scholarly journals Analgesic activity of aqueous extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius in Swiss albino mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1327
Author(s):  
Hemalatha A. ◽  
Sathiya Vinotha A. T.
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Group I ◽  
Cox Inhibitor ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Animal House

Background: Pain is defined as an unpleasant feeling caused by intense or damaging stimuli. Amorphophallus paeoniifolius known as “Elephant foot yam” is a highly potential tropical tuber crop of Araceae family. The tubers are used as antihaemorrhoidal, haemostatic, expectorant, appetizer, anthelmintic, aphrodisiac and rejuvenating agent. Diclofenac, a COX inhibitor is used as analgesic widely. Analgesic activity of alcoholic extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius has been proved in previous animal studies.Methods: Swiss Albino mice of either sex (20-30g) were procured from the central animal house of KFMS&R, Coimbatore. Animals were maintained under controlled temperature and light conditions with food and water ad libitum. Mice were kept in the department to get acclimatized. 24 mice were divided into 4 groups (n=6). Drugs were given orally after 12 hours of fasting. Group I was the control received normal saline, Group II received standard-diclofenac (25mg/kg). Group III and Group IV received aqueous extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg respectively.Results: The latency period of Group IV (aqueous extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius 400mg/kg) was significant (p<0.01) compared to Group I (controls) and Group II (standard) was significant (p<0.001) when compared to Group IV (aqueous extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius 400mg/kg) by hot plate method. In acetic acid induced writhing when compared to control, the percentage inhibition of aqueous extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius was 43.65% at 200mg/kg, 46.09% at 400mg/kg and that of the standard was 54.39%.Conclusions: It was concluded that aqueous extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius has analgesic activity due to peripheral and central inhibition of prostaglandins synthesis. The extract may have phytoconstituents which inhibit COX enzyme peripherally or act on central opioid receptors(µreceptors) for producing analgesia. It can be used as an add-on drug there by reducing side effects by conventional analgesics.

scholarly journals Evaluation of analgesic activity of glucose in Swiss Albino mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Velarul S. ◽  
Shobnaarani . ◽  
Sathiya Vinotha ◽  
Ponnuswamy .
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Group I ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Animal House

Background: Pain is the first and foremost symptom which alerts us about the underlying diseases, injuries or inflammation. Varied treatments are followed for pain relief worldwide. Nowadays tramadol, a centrally acting opioid analgesic is used widely. There are evidences that sweet substances like sucrose produce analgesia through endogenous opioid system. Sucrose has been proved to produce analgesic effect in healthy neonates and also in animals. Likewise, analgesic effect of glucose has also been studied but only limited no. of studies available.Methods: Swiss Albino mice of either sex (20-30g) were procured from the central animal house of KFMS and R, Coimbatore. Animals were maintained under controlled temperature and light conditions with food and water ad libitum. Mice were kept in the department to get acclimatized. 24 mice were divided into 4 groups (n=6). Drugs were given orally after 12hours of fasting. Group I was the control. Group II received standard-tramadol (40mg/kg). Group III received glucose (200mg/kg). Group IV received glucose (400mg/kg).Results: The latency period of glucose was significant (p<0.001) compared to controls and standard was significant (p<0.001) when compared to glucose by hot plate method.Conclusions: Analgesic activity of glucose may be due to both central and peripheral inhibition of PG synthesis. This has been proved in previous studies. This study showed that glucose can be used as an add-on in non-diabetic patients with better compliance.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Effect of Corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman Extract against Isoniazid and Rifampicin Induced Hepatotoxicity in Swiss Albino Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Abebe Dukessa Dubiwak ◽  
Tesaka Wondimnew Damtew ◽  
Mengistu Welde Senbetu ◽  
Delenasaw Yewhalaw ◽  
Tsegaye Girma Asere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Group V ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Ensete Ventricosum ◽  
Group I ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group Ii

