Problems of labor migrants in Russia and policy issue: Focusing on labor migration between CIS countries

The paper considers the problem of labor migrants from the CIS countries distribution in the regions of Russia. The relevance of this migration situation aspect is determined by its connection with the general state of the domestic labor market, the imbalances existing here, the lack of necessary regulation of the foreign labor demand and supply. It’s extremely important to understand this situation from the point of view of the need for adaptation and integration of migrants. The analysis showed that the national contingents of visa-free labor migrants are extremely unevenly distributed across the regions of the country. During the pandemic, the total number of foreigners in Russia decreased significantly, while the structure and direction of flows remained practically unchanged. A significant obstacle to the analysis is gaps in statistics, inconsistencies between individual blocks of indicators and their sources.

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ROLE AND PLACE OF EXTERNAL LABOR MIGRATION IN THE STRUCTURE OF FOREIGN LABOR

social & labor researches ◽

10.34022/2658-3712-2020-41-4-80-93 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 80-93

Author(s):

V.V. Komarovsky ◽

Keyword(s):

Labor Migration ◽

Large Scale ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Migrant Labor ◽

Labor Migrants ◽

Transport Services ◽

Foreign Labor ◽

Study Results ◽

Cis Countries

The article is based on the study results of the role of labor migrants from the post-Soviet countries in meeting the needs of Russian households in different services. The aim of the work is to analyze the structure of national contingents and the specifics of the services provided by labor migrants from specific CIS countries. The author used statistical and sociological methods of data analysis and a comparative analysis of data from various statistical sources on the problems of labor migration in Russia. The empirical base of the study is the second sample survey in the Rosstat modern history “Results of sample statistical observation of migrant labor. 2019", and the comparison with official statistics. Along with the introduction of previously unused data from a large-scale study conducted by Rosstat into scientific circulation, the author reveals the specifics of the sectoral distribution of immigrants from nine post-Soviet countries. The author concludes that the significant concentration of labor migrants in a certain range of industries providing services to households (i.e., actually to the population) mainly includes construction and repairs, cleaning, various types of agricultural work and transport services. Employment in other sectors is less widespread, which largely correlates with the professional and qualification structure of labor migrants. National preferences for employment in certain sectors are also observed. The author analyses the features of hiring migrants both by households and by members of households as entrepreneurs. It was revealed that the latter attract a limited number of labor migrants, since they are, first of all, individual entrepreneurs representing small and microenterprises. The study results may be of further use to federal and regional executive bodies responsible for the development and implementation of state policy in the field of regulation of external labor migration flows, open up prospects for more reliable forecasting of the balance of supply and demand for foreign labor.

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Trends and strategies of labor emigration from Tajikistan to OECD countries

RUDN Journal of Economics ◽

10.22363/2313-2329-2019-27-1-159-168 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 159-168

Author(s):

Abubakr K. Rakhmonov ◽

Roman V. Manshin

Keyword(s):

Labor Migration ◽

Western Europe ◽

Migration Policy ◽

Oecd Countries ◽

Refugee Status ◽

Labor Migrants ◽

Vocational Qualifications ◽

Future Networks ◽

Seasonal Labor ◽

Cis Countries

The article discusses the trends and strategies of labor emigration from Tajikistan to OECD countries. Waves and types of emigration from Tajikistan, adaptation of emigrants from Tajikistan to OECD countries. As well as the migration policy of the OECD countries in relation to immigrants from Tajikistan. Tajik labor migrants are becoming increasingly brighter than the prospect of getting a job not only in the CIS countries, but also in Europe, Asia and North America, where working conditions are better, and wages are much higher than in Russia and Kazakhstan. The OECD countries can rightfully be considered as new directions of Tajik emigration. An important feature of the tendency and strategy of labor emigration as a result of our research would be to note the combination of educational and vocational qualifications, resettlement and seasonal labor, labor migration - mostly unskilled and skilled with retraining and internship of labor migration from Tajikistan. Adaptation of immigrants is accompanied by some difficulties. The main one is job searches, which usually take several months. For the most part, the emigrants of Tajikistan consider Eastern Europe and Greece as countries of temporary residence, their main goal being moving to Western Europe (Austria, Germany, Scandinavian countries, etc.). There are cases of intentional destruction of their passports by Tajik migrants when they move to Germany with subsequent appeal to the authorities under the guise of refugees from Afghanistan, since both Tajiks and Afghans speak Farsi (Dari) to receive refugee status and corresponding benefits in Germany. In the OECD countries, new Tajik communities are being formed, which may become, in the near future, networks of attraction for new migrants from Tajikistan.

