scholarly journals Haemostatic properties of Vernonia amygdalina and Chromolaena odorata leaf extracts using Wistar rat model

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Lucy Omokhegbe Matthew ◽  
Evarista Odaburhine Osime
Keyword(s):  
Protein C ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
D Dimer

BACKGROUND<br />The leaves of African plants are widely employed in Nigeria to control bleeding from wounds. This work is aimed at evaluating the haemostatic effects of Vernonia amygdalina (VA/bitter leaf) and Chromolaena odorata (CO/sunflower) leaves on some haemostatic parameters.<br /><br />METHODS<br />A laboratory study of experimental design was conducted involving 35 Wistar rats that were randomized into seven groups. Groups 1 and 2 received leaf extracts of VA at concentrations of 150 and 250mg/kg BW, respectively; groups 3 and 4 received leaf extracts of CO at 150 and 250mg/kg BW; groups 5 and 6 received combined leaf extracts of VA and CO at 150 and 250mg/kg BW, respectively, for 30 days. The last group 7 as control group received only water. Parameters investigated were clotting time (CT), fibrinogen concentration, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time test (APTT), factor VII, protein C and D – dimer.<br /><br />Results<br />There was a significant reduction in CT, fibrinogen concentration and PT in the intervention groups compared to controls (p&lt;0.01). There was no significant difference in APTT, factor VII and protein C in the intervention groups compared to the controls (p&gt;0.05). D-dimer levels were observed to increase significantly in rats treated with 150mg/kg BW of VA and 150mg/kgBW of the combined leaf extracts (VA/CO) compared to the controls (p&lt;0.05).<br /><br />Conclusion<br />The VA and CO extracts reduced CT, PT, fibrinogen concentrations and increased D-dimer levels in rats. This study suggests the possible incorporation of the leave extracts of VA and CO in bleeding diathesis as well as in coagulation studies.

Viscosity and Red Cell Deformity in Arterial Disease

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Cella ◽  
H de Haas ◽  
M Rampling ◽  
V Kakkar
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Whole Blood Viscosity ◽  
Significant Difference

Haemorrheological factors have been shown to be affected in many kings of vascular disease. The present study was undertaken to correlate these factors in normal subjects and patients suffering from peripheral arterial disease. Twenty-two patients were investigated; they had moderate or severe intermittent claudication, extent of disease being confirmed by aorto-arteriography and ankle-systolic pressure studies. Twenty-five controls with no symptoms or signs of arterial disease were selected with comparable age and sex distribution. Whole blood viscosity was measured at shear rates of 230 secs-1 and 23 secs-lat 37°c using a Wells Brookfield cone plate microvisco meter. Plasma viscosity was also measured in an identical manner. Erythrocyte flexibility was measured by centrifuge technique and fibrinogen concentration as well as haematocrit by standard techniques. The fibrinogen concentration appeared to be the only significant parameter; the mean concentration in patients with peripheral vascular disease of 463 ± 73mg/l00ml in the control group ( < 0.05). Although whole blood viscosity was high in patients, when corrected to a common haematocrit, there was no significant difference between patients and controls. The same megative correlation was found for plasma viscosity. The red cell flexibility was found to be increased in patients as compared to the control group, but this effect appeared to be simply proportional to the fibrinogen concentration.

scholarly journals Hepatotoxicity and Histological Evaluation of Aqueous and Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Thaumatococcus Daniellii and Alchornea Cordifolia in Wistar Rat Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. p42
Author(s):  
Service @ Ideasspread.org ◽  
Okafor I. J. ◽  
Nweke E. O. ◽  
Ewa O.
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Group I

