scholarly journals The Method of Assessment of the Population Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: Rationale and Examples of Application

Kardiologiia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
S. A. Maximov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Method Of Assessment

Epidemiological studies in cardiology often are confronted with the need of modeling the population dependence of the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) on a complex of influencing risk factors (RF). A method for assessment the CVD population risk is proposed, the calculation of which assumes the population group as the unit of analysis, and the prevalence of risk factors in this group as the input data. Calculation of the population risk is build taking into account predictive value of risk factors basing on their contribution to CVD prevalence. The method of calculation of population risk, examples of its application (arterial hypertension in working population, ethnic groups, ischemic heart disease in open and working population), as well as discussion of its strong and weak sides are presented in this review.

scholarly journals Ethnicity as a model for the development of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors in epidemiological studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 736-746
Author(s):  
T A Mulerova ◽  
M Yu Ogarkov ◽  
D P Tsygankova ◽  
Yu V Kazachek ◽  
O M Polikutina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Disorders ◽  
Second Period

Aim. To assess the indigenous small population of the Shor people in terms of the ethnic-specific development of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors during the epidemiological studies in the Mountain Shoria. Methods. The study was carried included the indigenous and non-indigenous population of the Mountain Shoria during two different time periods: the first period (19982002) 1215 people (550 indigenous Shors and 665 non-indigenous people) and the second period (20132017) 1409 people (901 and 508, respectively). The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, arterial hypertension (AH) and ischemic heart disease (CHD) was studied. In the second period of the study, the genotype frequencies of the genes ACE (I/D, r 4340), AGT (c.803TC, rs699), AGTR1 (A1166C, rs5186), ADRB1 (c.145AG, Ser49Gly, rs1801252), ADRA2B (I/D, rs28365031), MTHFR (c.677CT, Ala222Val, rs1801133) and NOS3 (VNTR, 4b/4a) and their associations with arterial hypertension were identified. There was data on organ damage obtained among patients with high blood pressure (left ventricular myocardial hypertrophia, carotid arteries intima-media complex thickening, albumin level). Results. The first period of the studies showed that the Shors differed from the incoming population in an extremely low prevalence of lipid metabolism disorders, obesity, and an almost complete absence of diabetes mellitus. At the same time, there was a high prevalence of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. The second period of the studies demonstrated significant differences between different ethnic cohorts according to the genetic passport towards a more favorable profile among the indigenous people. However, the Shor people with arterial hypertension had a more severe course of hypertensive disease, defined as frequent organ damage. In addition, the profile of a patient with coronary heart disease differed depending on the place of residence, in urban or rural. Epidemiological studies contribute to the acquisition of new knowledge about different ethnic groups, their lifestyles and agricultural practices, regions of residence, and the features of candidate gene polymorphism. This provides valuable material for individualizing the prevention and treatment of diseases. Conclusion. Ethnicity makes adjustments to the patient's profile; understanding the ethnic specificity allows developing targeted preventive measures, thereby preserving the peoples health.

scholarly journals Associations between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Lifestyle Assessed with the MEDLIFE Index among the Working Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Pavičić Žeželj ◽  
Gordana Kenđel Jovanović ◽  
Nataša Dragaš Zubalj ◽  
Vladimir Mićović ◽  
Željko Sesar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
High Educational Level ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

The adherence to the Mediterranean diet is beneficial for cardiovascular diseases prevention. The study aim is to use Mediterranean lifestyle (MEDLIFE) questionnaire for estimation of Mediterranean lifestyle habits among the working population and to establish MEDLIFE score correlation with the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. In the study has participated 366 workers from Croatia, which fulfilled MEDLIFE and validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) questionnaire. The multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between MEDLIFE index, workers’ obesity and cardiovascular diseases risk. The lowest adherence to Mediterranean lifestyle was associated to younger, low education, body fat above acceptable ranges and unfavorable lipid profile. Significant association to Mediterranean lifestyle was more among women (p = 0.002), middle aged (p = 0.02), highly physically active (p = 0.009) and those who play collective sports >2 h/w (p = 0.001), having body fat within acceptable range (p = 0.003), total cholesterol less (p = 0.03) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C) (p = 0.04) more than recommended. Inverse significant association was for high educational level (p = 0.02). The Mediterranean lifestyle adherence is associated to lower risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among studied working population. MEDLIFE index revealed that physical activity and conviviality are better ingrained among younger population but not the Mediterranean diet.

Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: From bench to bedside

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 818-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Vidale ◽  
Carlo Campana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter Exposure

Air pollution has a great impact on health, representing one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Previous experimental and epidemiological studies suggested the role of pollutants as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. For this reason, international guidelines included specific statements regarding the contribution of particulate matter exposure to increase the risk of these events. In this review, we summarise the main evidence concerning the mechanisms involved in the processes linking air pollutants to the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Study on Heart Failure Patients Admitted in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176
Author(s):  
Nur Alam ◽  
Abdullah Al Shafi Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Heart Failure Patients ◽  
Coronary Syndrome