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LABOR MIGRATION AND FEATURES OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE RUSSIAN LABOR MARKET DURING AND AFTER THE PANDEMIC

social & labor researches ◽

10.34022/2658-3712-2021-44-3-45-53 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (44) ◽

pp. 45-53

Author(s):

R. Ul'masov ◽

◽

N. Kurbanov ◽

Keyword(s):

Labor Migration ◽

Statistical Data ◽

Government Agencies ◽

Labor Migrants ◽

Common Features ◽

Russian Economy ◽

General Scientific ◽

Migration Flows ◽

Cis Countries ◽

The Impact

The paper aims to study the impact of labor migration on the construction and other sectors of the Russian economy, where labor from Tajikistan and other CIS countries is widely used, considering the factor of the coronavirus pandemic. The methodological basis of the study was the analysis of statistical data. The authors apply general scientific and special research methods. The study highlights the strategic challenges and guidelines for the development of labor migration. The paper outlines differences and common features of attitudes towards labor migrants on the part of employers and government agencies, as well as some features of migrating human capital associated with the complexity and diversity of cultures, knowledge, skills, abilities, qualifications, experience and motivation. The authors conclude that the restoration of labor migration in conditions of mass vaccination and compliance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements would fully provide labor for the construction and other segments of the Russian economy, gain the necessary pace of development, and propose specific measures to optimize migration flows and rational use of labor migrants.

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Tajik Migrant Religious Poetry

Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology) ◽

10.33876/2311-0546/2019-48-4/169-177 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 169-177

Author(s):

Tokhir S. Kalandarov

Keyword(s):

Labor Migration ◽

Personal Communication ◽

Russian Society ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Religious Poetry ◽

Labor Migrants ◽

Central Asian ◽

Semantic Translation ◽

Central Asian Countries ◽

Political Songs

Today there are hundreds of papers published on the problem of labor migration from Central Asian countries, its political, social and economic aspects, as well as on the problem of integration and adaptation of migrants in the Russian society. However, the topic of migrant poetry is still poorly studied in Russia. At least there is no such research on Tajik labor migrants. The genres of Tajik migrant poetry vary significantly and include such forms as love poems, political songs, songs about migration hardships, religious poems. This paper is based on the results of monitoring social networks «Odnoklassniki», «Facebook», as well as on the results of personal communication and interviews with poets. In the paper we use the poems of three authors written in Tajik, Russian and Shugnani languages. The semantic translation from Tajik and Shugnani was done by the author of this paper

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Labor Migration and Climate Change Adaptation

American Political Science Review ◽

10.1017/s0003055421001313 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

JAMIE DRAPER

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Labor Migration ◽

Climate Adaptation ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Migration Policy ◽

Labor Migrants ◽

Acceptable Alternative ◽

Social Scientific ◽

The Normative Question ◽

Do So

Social scientific evidence suggests that labor migration can increase resilience to climate change. For that reason, some have recently advocated using labor migration policy as a tool for climate adaptation. This paper engages with the normative question of whether, and under what conditions, states may permissibly use labor migration policy as a tool for climate adaptation. I argue that states may use labor migration policy as a tool for climate adaptation and may even have a duty to do so, subject to two moral constraints. First, states must also provide acceptable alternative options for adaptation so that the vulnerable are not forced to sacrifice their morally important interests in being able to remain where they are. Second, states may not impose restrictive terms on labor migrants to make accepting greater numbers less costly for themselves because doing so unfairly shifts the costs of adaptation onto the most vulnerable.