This study was carried out to ascertain the hepatotoxic potential of T.daniellii (T.d) and A. cordifolia (A.c). Investigations were conducted using standard methods. Oral administration of 200mg/kg aqueous leaf extracts of T.daniellii caused a non-significant increase in the activity of ALT (5.43±0.60IU/L), AST (16.93±0.26 IU/L) and ALP (160.70±1.04 IU/L) compared to the values recorded on the normal control (group I) ALT (3.84±0.16 IU/L), AST (14.19±0.52 IU/L) and ALP (157.26±0.64 IU/L). Group III administered with 200mg/kg methanolic leaf extract of T. daniellii manifested a significant elevation in the activity of ALT (13.15±0.89 IU/L), AST (22.84±0.38 IU/L) and ALP (170.40±0.44 IU/L) compared to the normal control. Similarly, groups IV and V which were orally administered with 200mg/kg aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of A. cordifolia showed significant increase in the activity of ALT (6.32±0.33U/L), AST (17.70±0.030U/L) and ALP (161.13±0.09U/L) and ALT (7.55±0.59U/L), AST (19.35±0.26U/L) and ALP (165.38±0.35U/L) respectively compared to the values recorded on the control (group I). In conclusion, drug development protocols involving T. daniellii leaf should preferably use water as an ideal solvent. On the other hand, the hepatotocity associated with both aqueous and methanolic extracts of A. cordifolia could imply the presence of hepatotoxins in the leaf of the said plant.

scholarly journals HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF VERNONIA AMYGDALINA LEAF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT IN WHITE RATS INDUCED BY PARACETAMOL

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Panal Sitorus ◽  
Nerdy Nerdy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carboxy Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Carboxy Methyl

Objectives: A study on the hepatoprotective effect of Vernonia amygdalina leaves ethanolic extract on white rats induced by paracetamol was aimed to obtaining scientific data and evidence the hepatoprotective ability of the extract.Methods: The research was a complete randomized design, using 36 white rats which were divided into 6 groups. The normal control group was given 1% carboxy methyl cellulose for 7 days and followed by distilled water 8 hours after treatment. The positive control group was given 100 mg curcumin per kg body weight of rats for 7 days and followed by 2.5 g paracetamol per kg body weight after treatment. The negative control group was given 1% carboxy methyl cellulose for 7 days and followed by 2.5 g paracetamol per kg body weight after treatment. The test group was given 50, 100 and 200 mg extract per kg body weight of rats for 7 days and followed by 2.5 g paracetamol per kg body weight after treatment. Blood sampling was carried out 3 times (before treatment, after treatment and after induction).Results: With doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg extract per kg body weight of rats give significant difference on the decrease of Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) and Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) levels after paracetamol administration.Conclusions: It can be concluded that Vernonia amygdalina leaves ethanolic extract were potentially hepatoprotective.

Assessment of Thalidomide Therapy Effect on Platelet Activation and Selected Blood Coagulation Parameters in Multiple Myeloma Patients

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 5181-5181
Author(s):  
Marta Robak ◽  
Jacek Trelinski ◽  
Krzysztof Chojnowski
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Closure Time ◽  
Therapy Effect ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract Background: Patients with multiple myeloma are at relatively high risk of developing thromboembolic events (TEE). These life-threatening complications may arise from hypercoagulability associated with malignancy and/or may be connected with anticancer therapy. The risk of developing TEE appears to be particularly high during treatment with thalidomide alone or combined with chemotherapy and/or high-dose dexamethasone. The pathogenesis of thalidomide-related thrombosis in myeloma patients remains unexplained. Some authors suggest that platelet activation can contribute to development of this complication in multiple myeloma patients on thalidomide therapy but until now it has not been a subject of investigation. Patients and methods: The study was performed in 20 patients with multiple myeloma. The tests were done at diagnosis and after one month of thalidomide therapy at a dose of 100–200 mg/24h. All patients had normal renal function and did not take drugs affecting platelet function. The control group consisted of 15 healthy subjects of similar age. In each patient closure time with ADP/Collagen and Epinephrine/Collagen cartridges by PFA-100 method was assessed. Platelet expression of membrane activation marker P-selectin (CD62p) on resting platelets and after stimulation with ADP/Collagen and Epinephrine/Collagen was analyzed by flow cytometry. Additionally, activity of factor VII, factor VIII and von Willebrand factor (vWF), concentration of fibrinogen and D-dimer, and platelet count were evaluated. Results: The mean PFA-100 closure time was significantly shortened with ADP/Collagen (87.2 ±17.1 s vs 100.4 ± 19.3 s, p=0.008) and Epinephrine/Collagen cartridges (118.5 ± 20.3 s vs 132.2 ± 27.9 s, p=0.04) after one month of therapy in comparison to baseline. The median CD62p percentage increased markedly after treatment-on resting platelets 5.1 (0.76–22.2) vs 3.6 (0.1–21.5) p=0.03. and after stimulation with Epinephrine/Collagen 16.6 (2.3–57.3) vs 11.1 (1.4–19.5) p=0.03. The observed increased P-selectin expression after ADP/Collagen stimulation 26.3 (8.5–42.8) vs 19.7 (1.0–35.4) was not statistically significant. The median values of P-selectin expression at diagnosis and after thalidomide therapy were also higher than in the control group. The results of factor VIII, vWF activity, fibrinogen and D-dimer concentration did not differ markedly before and after therapy. Significantly lower mean activity of factor VII (p=0.004) and higher mean platelet count (p=0.03) after therapy were observed. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that platelet activation is one of the pathogenetic factor of thalidomide-related thrombotic complications and can explain some observations that acetylsalicylic acid may protect against TEE during myeloma treatment with thalidomide.

