting of 50 seeds. The seeds were submitted to immersion treatments for 30 minutes, which were: water (26°C control), 1.000 gibberellin solution, 2.000, 3.000 e 4.000 mg.L-1, water with ice at melting point (0 °C), freezer for 6 hours (-10 °C), refrigerator for 24 hours (10 °C), boiling water (100°C), NaCl 9 g.L-1 solution, KCl 5 g.L-1 solution, coconut water and orange juice. Sowing took place in 280 mL tubes containing substrate composed of soil + bovine manure. Thirty days after sowing (DAS), the percentage, speed index and mean seedling emergence time were evaluated. Sixty days after sowing the following items were evaluated: number of leaves; plant height; collar diameter; root length; leaf green mass; leaf dry mass; green mass and dry mass of the root. The treatment with gibberellin of 4.000 mg.L-1 of GA3 was the most efficient treatment to induce the emergence and initial development of soursop seedlings. Keywords: Annona muricate. Gibberellin. Propagation.

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Emergence and growth of maize submitted to inoculant doses associated with saline water irrigation

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632020v5066102 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

Author(s):

Hallyson Oliveira ◽

Ronaldo do Nascimento ◽

Elka Costa Santos Nascimento ◽

Robson Felipe de Lima ◽

Carlos Vailan de Castro Bezerra

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Saline Water ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Saline Water Irrigation ◽

Salt Level ◽

Leaf Dry Mass ◽

Emergence Percentage ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

The Difference

ABSTRACT Salinity, in general, affects the plant growth and development, making it a limiting problem for the agricultural production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of inoculant doses of Azospirillum brasilense on the emergence and growth of maize submitted to salinity concentrations of the irrigation water. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with a randomized blocks design, in a 3 x 5 factorial [A. brasilense doses (0.0, 0.32 and 0.48 mL/100 seeds) and levels of electrical conductivity of the water (0.3, 0.6, 1.1, 1.7 and 2.3 dS m-1)], in 4 blocks, totaling 60 experimental units. The emergence percentage, emergence speed index, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf dry mass, stem dry mass, tassel dry mass and root dry mass were evaluated. The treatments between salinity and inoculation had no effect on seedling emergence. The salinity significantly affected growth; however, the number of leaves increased in 12.8 % (V8) and 18.8 % (V10), when comparing the difference between the lowest and highest studied salinity. As for the plant height, there was an increase of 3.7 % up to the threshold salinity of the crop (1.1 dS m-1). There was an increase in the root dry mass with the application of inoculant doses at each studied salt level.

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Super absorbent polymer application in seeds and planting furrow: it will be a new opportunity for rainfed agriculture

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4p1703 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 1703 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Angélica Fátima de Barros ◽

Leonardo Duarte Pimentel ◽

Eduardo Fontes Araujo ◽

Leandro Roberto de Macedo ◽

Herminia Emilia Prieto Martinez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Crop Failure ◽

Seedling Mortality ◽

Plant Survival ◽

Initial Development ◽

Number Of Leaves

Brazil is the fourth largest grain producer in the world. Its agriculture is mainly rainfed, with two cropping seasons per year. While the first crop (i.e., spring/summer) receives greater precipitation, the second crop (i.e., autumn/winter) is associated with greater risk of crop failure mainly due to the low rainfall, suggesting that technologies that could optimize water use during that period are needed. Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) are used in the forestry sector to reduce seedling mortality and the frequency of irrigation of eucalyptus and pinus glue owing to their ability to increase water storage capacity in the soil. However, to our knowledge, very little is known about the use of PSA in annual agricultural crops. To this end, the effects of PSA, as a seed coat or applied in the planting grooves, on the initial development of sorghum seedlings under conditions of water deficit were evaluated in two experiments under greenhouse conditions. In experiment 1, sorghum seeds with and without PSA coating were seeded in trays and subjected to three irrigation intervals to induce water deficit. The percentage of emergence and emergence speed index were evaluated and, at 26 days after sowing, seedling height, number of leaves per plant, survival rate, and dry mass of shoot and root were evaluated. In experiment 2, the seeds of sorghum with and without PSA coating were sown in pots, with PSA applied in the planting grooves. At 30 days after sowing, the plant stand, number of leaves per plant, plant height, and dry matter mass of leaves, stem, and root were evaluated. The results showed that PSA applied both as a seed coat and in planting grooves increased seedling growth and dry mass of aerial parts at 26 days and 30 days for experiments 1 and 2, respectively. In addition, seed coating with PSA increased plant survival rate, but reduced the rate of seedling emergence in both experiments. Therefore, the use of PSA as a seed coat or applied in the planting groove has beneficial effects on the vegetative development of sorghum under low water conditions. Further research is needed to address the effect of PSA on seedling emergence.

