Thyroid disorders, epidemiology and outcome among patients in South Western region: Southern Saudi Arabia

Background: Thyroid gland may have a group of a medical condition that affects its main function. The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck and produces thyroid hormones. The released hormones go through the blood to many body organs for regulating their function, meaning that it is an endocrine organ. These hormones normally act in the body to regulate energy use, infant development, and childhood development. The study aimed to assess the epidemiology of thyroid disorders among cases in the south-western region, Saudi Arabia, and to assess the reporting quality for these cases data.Methods: A retrospective record based descriptive approach was used through reviewing medical records of all cases that were admitted and diagnosed as thyroid related disorders for different indications in the main hospital (king Khalid Hospital) during the period from January 2018 to January 2020. Data extracted throng pre-structured questionnaire including patient's bio-clinical data, preoperative radiological and laboratory investigations. Also, laryngoscope pre and post operatively was reviewed to record findings.Results: The study included 405 cases with thyroid disorders whose ages ranged from 15 to 71 years old with a mean age of 30.5±10.6 years. Females were 82.7% of the included cases, and 83.8% were Saudi. Thyroid related symptoms were recorded for 1-2 years among 58.1% of the cases and for more than 5 years among 15.8%. Thyroid enlargement was recorded for 73.1% of the cases. The multinodular enlargement was recorded for 53.5% of the cases followed with diffuse thyroid enlargement (27.3%). Regarding the type of surgery undergone, total thyroidectomy was the most recorded followed with lobectomy.Conclusions: The study revealed that the majority of the cases were females at middle age presented with benign lesions with Euthyroid status. The most important conclusion was the significant remarkable underreporting of the different clinical data for the cases with many missing items.

Download Full-text

Connection between the disorder of the function of the thyroid gland and the appearance of the somatic symptoms with the patients

Medicinski glasnik Specijalne bolnice za bolesti štitaste žlezde i bolesti metabolizma ◽

10.5937/medgla2180007s ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (80) ◽

pp. 7-33

Author(s):

Gordana Stanić ◽

Snežana Marinković

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Thyroid Gland ◽

Body Mass ◽

Thyroid Disease ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Somatic Symptoms ◽

The Body ◽

Thyroid Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Length Of Treatment

Introduction: The thyroid gland is one of the most important endocrine glands that has the function of releasing hormones that regulate metabolism in adults. Thyroid hormones act directly or indirectly on almost all systems in the body, so they can negatively affect the health of an individual, who have a high risk of developing disorders in psychosomatic symptoms. The occurrence of somatization in patients can be accompanied by a direct impact of thyroid disorders on certain organs and systems, but it can also be non-specific in relation to the disease itself. Objective: To examine the relationship between different disorders of the thyroid gland and the occurrence of somatic symptoms in patients, according to age, body mass index and length of treatment. Material and methods: The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study in 221 outpatients with thyroid disease at the Special Hospital for Thyroid Diseases and Metabolic Diseases "Zlatibor", from February to July 2018. In addition to the sociodemographic questionnaire, a four-dimensional symptom questionnaire subscale (4DSQ) was used in the study to assess the occurrence and level of somatization in subjects. Results: There is an association between different thyroid disorders and a high score on the somatization scale (16.05 ± 8.34), in 69.7% of subjects. In our subjects, the most pronounced somatic symptoms have subjects with hypothyroidism (M = 17.5; as = 16.44 ± 8.26), subjects over 61 years (19.29 ± 8.29). Musculoskeletal somatic symptoms were expressed in 72.4% of subjects. Pronounced somatization (19.40 ± 8.32) have subjects who have elevated body mass index values (35-39.9), as well as subjects who have been treated for thyroid disease for more than ten years (19.7 ± 8.7). Conclusion: This study showed that there is an association between thyroid disorders and the appearance of somatic symptoms in patients. In patients, there are moderate somatic symptoms that are associated with age, body mass index and length of treatment.

Download Full-text

Retrospective Analysis of Patients Undergoing Total Thyroidectomy for the Last Three Years in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i47b33160 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 602-608

Author(s):

K. Mahalakshmi ◽

R. BarathChinnaswami ◽

V. Shruthi Kamal

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

Total Thyroidectomy ◽

The Body ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Thyroid Disorders ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Age Group ◽

Female Population ◽

The Past ◽

Surgical Methods

Background: The incidence of thyroid disorders has increased in the past decade in South India and the increase may be attributed to the phenomenon of overdiagnosis. The thyroid gland secretes hormones, which have various metabolic effects in the body. Most commonly the patients with thyroid disorders present with symptoms of hyperthyroid, hypothyroid and at times, though euthyroid, they may develop a swelling in the neck that has been caused by a goiter (single/multiple), thyroiditis, Grave’s disease, or thyroid carcinoma. In these conditions where there is an associated hyperthyroid or hypothyroid state, it is essential for the consulting physician to provide appropriate management with the aim of bringing the thyroid gland to a euthyroid state prior to further surgical methods. These benign and malignant conditions are initially medically managed but, surgical interventions are indicated sometimes. Total thyroidectomy, subtotal thyroidectomy, partial thyroidectomy, hemi thyroidectomy are the most common surgical procedures performed. Among these procedures, the total thyroidectomy procedure has been gaining an increase of incidence in the past decade. Objectives: The aim of the study is to analyze the indication rate of various conditions requiring total thyroidectomy surgery, to analyze the most affected age group and sex and to know if the incidence rate coincides with the known international standard. The post-operative complication incidence is also analyzed. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted over a period of three years at Department of General Surgery, Saveetha Medical College, Thandalam. Results: The study shows an increased occurrence between 21-40 years old age group, mostly affecting the female population. Nodular goiter is the most common indication for total thyroidectomy surgery, carcinomas are the second most common. Among carcinomas, papillary is the most common type observed in this study. Conclusion: Total thyroidectomy is effective in treating several thyroid disorders and the risk of recurrence in subtotal, partial or hemi thyroidectomy outweighs the risk of complication during surgery in total thyroidectomy.