scholarly journals Triglyceride to HDL-C Ratio Is Associated with Plasma D-Dimer Levels in Different Types of Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Single-Centered Study in China

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Jia ◽  
Xiaoting Zhang ◽  
Dalong Sun ◽  
Rong Li ◽  
Na Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Coefficient Corrélation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract BackgroundThis study aims to evaluate the relationship between D-dimer and dyslipidemia, especially triglyceride to HDL-C ratio (TG/HDL-C) in different types of pancreatitis. We analyzed the D-dimer and dyslipidemia levels in acute pancreatitis (AP), recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). Material and MethodsA single-centered retrospective study was conducted on 1013 patients diagnosed with AP, RAP or CP. Only patients hospitalized within 24 h of onset were included, and 204 patients were enrolled in pancreatitis groups. 68 normal persons without pancreatitis, malignant diseases, pregnancy, or organ failure, who had health check-ups, were enrolled in the control group. Blood samples were taken within 24h of admission. The epidemiology and etiology were analyzed. D-dimer and dyslipidemia levels were compared between different types of pancreatitis. Furthermore, the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to estimate the validity of the predictor and to define optimal cut-off points for prediction.ResultsWe found that D-dimer and TG/HDL-C ratio could distinguish mild AP (MAP) and non-MAP in AP and RAP patients. The D-dimer level was related to TG/HDL-C ratio and severity of pancreatitis, with the coefficient correlation of 0.379 and 0.427(p<0.01), respectively. TG/HDL-C was related to D-dimer in different types of pancreatitis. Multivariate analysis was conducted in the parameters at admission like alcohol abuse, dyslipidemia and coagulation disturbance in distinguishing AP and RAP groups from the control group, and the parameter like diabetes in RAP and CP groups significantly increased compared with that of the control group. ConclusionsThe value of D-dimer level and TG/HDL-C ratio in predicting the severity of AP and RAP was confirmed but there was no significant difference between CP group and the control group. The D-dimer level was related to dyslipidemia and TG/HDL-C ratio.

Viscosity and Red Cell Deformity in Arterial Disease

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cella ◽  
H.A. de Haas ◽  
M. Rampling ◽  
V.V. Kakkar
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Whole Blood Viscosity ◽  
Significant Difference