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Yellow passion fruit tree sexual propagation by different mucilage extraction methods and substrates

Agronomy Science and Biotechnology ◽

10.33158/asb.2018v4i2p86 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 86

Author(s):

Adriane Assis ◽

Sergio Roberto ◽

Vitor Júnior ◽

Carla Oliveira ◽

Rodrigo Hoshino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seedling Emergence ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Stem Length ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Initial Development ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Yellow Passion Fruit

The objective of this work was to evaluate the initial development of yellow passion fruit, as a function of the method of extracting the mucilage of the seeds (washing in water, fermentation in water and fermentation in water + sugar) and substrates (carbonized rice husk, coconut fiber and vermiculite). The completely randomized design with nine treatments and five replicates, with 50 seeds was used, in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement (three mucilage extraction methods and three types of substrates). After 56 days of sowing, the following variables were evaluated seedling emergence percentage, number of leaves, leaf area, stem length and root largest length, dry mass of shoot and roots; and substrates characteristics such as pH, electric conductivity, density and water retention capacity. The emergence speed index was evaluated daily from sowing. It is verified that, except for the number of leaves and the shoot dry matter mass, the other variables were influenced by the study factors. In general, in the seeds without fermentation and fermentation in water mixed with sugar, the highest averages were obtained, regardless of the substrate used. Thus, both mucilage extraction methods and all tested substrates are indicated in the initial development of yellow passion fruit.

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Variation of Water Availability in Initial Development of Safflower

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n3p558 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 558

Author(s):

Nayara F. F. da S. Cruz ◽

Luiz A. Zanão Júnior ◽

Reginaldo F. Santos ◽

Luciene K. Tokura ◽

Laís F. J. do Nascimento ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Water Availability ◽

Root Length ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Initial Development ◽

Number Of Leaves

The availability of water is one of the most important factors for the development of the seeds. Thus, studies related to adequate humidity for germination, emergence and early development of safflowers, is necessary for the productive use of this culture. Thus, the objective of study was to evaluate the initial development of two varieties of seeds of Safflowers (IAPAR and IMA2103) in six levels of water availability in substrate: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%. At 15 days the seedling emergence were evaluate. At 30 days were evaluate plant height, root length, stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh weight of the aerial part and root, dry weight of shoot and root. The treatment without irrigation, there was decrease the emergence, emergence speed for both genotypes. Treatments above 30% of water availability in the two varieties presented emergency superior to 50%. Lower irrigation rates favored root length and dry mass.

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Trichoderma Contributes to the Germination and Seedling Development of Açaí Palm

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10100456 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 456

Author(s):

Bruno Fróes Campos ◽

Anselmo Junior Corrêa Araújo ◽

Cristina Aledi Felsemburgh ◽

Thiago Almeida Vieira ◽

Denise Castro Lustosa

Keyword(s):

Dry Mass ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Trichoderma Isolate ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Set Up ◽

Root Size ◽

Trichoderma Isolates

The application of Trichoderma fungus can be used to obtain seedlings of higher quality for plantations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Trichoderma isolates on the germination and initial growth of açaí seedlings. Two trials were set up. In the laboratory, the seeds were inoculated in suspensions prepared with each of the isolates for 24 h, and they were arranged in trays containing filter paper in a completely randomized design with five replicates containing 50 seeds each. For the control, the seeds were submerged only in water. Part of the seedlings resulting from seeds treated and not treated with Trichoderma were transferred to bags containing forest soil and were submitted to seven modes of application of Trichoderma and kept in a nursery. The speed of germination and hypocotyl were not influenced by the biological treatment. The application of the different Trichoderma isolates positively influenced the height, collar diameter, number of leaves, root size, leaf area and root, and aerial part dry mass of the açaí seedlings. The application of the Trichoderma isolate TAM01 on the preplanting substrate and biweekly applications on the postplanting substrate was the combination that most positively influenced the development of açai seedlings.

