scholarly journals Effect of aqueous Extract of Terminalia bellirica fruit pulp on Alcohol affected learning in swiss albino mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-78
Author(s):  
Sowmya ◽  
Manohar VR ◽  
Mohandas Rai ◽  
H N Gopalakrishna ◽  
Chandrashekar R
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Alcohol Administration ◽  
Group I ◽  
Albino Mice

To evaluate the effect of Aqueous extract of Terminalia belliricafruit pulp (AETB) on learning by Hebb William maze model in mice with acute alcohol consumption.Swiss albino mice (n=48) of either sex weighing 20-30g will be divided into eight groups of six mice each. Drugs were given orally after 12 hours of fasting. Group I mice received 10ml/kg of Normal Saline, Group II mice received Piracetam 200mg/kg, Group III received AETB 36mg/kg, Group IV received ethanol 1.5g/kg orally, Group V received ethanol(1.5g/kg )+ piracetam (200mg/kg), Group VI mice received ethanol(1.5g/kg) +AETB(9mg/kg), Group VII mice received ethanol(1.5g/kg) +AETB (18mg/kg), Group VIII mice received ethanol(1.5g/kg) +AETB(36mg/kg). Time taken by the animal to reach the reward chamber from the start chamber (TRC) in Hebb-William maze was used as a parameterto evaluate the learning.Acute alcohol administration showed increase in TRC. Whereas, acute administration of Aqueous extracts of Terminalia belliricafruit pulp showed a decrease in TRC when compared to the control group. The TRC values for the groups that were administered AETB along with acute alcohol administration showed decrease in TRC values compared to the negative control.Current study showed acute alcohol administration caused impairment of thelearning ability in mice. Whereas, acute administration of Aqueous extracts of Terminalia belliricafruit pulp (AETB)caused enhancement of learning. Pre-treatment with AETB before acute alcohol administration indicated protective action of AETB on alcohol affected learning in mice.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Effect of Resveratrol on Valproic Acid Induced Oxidative Stress Autism in Swiss Albino Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasudha Bakshi ◽  
K. Sunand ◽  
Nagia Begum ◽  
Rahul Motiram Kakalij ◽  
Madhukaran Reddy Tekula
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Group I ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Albino Mice

The present research work is aimed to investigate the anti-oxidant/neuroprotective role of Resveratrol in reversing the valproic acid induced autism in postnatal swiss albino mice. Separate 13 day old/ Post natal day (PND) 13 swiss albino mice of either sex into 5 groups, each group consists of six mice of either sex, groups namely Group I - Control, Group II - Resveratrol, Group III - Negative control, Group IV and V - Resveratrol treatment groups. On PND 14 administer single dose of Valproic acid (VPA) or Sodium Valproate (400 mg/kg, subcutaneously) to III, IV and V groups to induce autism. Treatment is given in two doses 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p) as Low dose and 40 mg/kg, i.p as High dose from the 13th day to the end of study. Assessment of autism is done by different behavioral screening methods during PND 14 to 40. Treatment with resveratrol significantly decline the autism symptoms compared with negative control. At the end of study on PND 41 all the animals were sacrificed to assess the biochemical estimations like Anticholinesterase enzyme, Total Protein, antioxidant enzyme (Catalase, Superoxide and Glutathione) activity and cerebellar histopathological examination. Treatment with Resveratrol has shown a significant beneficial difference on behavioral alterations, oxidative markers, neurotransmitters, and restoration of the altered purkinje cells of autism. This research work we conclude that resvertrol have a potent anti-oxidant, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, learning and memory enhancing agent against valproic acid induced autism.

scholarly journals Attenuation of anxiety on acute administration of aqueous extract of Terminalia belerica fruit pulp in Swiss albino mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Chandrashekar R. ◽  
Manohar V. R. ◽  
Poovizhi Bharathi R. ◽  
Mohandas Rai
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Terminalia Belerica ◽  
Albino Mice

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the attenuation of anxiety on acute administration of aqueous extract of Terminalia belerica fruit pulp (AETBFP) by using elevated plus maze test and dark and light arena models.Methods: Thirty Swiss albino mice were divided into five groups, Group I received vehicle (1% Gum acacia suspension, 3ml/kg, orally), Group II received standard drug Diazepam (1mg/kg, orally) and Group III, IV and V received AETBFP 9, 18 and 36 mg/kg, orally respectively. In elevated plus maze test, the mouse was placed on the central platform facing towards open arm. The percentage of time spent and frequency of entries and number of rears in open arm was counted for a period of 5 min. In dark and light arena, the time spent, number of entries and number of rears in light arena was counted for a period of 5 min. The mean±SEM values were calculated for each group. The data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s multiple comparison tests; p< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Significant (p<0.05) reduction in anxiety was noted in experimental animals when given at a dose of AETBFP (36mg/kg), where number of entries and duration of stay in open arm and light arena increased in elevated plus maze and light and dark arena respectively when compared with control animals.Conclusions: Our study reveals that AETBFP at a dose of 36mg/kg has significant attenuation of anxiety in Swiss albino mice.