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the cumbersome health-related problems which render approximately 50% of liver failure and patients to receiving liver transplantation every year. Antituberculosis drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin are potentially rendering hepatotoxicity. Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman is an herbaceous perennial plant that contributes to the indigenous ethnomedicinal values for the society. This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman extracts against isoniazid and rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. The study was conducted on 30 Swiss albino mice randomly allocated into five groups. Group I, group II, group III, group IV, and group V were the groups in which mice were given distilled water, only isoniazid and rifampicin, isoniazid and rifampicin along with 200 mg/kg corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman extract, isoniazid and rifampicin along with 400 mg/kg corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman extract, and isoniazid and rifampicin along with silymarin per oral per day, respectively. On the 30th day of the experiment, mice were sacrificed after anesthetized, and blood was drawn for the liver function test, and the liver was also taken from each experimental mouse for histopathological evaluation. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 subsequently exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis by using one-way ANOVA. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TBIL) of group II mice were significantly ( p < 0.05 ) elevated as compared to group I. The group of mice treated with a corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman at a dose of 400 mg/kg (group IV) and silymarin100 mg/kg (group V) showed a significant ( p < 0.05 ) decrease in ALT, AST, ALP, and TBIL as compared to the group II. The liver section of group II showed a change in liver architecture; however, these deformities were not noticed in group IV mice. The result showed corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman extract has a very promising hepatoprotective potential against isoniazid and rifampicin induced liver injury.

scholarly journals Effect of aqueous Extract of Terminalia bellirica fruit pulp on Alcohol affected learning in swiss albino mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-78
Author(s):  
Sowmya ◽  
Manohar VR ◽  
Mohandas Rai ◽  
H N Gopalakrishna ◽  
Chandrashekar R
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Alcohol Administration ◽  
Group I ◽  
Albino Mice

To evaluate the effect of Aqueous extract of Terminalia belliricafruit pulp (AETB) on learning by Hebb William maze model in mice with acute alcohol consumption.Swiss albino mice (n=48) of either sex weighing 20-30g will be divided into eight groups of six mice each. Drugs were given orally after 12 hours of fasting. Group I mice received 10ml/kg of Normal Saline, Group II mice received Piracetam 200mg/kg, Group III received AETB 36mg/kg, Group IV received ethanol 1.5g/kg orally, Group V received ethanol(1.5g/kg )+ piracetam (200mg/kg), Group VI mice received ethanol(1.5g/kg) +AETB(9mg/kg), Group VII mice received ethanol(1.5g/kg) +AETB (18mg/kg), Group VIII mice received ethanol(1.5g/kg) +AETB(36mg/kg). Time taken by the animal to reach the reward chamber from the start chamber (TRC) in Hebb-William maze was used as a parameterto evaluate the learning.Acute alcohol administration showed increase in TRC. Whereas, acute administration of Aqueous extracts of Terminalia belliricafruit pulp showed a decrease in TRC when compared to the control group. The TRC values for the groups that were administered AETB along with acute alcohol administration showed decrease in TRC values compared to the negative control.Current study showed acute alcohol administration caused impairment of thelearning ability in mice. Whereas, acute administration of Aqueous extracts of Terminalia belliricafruit pulp (AETB)caused enhancement of learning. Pre-treatment with AETB before acute alcohol administration indicated protective action of AETB on alcohol affected learning in mice.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective effects of Zingerone against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced brain mitochondrial toxicity in Swiss albino mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 548-552
Author(s):  
Mohammad Firoz Alam
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Brain Mitochondria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Toxicity ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Group I ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group Ii

The present study targeted the brain mitochondria dysfunction in Swiss albino mice through carbon tetrachloride intoxication and its treatment with Zingerone. It is proposed that brain mitochondria is the main organelle responsible for oxidative stress by producing  reactive oxygen species (ROS). Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups; Group-1 was control; Group-2 was carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) toxic (1.5mg kg-1 bm i.p two days in a week.); Group-3 was pretreated with Zingerone (100 mg kg-1 b.m)  a day before  the administration of CCl4 and Group-4 was only Zingerone (100 mg kg-1 bm) given orally for 15days once in a day. At the end of the experiment mice were sacrificed and mitochondria were isolated from brain. Isolated brain mitochondria were further analyzed for oxidative stress marker. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) content was increased significantly by CCl4 administration in Group-II as compared to the control Group-I, while the antioxidant (GSH) and other antioxidant enzyme GPx , GR, and CAT was depleted significantly in CCl4 treated Group-II as compare to control Group-I. Zingerone protected the  toxicity of brain mitochondria by reducing the lipid peroxidation and enhancing the antioxidant enzyme in Group-III and there was no significant changes were noticed in Group-IV as  compared to Group-I. Overall results showed the potential effects of Zingerone in protecting the neuronal cell loss by oxidative stress. Thus, the  present study indicated that the Zingerone may be used as the potential therapeutic tools for the prevention of CCl4 induced brain mitochondrial toxicity.  