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Biostimulants isolated or integrated with paclobutrazol as tomato development triggering factors

Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.9755/ejfa.2020.v32.i4.2091 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 255

Author(s):

Talles Victor Silva ◽

Hyrandir Cabral de Melo ◽

Monita Fiori de Abreu Tarazi ◽

Luis Carlos Cunha Junior ◽

Luiz Fernandes Cardoso Campos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulator ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Volume Increase ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Leaf Dry Mass ◽

Crop Field ◽

Hormonal Balance ◽

Number Of Leaves

Plant biostimulants are substances with different chemistry or biological composition whose, when applied to plants, can favour their development mainly by enhance nutrient uptake or nutrition efficiency and also can alter plant hormonal balance. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a retardant plant growth regulator which promotes reduction on stem internodes culminating in shorter plants. The integration of both, biostimulants and PBZ, can lead better development of plants by at same time favour the nutrition performance of shorter plants. Although some farmers already have used these substances in crop field, alone or in combination, there is a great lack of scientific studies to verify the real efficiency of the biostimulants available in market. The aim of this study was to study the effect of different biostimulants on the morphometrical and physiological aspects of tomato when applied in combination or not with paclobutrazol in Solanum lycopersicum L., hybrid H9553. The biostimulants used were Stimulate®, Serenade®, EnerVig®, Px-Fertil®, Vorax®, Liqui-plex® and DuoOrgano+®. PBZ reduced plant height and, unlike expected, no one of the biostimulants favoured volume increase or dry mass of roots. However, all biostimulants favoured the accumulation of leaf dry mass, with no increase in the number of leaves or net photosynthetic rate per specific leaf area. When isolated, or in interaction with biostimulants, the PBZ generated stimulatory or inhibitory effect on expression of the parameters evaluated, depending on the organ and its age, and acted in synergism or antagonism with the biostimulants, depending on the substance in question.

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Magnesium Sources and Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in the Initial Development of Maize

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n7p170 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 170

Author(s):

Roberto Cecatto Júnior ◽

Vandeir Francisco Guimarães ◽

Lucas Guilherme Bulegon ◽

Anderson Daniel Suss ◽

Adriano Mitio Inigaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Initial Development ◽

Maize Seeds ◽

Seed Inoculation ◽

Leaf Dry Mass ◽

Maize Plants ◽

And Control

The aim was to evaluate the initial development of maize plants when submitted to mineral fertilization with magnesium sources in the presence or absence of seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense. To do so, was conducted an experiment in greenhouse. In the essay was adopted a randomized blocks design, in a factorial scheme 3 × 2, represented by the magnesium sources: magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), magnesium oxide (MgO) and control without Mg fertilization, in the presence or absence of inoculation with A. brasilense. The Mg sources were supplied with a dose of 30 kg ha-1, being homogenized in the substrate before sowing the crop. The analysis were carried out in the V4 stage, evaluating: basal stem diameter (BSD); relative chlorophyll content (SPAD index), leaf dry mass (LDM), stem + sheath blade dry mass (SSDM) and root dry mass (RDM). No differences were observed for the factors interaction and for the Mg sources. When considered the seed inoculation there was increases of 7.1%; 6.61%; 19.23%; 28.32%; and 15.17 %, for basal stem diameter, SPAD index, leaf dry mass, stem + sheath blade dry mass and roots, respectively. The inoculation of maize seeds with A. brasilense increases the initial development of maize plants and the SPAD index in greenhouse conditions in the V4, while the fertilization with the magnesium sources do not interfere in the maize development.

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Environment and slow-release fertilizer in the production of Euterpe precatoria seedlings

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632018v4853294 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 382-389

Author(s):

Ueliton Oliveira de Almeida ◽

Romeu de Carvalho Andrade Neto ◽

Aureny Maria Pereira Lunz ◽

Sônia Regina Nogueira ◽

David Aquino da Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Slow Release ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Slow Release Fertilizer ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Root Collar