Effect of Pesticide Indoxacarb on the Thyroid Gland in Swiss Albino Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Salma Abusrer ◽  
Zainab EL Mabrouk ◽  
Habiba El Jaafari ◽  
Naema Shibani ◽  
Sassia Regeai
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Tsh Levels

Background and objectives: Pesticides play an essential role in crop protection, but their overuse caused environmental pollution and harmful effect on different animal body systems, including the endocrine system. The thyroid gland is one of the homeostatic regulators of metabolic activities, which is affected by the elements of the external environment. There are very limited studies on the effect of indoxacarb on the histological architecture and functions of thyroid gland. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of examining functionally and histologically of the thyroid gland exposed to indoxacarb. Method: 24 Swiss albino mice male and female were randomly divided into two groups, each group male and female; group I is a control group given orally with 1ml of distilled water and group II orally treated with 120 mg/kg Bw. of indoxacarb daily for 3 weeks. Blood samples were collected from each mouse under anesthetic to determine the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4) levels. Thyroid gland histopathology was attained for the evaluation of the indoxacarb effect. Results: The treated mice showed non-significant increase in T4 levels and a significant decrease in TSH levels but there was no significant difference recorded in T4 and TSH levels between sexes. Histologically, the sections of the thyroid gland of the treated group showed empty and irregular follicles, degeneration of the follicular epithelial tissue, and hyperplasia in the lining of some follicles, the capsule with congestion blood vessels. Conclusion: This study concluded that indoxacarb may act as a thyroid gland toxicant.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective effects of Zingerone against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced brain mitochondrial toxicity in Swiss albino mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 548-552
Author(s):  
Mohammad Firoz Alam
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Brain Mitochondria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Toxicity ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Group I ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group Ii

The present study targeted the brain mitochondria dysfunction in Swiss albino mice through carbon tetrachloride intoxication and its treatment with Zingerone. It is proposed that brain mitochondria is the main organelle responsible for oxidative stress by producing  reactive oxygen species (ROS). Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups; Group-1 was control; Group-2 was carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) toxic (1.5mg kg-1 bm i.p two days in a week.); Group-3 was pretreated with Zingerone (100 mg kg-1 b.m)  a day before  the administration of CCl4 and Group-4 was only Zingerone (100 mg kg-1 bm) given orally for 15days once in a day. At the end of the experiment mice were sacrificed and mitochondria were isolated from brain. Isolated brain mitochondria were further analyzed for oxidative stress marker. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) content was increased significantly by CCl4 administration in Group-II as compared to the control Group-I, while the antioxidant (GSH) and other antioxidant enzyme GPx , GR, and CAT was depleted significantly in CCl4 treated Group-II as compare to control Group-I. Zingerone protected the  toxicity of brain mitochondria by reducing the lipid peroxidation and enhancing the antioxidant enzyme in Group-III and there was no significant changes were noticed in Group-IV as  compared to Group-I. Overall results showed the potential effects of Zingerone in protecting the neuronal cell loss by oxidative stress. Thus, the  present study indicated that the Zingerone may be used as the potential therapeutic tools for the prevention of CCl4 induced brain mitochondrial toxicity.  

scholarly journals Antiarthritic Activity of Achyranthes Aspera on Formaldehyde - Induced Arthritis in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
pp. 2709-2714
Author(s):  
Velmurugan Chinnasamy ◽  
Vetriselvan Subramaniyan ◽  
Sarath Chandiran ◽  
Saminathan Kayarohanam ◽  
Dhanapal Сhidambaram Kanniyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Test Dose ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Histopathological Investigation