scholarly journals Growth inhibition of Walker carcinosarcoma 256 with alcoholic extract of green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis)

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 634-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauriclécio Franco Ponte ◽  
Thiago Sousa e Silva Targino ◽  
Matheus Alves de Lima Mota ◽  
José Saul Peixoto Landim ◽  
Thyciana Rodrigues Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Tumor Growth Inhibition ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Control Solution ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

PURPOSE: To evaluate the antitumor activity of alcoholic extracts of green tea (Camella sinensis). METHODS: Four groups of six Wistar rats were inoculated intramuscularly with 10(6) Walker tumor cells/mL. During 10 days, the animals received by gavage either 0.9% saline solution (Group I; negative control), solution containing 20 mg/Kg of tamoxifen (Group II; positive control), solution containing 0.07 g/Kg alcoholic extract of C. sinensis (Group III), or solution containing 0.14 g/Kg alcoholic extract of C. sinensis (Group IV). Following euthanasia on the tenth day, the tumor, liver, kidneys and spleen were excised and weighed, and tumor volume and tumor growth inhibition were quantified. RESULTS: The average weight of the animals was greater in Group IV than in Group II (p=0.0107). Tumor weight was smaller in Group IV than in Group I (p=0.0062), but did not differ from Group II. Tumor volume was smaller in Groups II and IV than in Group I (p=0.0131). Tumor growth inhibition was observed in Groups II (44.67% ± 32.47), III (16.83% ± 53.02) and IV (66.4% ± 25.82) (p>0.05). The groups did not differ with regard to the weight of the excised organs. CONCLUSION: Alcoholic extracts of green tea have antitumor activity.

scholarly journals NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY OF PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

2021 ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
NAGARAJ P ◽  
SARAVANAN P ◽  
MANI R
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Behavioral Profile ◽  
Group I ◽  
Autonomic Changes ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Cns Stimulant

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the neurological, behavioral, and autonomic changes of Phyllanthus niruri in Swiss albino mice using Irwin’s method. Methods: A total of 24 mice was divided into four groups of six each (3-male, 3-female in each group). Aqueous extract of P. niruri was prepared. Based on body weight aqueous extract was given to the mice by orally through gavage tube (Group I – 300 mg/kg, Group II – 600 mg/kg, Group III – 900 mg/kg, and Group IV – 1200 mg/kg). Neuropharmacological profile is studied for each mice using Irwin’s observational test, the mice were observed for 4 h after oral administration for various behavioral, neurological, and autonomic changes at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 h. Results: P. niruri showed negligible actions at 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg body weight. At 900 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg P. niruri showed certain behavioral and neuronal changes. P. niruri increased alertness, stereotypy, restlessness, irritability/aggressiveness in behavioral profile indicating that the drug is a CNS stimulant. Furthermore, it showed mild tremors in neurological profile indicating CNS excitation. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of P. niruri at 900 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg showed changes in behavioral profile, neurological profile, showing it as CNS stimulant properties. Since it is an observational study further research should be done to explore CNS stimulant properties in various in vivo studies.

scholarly journals Synergistic potential of propolis and vitamin e against sub-acute toxicity of AlCl(3) in albino mice: in vivo study

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sajjad ◽  
H. Malik ◽  
L. Saeed ◽  
I. Hashim ◽  
U. Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
The Body ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group I ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group Ii

Current study evaluated the synergistic potential of propolis and vitamin E against sub-acute toxicity of aluminum chloride on different biochemical parameters and liver histology. Swiss albino mice (n=42) were randomly divided into seven groups. Group I received 0.2 ml of 0.9 % saline solution, Group II received Propolis (50 mg/kg b.w.), Group III received vitamin E (150 mg/kg b.w.), Group IV received AlCl(3) 50 mg/kg b.w., Group V received AlCl(3) + Propolis, Group VI received AlCl(3) + vitamin E and Group VII received AlCl(3) + propolis + vitamin E. Blood and tissue samples were collected after 7 and 21 days. The body weight of the animals significantly increased in all groups except Group IV. The concentration of serum high density lipoprotein significantly decreased in Group IV and increased in Group V, VI and VII. The level of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein significantly increased in AlCl(3) treated group and increased in Group V, VI and VII. Tissue sections were processed and stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Group II showed cellular necrosis. Group V, VI showed decreased number of vacuolization, sinusoidal spacing and macrophage cell infiltration. Group VI showed less degenerative changes in the third week. Vitamin E and propolis in combination with Al provides more protection against AlCl(3) induced toxicity.