ABSTRACT Euterpe precatoria Mart. has been demanded due to the functional characteristics of its fruits and, therefore, its planting has been encouraged. However, there is a lack of information about the seedling production system of this palm tree. Neither a favorable environment nor the amount of fertilizer in the substrate have been defined for the production of healthy and vigorous seedlings. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of environments and doses of a slow-release fertilizer on the production of E. precatoria seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with three replications and ten plants per plot. The treatments were arranged in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, with four environments (under shading levels of 20 %, 30 %, 50 % and 75 %) and five doses of a slow-release fertilizer (0.0 kg m-3, 2.5 kg m-3, 5.0 kg m-3, 7.5 kg m-3 and 10.0 kg m-3 of substrate). The seedling height; root collar diameter; number of leaves; leaf, shoot, root and total dry mass; and the Dickson quality index were analyzed. There were significant interactions between the shaded environments and slow-release fertilizer doses for all the analyzed variables. The 75 %-shaded environment yielded better quality seedlings. The slow-release fertilizer can be used to produce E. precatoria seedlings in environments under shading levels of 50 % and 75 %, being the 4.60 kg m-3 and 8 kg m-3 doses, respectively, the most recommended ones.

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Aggressiveness of Phytophthora cinnamomi in avocado seedlings and effect of pathogen inoculum concentration and substrate flooding periods on root rot and development of the plants

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452020352 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Ivan Herman Fischer ◽

Aloísio Costa Sampaio ◽

Rosemary Marques de Almeida Bertani ◽

Bruno Henrique Leite Gonçalves ◽

Eduardo Feichtenberger

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Area Index ◽

Inoculum Concentration ◽

Disease Symptoms ◽

Two Factors ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Soilless Substrate

Abstract The present study evaluated the aggressiveness of Phytophthora cinnamomi isolates and the effect of pathogen inoculum concentration and periods of substrate flooding on root rot and plant development. Twelve pathogen isolates were inoculated on the collar region of avocado seedlings with or without wounding. Only 31.3% of the inoculated plants without wounding developed lesions, compared to 100% of the plants with wounding, while the isolates showed different aggressiveness levels. Avocado seedlings had their substrate inoculated with 0, 0.1% and 1.0% (m/v) wheat seeds colonized by the pathogen per pot, and four periods of 0, 12 and 24 h substrate flooding were produced at fortnightly intervals. The assessed parameters were number of leaves per plant, collar diameter, plant height, leaf area index, visual severity percentage of infected roots, fresh mass (%) of diseased roots and dry mass of shoot and roots. Both pathogen inoculation and substrate flooding caused root rot; however, combination of these two factors produced an additional effect on disease symptoms. Root rot severity was superior to 50% when soilless substrate had 0.1% (m/v) P. cinnamomi inoculum and flooded for 12-24 h after inoculation, conditions that can be recommended for pathogenicity and disease control studies using potted avocado plants.

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Profundidade de semeadura no desenvolvimento inicial de pseudocereais

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v11i3.4269 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 182

Author(s):

Daniele Brandstetter Rodrigues ◽

Thais D'Avila Rosa ◽

Jonas Albandes Gularte ◽

Diego Cardoso de Medeiros ◽

Lilian Vanusa Madruga de Tunes

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Probability Of Error ◽

Initial Development ◽

Sowing Depth ◽

Tukey Test

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da profundidade de semeadura na emergência de plântulas de sementes de amaranto e quinoa. Foram avaliados os efeitos das profundidades de 0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,5 cm para amaranto e de 0; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5; e 4,5 cm para quinoa, obtidas por meio de anéis de pvc, com espessura equivalente a estes valores, que foram imersos no substrato para simular as profundidades de semeadura. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias, comparadas pelo teste de Tukey com 5% de probabilidade de erro. Foram realizados os testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas em bandejas, massa de matéria seca e peso de mil sementes. A profundidade de semeadura para o melhor desenvolvimento inicial indicada para amaranto é de até 1,5 cm, e para quinoa até 2,5 cm.Seeding depth in the initial development of pseudocerealsAbstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of sowing depth on emergence of amaranth and quinoa seeds seedlings. The effects of the depths of 0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.5 cm and amaranth 0; 1.5; 2.5; 3.5; quinoa and 4.5 cm, obtained from PVC rings with a thickness equivalent to these values, which were immersed in the substrate to simulate the sowing depths. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability of error. The germination tests were carried out, first count, seedling emergence on trays, dry mass and weight of a thousand seeds. The seeding depth for the initial development best suited for Amaranthus is up to 1.5 cm, and quinoa to 2.5 cm.

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