AIM: To determine the ameliorative potential of aqueous extract of Achyranthesaspera(AEAA) against arthritis using swiss albino mice and Wistar rats, and its possible mechanism of action. METHODS: Swiss albino mice (25-30 g) and Wistar rats (150-180 g) under standard controlled conditions (24 ± 2°C, 50-70 humidity and 12 h light/dark cycle). The groups were divided into 6 groups (n = 6/group) and assigned as control, negative control, standard and, formaldehyde supplemented with two different test dose groups of A. aspera for 4 weeks. Arthritis induced by subplantar administration of 0.1 ml formaldehyde (2% v/v) into the left hind paw in all groups except normal control. Arthritis was assessed using serum Hb, ESR, paw volume, joint diameter, radiological and histopathological investigation. RESULTS: Oral administration of AEAA shown a significant (p < 0.01) dose-dependent protection against formaldehyde induced arthritis. At 21st day, A.asperashown an inhibition of paw volume in the different doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg were found to be 30% and, 38.33% respectively. At 14th day the joint swelling was found to be 27.2% and 36.36 respectively. Diclofenac (10 mg/kg) had an effect of 36.61% inhibition of arthritis and joint swelling at 21st and 14th day. CONCLUSION: Thus, the present study revealed that the aqueous extract of A. aspera offered significant protection against arthritis and joint inflammation.

scholarly journals Chemotherapeutic Efficacy of Indigofera aspalathoides on 20-Methylcholanthrene-Induced Fibrosarcoma in Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selva Kumar Sivagnanam ◽  
Mudiganti Ram Krishna Rao ◽  
Maruthaiveeran Periyasamy Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver And Kidney

The present study was undertaken to test the chemopreventive effects of one herbal medicinal plant, Indigofera aspalathoides, on chemically induced carcinogenesis in rats. A well-known polyaromatic hydrocarbon, namely, 20-methylcholanthrene, which is a known carcinogenic substance, was used to induce fibrosarcoma in Wistar strain of male albino rats. Fibrosarcoma rats were treated with aqueous extracts of Indigofera aspalathoides. The rats were divided into four groups, each consisting of six animals. Group I served as normal control, Group II served as fibrosarcoma-induced animals, Group III were fibrosarcoma-bearing animals treated with aqueous extracts of Indigofera aspalathoides, and Group IV animals, which were normal healthy animals treated with Indigofera aspalathoides aqueous extract, served as drug control set. Group III and Group IV animals were treated with aqueous extract of Indigofera aspalathoides intraperitoneally at a dose of 250 mg/kg. b.w. for 30 days. The fibrosarcoma was proved by pathological examinations. The activity levels of nucleic acids such as total DNA and RNA and hexose, hexosamine, and sialic acid in liver and kidney of treated rats were used to monitor the chemopreventive role of the plant extract. The observed increase in the levels of DNA, RNA, hexose, hexosamine, and sialic acid in liver and kidney tissues of fibrosarcoma-bearing animals reached near normal state after the treatment with aqueous extracts of Indigofera aspalathoides, suggesting that Indigofera aspalathoides does have a chemotherapeutic role.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF TAPENTADOL IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Pradeep Be ◽  
Narendranath S ◽  
Shruthi Ks ◽  
Shashikala Gh ◽  
Krishnagouda Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Group I ◽  
Antidepressant Efficacy ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Post Hoc

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antidepressant activity of tapentadol using forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) experimental models.Methods: A total of 36 Swiss albino mice (18 for each experimental model) were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each. In both the experimental models, Group I received normal saline – 10 ml/kg (Control group), Groups II and III given tapentadol 20 mg/kg and tapentadol 40 mg/kg, respectively, for 7 days, intraperitoneally. On day 7, the drugs were given 40 minutes before conducting the experiment. The duration of immobility was noted and compared among all the 3 groups. The observations were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey’s post-hoc test.Results: The duration of immobility was significantly decreased in both the experimental models. Tapentadol groups when compared to control group showed statistically significant values, and better results were obtained with tapentadol 20 mg/kg groups in both the models. The mean duration of Immobility was 34.67 seconds in FST model and 101.00 seconds in TST model when treated with tapentadol 20 mg/kg compared to 102.33 seconds in FST control and 141 seconds in TST control groups. FST model demonstrates greater antidepressant efficacy of tapentadol (p<0.00) than with TST model (p<0.04).Conclusion: Tapentadol showed significant antidepressant activity at the dose of 20 mg/kg. The results should be further confirmed by animal studies with different experimental models for the evaluation of depression and by human clinical studies, and if found effective, tapentadol can be preferred for patients with chronic pain, such as cancer pain.