Download Full-text

Thyroid disorder: treatment with acupuncture

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20173095 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (7) ◽

pp. 227 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Blagica Arsovska ◽

Jihe Zhu

Keyword(s):

Chinese Medicine ◽

Thyroid Gland ◽

Internal State ◽

Unplanned Pregnancy ◽

The Body ◽

Thyroid Disorders ◽

Thyroid Disorder ◽

Disorder Treatment ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Made In

<p class="abstract">The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck secreting thyroid hormones. When hormones are not secreted properly, the two conditions may occur - hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Acupuncture as a treatment for thyroid disorders is used very common and it can improve the symptoms significantly. The patients is a 42 year old woman, who first came to the clinic on 14.02.2013 with very low level of TSH=0,2. Since then she has made 29 treatments in a period of three years, until 12.01.2016. Acupuncture treatments were made in a clinic for Traditional Chinese Medicine and acupuncture in Skopje, Macedonia. During the treatment her hormone levels normalized, although she faced and unplanned pregnancy and went from hyperthyroidism to hypothyroidism. The last results are from the analysis made on 12.01.2016 - FT4=9, 7 TSH=2,9 TPO<10 TG<20. Acupuncture has a positive effect as a treatment for thyroid disorders, regulating the flow of the energy and restoring the balance of the internal state of the body. </p>

Download Full-text

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.33029/0016-9900-2020-99-4-379-383 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

pp. 379-383

Author(s):

Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽

N. A. Donchenko ◽

Ju. N. Kozlova ◽

N. A. Davidova ◽

V. Yu. Koptev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Barrier Function ◽

Infectious Agent ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

The Body ◽

Main Function ◽

Pathogenic Potential ◽

The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

Download Full-text

Reproductive Organ Education for Psychic Health Development of Early Age

International Conference of Moslem Society ◽

10.24090/icms.2018.3255 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Dwi Darwati

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Early Childhood Development ◽

Deviant Behavior ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Reproductive Organ ◽

The Body ◽

Childhood Development ◽

Early Age ◽

Digital Era ◽

Stage Of Development

Reproductive health education should be given since early childhood by using language that is adapted to the stage of development. If you procrastinate and wait until the teenager it is already too late because in the days of the digital era, as now, all the information can be easily accessed by anyone including children early age. If the early childhood misinformed about their reproductive organs it would disrupt the physical and psychological development due to the wrong behavior in caring for and maintaining reproductive organs. Qur’an as the holy book of Muslims describes the steps of reproduction and imparting education wisely as well as how to apply such education. This kind of education must be in accordance with the conditions of children and there should not be a lie about it We can also use media and methods such as pictures, songs, tap or other visual media which can give clearer information, so that children can clearly see parts of the body, their characteristics, and how to treat and care them. The impropriate approach in conveying this kind of knowledge will be very dangerous for children. The provision of early age reproductive organs education can prevent the occurrence of deviant behavior as well as protect children from dangerous influence in early childhood development.

Download Full-text

THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: THE STATE OF THE PROBLEM AND THE WAYS OF SOLVING

Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) ◽

10.24884/1561-6274-2018-22-4-40-49 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 40-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. R. Volkova ◽

O. D. Dygun ◽

B. G. Lukichev ◽

S. V. Dora ◽

O. V. Galkina

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Thyroid Gland ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

The Body ◽

Type I ◽

Low T3 ◽

Iodine Excretion

Disturbance of the thyroid function is often detected in patients with different profiles. A special feature of patients with chronic kidney disease is the higher incidence of various thyroid function disturbances, especially hypothyroidism. It is known that in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) iodine excretion from the body is violated, since normally 90% of iodine is excreted in urine. Accumulation of high concentrations of inorganic iodine leads to the formation of the Wolf-Chaikoff effect: suppression of iodine organization in the thyroid gland and disruption of the thyroid hormones synthesis. Peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones is also disturbed, namely, deiodinase type I activity is suppressed and peripheral conversion of T4 into T3 is inhibited (so-called low T3 syndrome). Therefore, patients with CKD are often diagnosed with hypothyroidism, and the origin of hypothyroidism is not always associated with the outcome of autoimmune thyroiditis. The article presents an overview of a large number of population studies of thyroid gland dysfunction in patients with CKD, as well as experimental data specifying the pathogenetic mechanisms of thyroid dysfunction in patients with CKD. Therapeutic tactics are still not regulated. However, in a number of studies, replacement therapy with thyroid hormones in patients with CKD had some advantages.

Download Full-text