The effect of Rheum ribes L. on oxidative stress in diabetic rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Metin Yildirim ◽  
Ulas Degirmenci ◽  
Merih Akkapulu ◽  
Ulku Comelekoglu ◽  
Ebru Balli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group Ii

AbstractObjectivesRheum ribes L. is a perennial plant that belongs to the family of Polygonaceae, which is often used in traditional therapy because it possesses many bioactivities, such as antioxidant and antibacterial ones. Here we examined the effect of different R. ribes L. extracts on oxidative stress in experimental diabetic rats.MethodsThirty-six rats were divided into six groups as follows: group I, control group; group II, diabetic rats; group III, diabetic rats treated with the aqueous extract of R. ribes L. by gavage at 50 mg/kg for 15 days; group IV, diabetic rats treated by gavage with the ethanolic extract of R. ribes L. at 50 mg/kg for 15 days; group V, nondiabetic rats treated by gavage with the aqueous extract of R. ribes L. at 50 mg/kg for 15 days; group VI, nondiabetic rats treated by gavage with the ethanol extract of R. ribes L. at 50 mg/kg for 15 days. After 15 days, the animals were sacrificed and the liver and kidney tissues of each animal were isolated. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in the tissue samples were measured, and histopathologic examination was carried out.ResultsR. ribes L. was effective in reducing the oxidative stress and increasing the levels of the antioxidant enzymes. Increased levels of MDA and decreased levels of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px were observed in both the liver and kidney tissues in group II. Decreased levels of MDA and increased levels of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px were observed in group III compared with group II. In group IV, decreased levels of MDA and increased levels of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px were observed in comparison with group II.ConclusionsDiabetes increases oxidative stress and causes a decrease in antioxidant enzyme levels. Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of R. ribes L. decrease oxidative stress activity and increase the levels of antioxidant enzymes. The ethanol extract of R. ribes L. has a higher antioxidant effect than the aqueous extract.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CITRULLUS LANATUS PULP ON SCOPOLAMINE INDUCED COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
DIVYA N
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Group I ◽  
Lycopene Content ◽  
Albino Mice

Objective: Amnesia is a medical condition involving the loss of memory. The memory loss is attributed to a number of illnesses or factors including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia, amnesia is often caused by head injury, brain trauma, or brain surgery. The incidence of amnesia affects only a small percent of the world’s population, the relevant study is becoming increasingly important with the rising numbers of people with AD. Alzheimer’s is predicted to strike 34 million people globally by 2025 and 14 million within the U.S. alone over subsequent 40 years. Methods: The study the possible protective effect of aqueous extract of Citrullus lanatus pulp (ACL) using scopolamine-induced amnesia in Swiss Albino mice. The mice were divided randomly into six groups each of five mice (n=5). Groups IV, V, and VI received mice feed and ACL 25%, 50%, and 100% instead of water for 21 days. Mice of Groups I, II, and III were treated with mice feed and water ad libitum. The animals were subjected to a single dose of scopolamine (1 mg/kg b.wt. ip) except in Group I on the 21st day 60 min after respective drug administration and observed for the effects in brain activity for the learning and memory. The behavioral parameters such as passive avoidance, Morris water maze, Y-Maze, and elevated plus maze were used as a tool for cognitive dysfunction study. Results: The ACL significantly reversed the scopolamine induced amnesia in mice. This is evident as C. lanatus is rich in lycopene content. The experimental models demonstrated that all the concentration of ACL treated mice showed remarkable results in restoring the effect of amnesia induced by scopolamine. Conclusion: To concise, these results suggest that ACL may exhibit protective effect on the brain to reverse the scopolamine induced amnesia. Further, it can be explored extracting the lycopene content of watermelon.

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