scholarly journals Evaluation of analgesic activity of glucose in Swiss Albino mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Velarul S. ◽  
Shobnaarani . ◽  
Sathiya Vinotha ◽  
Ponnuswamy .
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Group I ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Animal House

Background: Pain is the first and foremost symptom which alerts us about the underlying diseases, injuries or inflammation. Varied treatments are followed for pain relief worldwide. Nowadays tramadol, a centrally acting opioid analgesic is used widely. There are evidences that sweet substances like sucrose produce analgesia through endogenous opioid system. Sucrose has been proved to produce analgesic effect in healthy neonates and also in animals. Likewise, analgesic effect of glucose has also been studied but only limited no. of studies available.Methods: Swiss Albino mice of either sex (20-30g) were procured from the central animal house of KFMS and R, Coimbatore. Animals were maintained under controlled temperature and light conditions with food and water ad libitum. Mice were kept in the department to get acclimatized. 24 mice were divided into 4 groups (n=6). Drugs were given orally after 12hours of fasting. Group I was the control. Group II received standard-tramadol (40mg/kg). Group III received glucose (200mg/kg). Group IV received glucose (400mg/kg).Results: The latency period of glucose was significant (p<0.001) compared to controls and standard was significant (p<0.001) when compared to glucose by hot plate method.Conclusions: Analgesic activity of glucose may be due to both central and peripheral inhibition of PG synthesis. This has been proved in previous studies. This study showed that glucose can be used as an add-on in non-diabetic patients with better compliance.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Effects of Aqueous Extract of Opilia celtidifolia (Opiliaceae) Leaves against Ethanol-Induced Liver Damage in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. P. Amang ◽  
E. Kodji ◽  
C. Mezui ◽  
M. P. Baane ◽  
G. T. Siwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Hepatocellular Injury ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Histological Sections

Objective. Opilia celtidifolia is a plant used in Cameroonian ethnomedicine to cure jaundice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of O. celtidifolia leaves aqueous extract in rats subjected to ethanol-induced liver damage. Material and Methods. 36 rats including 18 males and 18 females were divided into 6 groups of 3 males and 3 females each, namely, 3 control groups (normal, negative, positive) and 3 test groups. The normal and negative control groups were given distilled water (5 ml/kg), the positive control group received silymarin (100 mg/kg), and the test groups were given O. celtidifolia extract at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. All groups, except the normal control, received concomitantly and daily 40% ethanol (4 g/kg) for 3 weeks to induce hepatotoxicity. Biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, and lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides) were evaluated. Histological sections of the liver, kidneys, and lungs were examined. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of the extract were carried out. Results. The groups treated with the extract at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg showed a significant decrease ( p < 0.001 ) of transaminases (ALT and AST), ALP, and bilirubin compared with the negative control. These results were confirmed by observation of histological sections of the liver that confirmed protective action of extract against ethanol-induced hepatocellular injury. Conclusion. O. celtidifolia possesses hepatoprotective properties that could be related to its high content of tannins and saponins in the leaves aqueous extract.

scholarly journals The Effect of Palm Oil-Fried Street Kokor on Liver and Kidney Biomarkers of Swiss Albino Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hailemariam Amsalu ◽  
Tesaka Wondimnew ◽  
Tigist Mateos ◽  
Minale Fekadie ◽  
Gesese Bogale
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Group I ◽  
Fried Foods ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Albino Mice

Background. Foods fried with oils at streets contain many harmful substances for health. Locally fried foods are consumed commonly in our society, yet their health effect is not studied. Objective. To assess the effect of palm oil-fried street kokor on liver and kidney biomarkers of Swiss Albino mice. Methods. Thirty-two male and female Swiss Albino mice with the age of 10-12 weeks old were divided randomly into four groups of eight members with equal male and female subgroups. The control group (group I) received only a standard pellet, and the experimental groups (group II, group III, and group IV) received 10%, 20%, and 30% kokor of their daily food consumption, respectively. At the end of the 6th week, they were sacrificed by thoracoabdominal incision after anesthetizing by diethyl ether. Blood was taken from each mouse by cardiac puncture and analyzed for liver and kidney function tests. Result. The serum levels of liver damage biomarkers (alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST)) and kidney damage biomarkers (urea and creatinine) of experimental groups were increased significantly relative to the control groups ( P < 0.05 ). Level of biochemical profiles increased as the dose of kokor increased. Conclusions. Palm oil-fried street kokor damaged the liver and kidney of the mice, and the damage was exacerbated as the dose of kokor increased.

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