Haemorrheological factors have been shown to be affected in many kings of vascular disease. The present study was undertaken to correlate these factors in normal subjects and patients suffering from peripheral arterial disease. Twenty-two patients were investigated; they had moderate or severe intermittent claudication, extent of disease being confirmed by aorto-arteriography and ankle-systolic pressure studies. Twenty-five controls with no symptoms or signs of arterial disease were selected withcomparable age and sex distribution. Whole blood viscosity was measured at shear rates of 230 secs-1 and 23 sees-1 at 37°C using a Weils Brookfield cone plate microvisco meter. Plasma viscosity was also measured in an identical manner. Erythrocyte flexibility was measured by centrifuge technique and fibrinogen concentration as well as haematocrit by standard techniques. The fibrinogen concentration appeared to be the only significant parameter; the mean concentration in patients with peripheral vascular disease of 463 ± 73mg/100ml in the control group ( 〈 0.05). Although whole blood viscosity was high in patients, when corrected t. a common haematocrit, there was no significant difference between patients and controls The same megative correlation was found for plasma viscosity. The red cell flexibility was found to be increased in patients as compared to the control group, but this effect appeared to be simply proportional to the fibrinogen concentration.

Plasmatic and cell components of hemostasis in patients with serious burned wounds: studying at early period of disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
V. S. Borisov ◽  
M. S. Makarov ◽  
E. V. Klychnikova ◽  
N. V. Borovkova ◽  
E. V. Tazyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein C ◽  
Total Body Surface Area ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Group Outcomes ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Protein C Activity ◽  
D Dimer ◽  
Observation Period

We studied coagulation parameters of severely burned patients at early period of disease (1–10 days). All patients had II–III degree burned wound, varied from 22 to 75 % total body surface area (median 40 % [35; 60]). Patients were divided into two groups: survival (35 patients, 1th group) and lethal (19 patients, 2nd group) outcomes. During burned shock (1st‑2nd day) 1th group had normal activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen concentration, protein C activity, whereas in 2nd group these parameters were reliably abnormal. In both groups we noticed significant decay of antitrombin III activity and increase of D-dimer, followed by very low integrity of platelets. We found correlation between morphofunctional platelet rate and blood clotting activity. At 3rd day all patients showed significant increase of fibrinogen concentration without change of other parameters. At 10th day patients with survival outcome normalized antitrombin III activity and had particular recover of platelet integrity, patients with lethal outcomes did not have such effects. Values of D-dimer, antitrombin III and protein C activity reliably differed between the groups throughout the observation period. The decrease of antitrombin III and protein C activity in the first day after the burn is critical. Reducing the activity of antitrombin III less than 75 % is a predictor of adverse outcome.

A new practical technique to reduce allogeneic blood exposure and hospital costs while preserving clotting factors after cardiopulmonary bypass: the Hemobag®

Perfusion ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A Samolyk ◽  
Scott R Beckmann ◽  
Randall C Bissinger
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Allogeneic Blood ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Clotting Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Heart Team ◽  
Clotting Factors

Recent data independently linking allogeneic blood use to increased morbidity and mortality after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) warrants the study of new methods to employ unique and familiar technology to reduce allogeneic blood exposure. The Hemobag® allows the open-heart team to concentrate residual CPB circuit contents and return a high volume of autologous clotting factors and blood cells to the patient. Fifty patients from all candidates were arbitrarily selected to receive the Hemobag® (HB) therapy. A retrospective control group of 50 non-Hemobag® (NHB) patients were matched to the HB group patient-by-patient for comparison according to surgeon, type of procedure, age, body surface area (BSA), body weight and CPB time. Many efforts to conserve blood (Cell Saver® and ANH) were employed in both groups. Post-CPB cell washing of circuit contents was additionally employed in the control group. There were no significant differences between the HB and NHB groups in regard to patient morphology, pre-op cell concentrations, distribution of surgeon or procedures (41% valve, 16% valve/coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), balance CABG), pump and ischemic times and Bayes National Risk scores. The average volume returned to the patient from the HB was 8179/198 mL (1 SD). Average processing time was 11 min. The Hemobag®contained an average platelet count of 2309/80 K/mm3, fibrinogen concentration of 4139/171 mg/dl, total protein of 8.09/2.8 gm/dl, albumin of 4.49/1.2 gm/dl and hematocrit of 439/7%. Factor VII, IX and X levels in three HB contents averaged 259% greater than baseline. Substantial reductions were achieved in both allogeneic blood product avoidance and cost to the hospital with use of the HB. Infusion of the Hemobag® concentrate appears to recover safely substantial proteins, clotting factor and cell concentration for all types of cardiac procedures, maintaining the security of a primed circuit.