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Estimation the Labor Force Replacement Demand in Ukraine, Caused by Its Outflow Due to the Age and Labor Migration

Statistics of Ukraine ◽

10.31767/su.1(84)2019.01.04 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. 35-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. G. Sarioglo ◽

М. Yu. Ogay

Keyword(s):

Labor Force ◽

Labor Migration ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Occupational Group ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Medium Term ◽

Total Employment ◽

Labor Migrants ◽

Total Labor ◽

Stock Flow

The article describes an effective approach to the anticipation of the labor force demand caused by the need to it replace (the replacement demand). The emphasis is made on estimation the outflow of workforce due to the retirement and labor migration. The importance of medium-term forecasting (for 10 years) of the labor force demand, caused by the need to replace the workers flowing out of the labor market as a whole and separate occupational or qualification groups in particular is justified in the Ukraine’s context. The data sources and methodological approaches to the anticipation of the replacement demand are highlighted. It is shown that the main source of data for the labor force replacement demand anticipation in Ukraine, like in many other countries, is the state labor force the sample survey. A serious problem for Ukraine is accounting of labor migration effects for the replacement demand, which is assessed by conducting ad hoc surveys. The main methods used in anticipation of the replacement demand are method of trend extrapolation, methods of pseudo-cohorts, and stock-flow modeling. These methods enable for assessing and accounting of not only the processes of outflow of the labor force due to the age, but also transitory processes reflected, inter alia, in changes of qualifications and/or professions by young people at the beginning of their carrier. A medium-term anticipation of the labor force demand in Ukraine, caused by outflow of the labor force due to the age and labor migration, is performed. It is shown that the replacement demand caused by outflow of the workers due to the age, accounts for a most significant part of the overall demand for workforce, making up in medium-term perspective nearly 13% of the total employment in 2017. The level of the demand has strong variations across occupational and qualification groups: in the occupational group “the simplest occupations”, the average annual demand caused by the outflow due to the age will be nearly 3.4% of the total employment. It is shown that the replacement demand in Ukraine by occupational group may substantially increase due to labor migration. Thus, the high replacement demand for workers in the simplest occupations is enhanced by the external labor migration of such workers, which share is nearly 42% of the total labor migrants.

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Methods of Ukrainian labor migrants reintegration in the context of state migration policy

Economics. Finances. Law ◽

10.37634/efp.2019.12(4).3 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 14-17

Author(s):

Liubomyr ROMAN

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

National Economy ◽

Migrant Workers ◽

State Policy ◽

Labor Migration ◽

Migration Policy ◽

The State ◽

Labor Migrants ◽

The Individual ◽

The Impact

Introduction. The reintegration of migrant workers is the renewal and accelerated development of ties between the individual and the society, the economic and cultural systems, the restoration of the impact of the individual on socio-economic, socio-cultural and political processes and phenomena, increasing participation in the processes of sustainable development on the basis of introducing elements of economic culture countries of pre-migration. The methodological bases for improving the mechanisms of reintegration of labor migrants should be assessed on the basis of available political and legal support. The problem of labor migration has now taken on a national scale, which brings it out of the limits of the influence of any organization, cluster or individual state authority. The formulation of a strategy for regulating labor migration should be made on the basis of the status of this problem as a national one, therefore, requiring macroeconomic regulation, which will be supported by a strong institutional and regulatory framework. The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the method of reintegration of Ukrainian labor migrants in the context of state migration policy. Results. Theoretical aspects of reintegration of labor migrants are covered. The content analysis of the legal acts of the President of Ukraine is carried out. A number of significant legal acts that have or can have a significant impact on state migration policy are characterized. The peculiarities of the functioning of the central executive body, which implements the state policy in the sphere of migration, and the recent changes in determining the range of subjects of formation and implementation of the state policy in the sphere of labor migration are analyzed. The importance of regulating the issue of investments earned during the emigration of funds into the national economy is substantiated. Conclusion. According to the conducted research, the method of reintegration of Ukrainian labor migrants in the context of the state migration policy is formed under the influence of debates about the factors, directions and forms of support of the respective processes by the state authorities. We believe that the main disadvantage of reintegration institutional support is the lack of a unified approach to the role and importance of repatriates for the sustainable development of the national economy. In our opinion, this approach should be consolidated in the form of the Law of Ukraine with a clear definition of the subjects of assistance to repatriation and reintegration of labor migrants, as well as to strengthen with additional measures of informational, organizational character, tax privileges for investing the money earned abroad for search, development of employers of skilled migrant workers returning to Ukraine.