Background: Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome that arises secondary to abnormalities of cardiac structure and/or function (inherited or acquired) that impair the ability of the left ventricle to fill or eject blood. There is a paucity of data on characteristics of the patients of heart failure admitted in hospitals in terms of demographic and etiological information. So, this study aimed to see the disease burden of heart failure patients and the age and sex specific prevalence of heart failure among patients admitted into NICVD and to identify the etiological pattern of diseases leading to heart failure with associated comorbid factors. Methods: It was a cross sectional study carried out at National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) Dhaka Bangladesh and was conducted from January 2015 to December 2015. Total 400 heart failure patients were taken. Results: The mean age of the patients were 54 ± 14 years ranging from 16 to 95 years with a high preponderance of male. Most the patient population was in the age group of 51- 60 years (29.5%). 79% of the cases were male & 21% female by gender specification. Ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) was found to be the common cause of heart failure (n=153, 40.75%) followed by Acute coronary syndrome (32.5%) and Valvular heart disease (18.25%). The patients with heart failure having acute coronary syndrome (n=107) had hypertension (46.8%) as the most prevalent major risk factor. In the present study only 11% patient had heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Mortality rate of the study population were 6.3%. Conclusion: In this study, the most common cause of heart failure is ischaemic heart disease. So, patients of acute and chronic ischemic heart disease patients should be treated and follow up with care. Clinical and epidemiological studies are needed to explore further. Cardiovasc. j. 2021; 13(2): 172-176

“I feel fine. Do I really need to take a cholesterol pill?”

HIV ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Arvind Nishtala ◽  
Matthew J. Feinstein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

With widespread antiretroviral therapy (ART) accessibility and uptake, HIV has transitioned in many ways to a chronic condition marked by heightened risks of non-communicable diseases. Several clinical and epidemiological studies over the past two decades have demonstrated elevated risks for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among people with HIV. These risks appear to be particularly elevated among people with histories of long periods of uncontrolled viremia and CD4 lymphopenia, and dovetail with traditional risk factors (such as smoking) that are common among people with HIV. This chapter presents a discussion of the evolving epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and putative mechanisms of CVDs among people with HIV.

Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1269-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob M. van Dam
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Coffee Intake

Numerous epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and various cancers. This paper briefly reviews the evidence for a relation between coffee consumption and these conditions, with particular attention to methodological issues. Several early studies suggested that coffee consumption could result in a marked increase in risk of coronary heart disease and several types of cancer. However, more recent prospective cohort studies that are less prone to selection and information bias have not confirmed these findings. High consumption of unfiltered types of coffee, such as French press and boiled coffee, has been shown to increase low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations. In addition, limiting caffeinated coffee intake during pregnancy seems a prudent choice. However, evidence has been accumulating that frequent consumption of coffee may reduce risk of type 2 diabetes and liver cancer. Further experimental studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and possibly identify the components in coffee that are responsible for these putative effects. In sum, the currently available evidence on coffee and risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer is largely reassuring, and suggests that, for the general population, addressing other health-related behaviors has priority for the prevention of chronic diseases.

scholarly journals The Links between Cardiovascular Diseases and Alzheimer's Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-169
Author(s):  
Jerzy Leszek ◽  
Elizaveta V. Mikhaylenko ◽  
Dmitrii M. Belousov ◽  
Efrosini Koutsouraki ◽  
Katarzyna Szczechowiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Wide Range

: The root cause of non-inherited Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains unknown despite hundreds of research studies performed to attempt to solve this problem. Since proper prophylaxis remains the best strategy, many scientists have studied the risk factors that may affect AD development. There is robust evidence supporting the hypothesis that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) may contribute to AD progression, as the diseases often coexist. Therefore, a lack of well-defined diagnostic criteria makes studying the relationship between AD and CVD complicated. Additionally, inflammation accompanies the pathogenesis of AD and CVD, and is not only a consequence but also implicated as a significant contributor to the course of the diseases. Of note, АроЕε4 is found to be one of the major risk factors affecting both the cardiovascular and nervous systems. According to genome wide association and epidemiological studies, numerous common risk factors have been associated with the development of AD-related pathology. Furthermore, the risk of developing AD and CVDs appears to be increased by a wide range of conditions and lifestyle factors: hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, gut/oral microbiota, physical activity, and diet. This review summarizes the literature and provides possible mechanistic links between CVDs and AD.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases in Morocco: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
Rida Elyamani ◽  
Abdelmajid Soulaymani ◽  
Hind Hami
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
English Language ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Moroccan Population

OBJECTIVE: To provide a systematic review of studies on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their risk factors in the Moroccan population. METHODS: A systematic analysis was performed based on PRISMA guidelines by retrieving data bases (Medline, Embase, and other) using technical keywords in addition to manual research on official websites. Published studies in the English or French language, conducted in Morocco or concerning the Moroccan population within the last two decades, were identified. RESULTS: This is the first systematic review of CVD in Morocco. Data from 159 studies were retrieved and analyzed. Most studies were written in the English language (75.89%) and published between 2010 and 2019 (85.47%). The mortality rate caused by CVD in Morocco has reached 38%, with ischemic heart disease and stroke as the main events causing death (31.0% and 22.5% respectively). The risk factors present in the population studied were headed by tobacco smoking (45- 50%), followed by physical inactivity (21.1%), elevated rate of hypertension (25.3%), and depression (5.47%). Impacted by a high rate of illiteracy and poverty and an unprepared health care system in Morocco, these numbers are expected to increase over the next decade. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these alarming incidences, investment in scientific research and epidemiological studies should be increased to determine the needs of the local population. The available evidence shows that the risk of cardiovascular disease and the associated mortality is very high in Morocco and will rise in the next years prospectively, which calls for urgent multi-sectorial approaches and treatment strategies.

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