scholarly journals Some hematological parameters of Wistar rats treated with Chromolaena odorata leave extracts

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henshaw Uchechi Okoroiwu ◽  
Ifeyinwa Maryann Okafor ◽  
Emmanuel Kufre Uko ◽  
Item Justin Atangwho
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

This study was designed to investigate the effects of the different extracts of Chromolaena odorata leave on the hematopoietic system of Wistar rats. Solvent extraction was used for the ethanol and aqueous extractions while decoction method was used for the crude extraction. Fifty Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 140-180 g were used for this study. They were divided into ten groups each containing five rats. The animals were fed the extracts by oral gavage once daily for 21 days. Blood sample was collected via cardiac artery. Hematological parameters were analyzed using automation method. The ethanol extract gave the highest extract yield. The aqueous, ethanol and crude extraction had median lethal toxicity (LD50) of 2738.6 mg/kg, 1581.1 mg/kg and 224.7 mg/kg, respectively. Significant difference (P<0.05) in the total white blood cell count was observed in the 75 mg/kg ethanol and 300 mg/kg crude extracts when compared with control group. Significant difference (P<0.05) in the hemoglobin concentration was observed in the 150 mg/kg ethanol extracts when compared with the control group. Significant difference (P<0.05) in the packed cell volume was seen in the 75 mg/kg aqueous, 150 mg/kg aqueous and 75 mg/kg ethanol extracts in respect to the control group. The mean cell volume, the mean platelet volume and platelet large cell ratio of the 75 mg/kg aqueous extract were significantly different (P<0.05) when compared with the control group. The present study showed possible treatment-induced hematopoietic function of C. odorata leave extracts.

scholarly journals Haemostatic, fibrinolytic and inflammatory profiles in West Highland white terriers with canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and controls

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elodie Roels ◽  
Natali Bauer ◽  
Christelle Lecut ◽  
Andreas Moritz ◽  
André Gothot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Activated Protein C ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CIPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease mainly affecting old West Highland white terriers (WHWTs). The aetiology of CIPF is currently unknown and pathogenesis poorly understood. A genetic basis is strongly suspected based on the breed predisposition. CIPF shares clinical and pathological features with human IPF. In human IPF, coagulation disorders favouring a local and systemic pro-thrombotic state have been demonstrated in association with disease severity and outcome. The aim of this study was to compare the systemic haemostatic, fibrinolytic and inflammatory profiles of WHWTs affected with CIPF with breed-matched controls (CTRLs). Additionally, data collected in both groups were interpreted with regard to the reference intervals (when available) to assess possible pro-thrombotic features of the WHWT breed that may be related to CIPF predisposition. A total of 14 WHWTs affected with CIPF and 20 CTRLs were included. Results WHWTs affected with CIPF had prolonged activated partial thromboplastine time in comparison with CTRLs (12.2 ± 0.9 s vs. 11.5 ± 0.7 s, P = 0.028), whereas results obtained in both groups were all within reference ranges. There was no significant difference between groups for the other factors assessed including plasmatic concentrations of fibrinogen, D-dimers concentration, antithrombin III activity, protein S and protein C activities, anti-factor Xa activity, activated protein C ratio, serum C-reactive protein concentration, and rotational thromboelastometry indices. Platelet count and plasmatic fibrinogen concentration were found to be above the upper limit of the reference range in almost half of the WHWTs included, independently of the disease status. Conclusions Results of this study provide no clear evidence of an altered systemic haemostatic, fibrinolytic or inflammatory state in WHWTs affected with CIPF compared with CTRLs. The higher platelet counts and fibrinogen concentrations found in the WHWT breed may serve as predisposing factors for CIPF or simply reflect biological variation in this breed.

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