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THE FEATURES OF LABOR EMIGRATION FROM THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

Verslas teorija ir praktika ◽

10.3846/btp.2018.27 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (0) ◽

pp. 271-277

Author(s):

Adriana Grenčiková ◽

Ilona Skačkauskienė ◽

Jana Španková

Keyword(s):

Labor Force ◽

Minimum Wage ◽

Labor Migration ◽

Slovak Republic ◽

Social Aspects ◽

Gdp Growth ◽

Social Phenomenon ◽

Population Composition ◽

Labor Migrants ◽

The Relationship

Migration is historically a social phenomenon that not only has a significant effect on politics, economics, and social aspects but also presents challenges to the security of states and alters population composition in countries. Labor migration and its investigation are becoming a society-wide phenomenon because of the labor force shortage as well as the aging population. The Slovak Republic is a country that faces the outflow of qualified workers abroad, and the country’s index of aging is one of the most dynamic in Europe. The current study aims at examining the relations and the reasons for emigration to work from the Slovak Republic. To identify the causes of labor emigration in the Slovak Republic, a survey was conducted to explore the decisions of people to emigrate for work, the duration of the stay abroad and the possibility of returning to Slovakia. This study also analyses the relationship between GDP growth and improvement of the economic situation in Slovakia, the number of labor emigrants, as well as the relationship between the minimum wage and the number of labor migrants.

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SOUTH CAUCASIAN ETHNIC COMMUNITIES IN RUSSIA: SPECIFICS OF FORMATION AND ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION TO THEIR HOMELANDS

Central Asia and the Caucasus ◽

10.37178/ca-c.21.1.05 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 047-060

Author(s):

Sergey Ryazantsev ◽

Elena Pismennaya ◽

Maria Apanovich ◽

Dzerassa Dzusova

Keyword(s):

Labor Migration ◽

Ethnic Communities ◽

The South ◽

Labor Migrants ◽

The Social ◽

Social And Economic Development ◽

Soviet Space ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Southern Caucasus

This study has been suggested by the huge importance of labor migration for the social and economic development of the South Caucasian post-Soviet space. Confronted with an unprecedented outflow of their citizens and acutely aware of the problems associated with migration of able-bodied population to other countries, Russia among them, these countries have arrived at a conclusion that their migration policies need reforms. The article analyzes the trends of labor migration from the South Caucasian countries to Russia and other equally popular destinations. The migration trends up to and including Russia’s regions with the maximum numbers of labor migrants from the Southern Caucasus and the structure of their employment by industry are also analyzed. The paper contains statistics on the amounts of remittances sent by labor migrants from Russia to their homelands and assesses their impact on the economies of corresponding states. The cultural and economic contacts between the diasporas and the countries of their origin suggested a comparative analysis of their emergence and development. We have identified the typical industries preferred by representatives of each of the South Caucasian states in Russia, and the documents required of migrants to be employed in Russia. Conclusions related to the specifics of influence and the role of the diasporas in the structure of their employment are contained in the final part of our article along with the identified patterns and trends of these processes. Today, the situation on the market is unbalanced when it comes to job availability and the positions of members of these diasporas. The situation will remain the same as long as diasporas preserve their influence and the migration flows, their proportions. We have identified the most attractive regions in terms of job availability, the spread of migrants from the Southern Caucasus across the regions of the Russian Federation and the rivalry between Azeris, Armenians, and Georgians for jobs in various employment spheres.

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