scholarly journals A comparative study of demographical and clinical characteristics on the level of pain severity

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 3844
Author(s):  
Sekplin A. S. Sekeon ◽  
Arthur H. P. Mawuntu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
School Level ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Sex

Background: Pain is one of the global public health challenges. Pain is not only contributing to physical complaint but also mental and personality dimension as well as productivity issues. Severity of pain is affected by multiple factors, including biological, psychological, and social factors. The objective of the study was to analyse whether there is difference of severity level of pain among several demographical and clinical characteristics of patients with pain.Methods: A hospital-based observational study was conducted with cross-sectional design for six months period. Population of research were patients with pain as the chief complaint treated at the neurology outpatient clinic. Eligible sample were obtained through consecutive total sampling technique. The difference of severity of pain (mild/moderate/severe) and 6 characteristics of patients (age group, sex, number of morbidities, body area of pain, onset and working diagnosis) were analysed. Chi square statistical analysis with SPSS version 17.0 was employed with p value <0,05 were regarded as significant level.Results: Majority of patients were female (58.8%), in the 51-60 age group, at senior high school level and living in urban area. Almost half of the patients with pain have no history of comorbidity (45.9%), which relatively almost equal with patients with single comorbidity. Three mostly affected body areas were shoulder, wrist, and lower back. Majority of patients admitted with moderate level of pain. The onset of pain was mostly above 6 months before visiting the clinic. During the study period, the most frequently working diagnosis were carpal tunnel syndrome and osteoarthritis knee. In bivariate analysis, we found that among 6 demographical and clinical characteristics, body area of pain and working diagnosis have significant difference associated with severity of pain (p value<0.05).Conclusions: There is significant difference of severity of pain based on body area of pain and working diagnosis. We could not detect significant difference of severity of pain based on age group, sex, number of comorbidity and onset of pain.

scholarly journals Characterization of patient safety incidents reported by patients or families to the brazilian health regulatory system – 2014 – 2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 45655-45661
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Learning From Errors ◽  
Safety Incident ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Safety Incidents

Patient safety incidents, especially adverse events (AEs), are a global public health issue. The objective of the study was to characterize patient safety incidents reported by patients or families to the Brazilian Health Regulatory System (SNVS). This is a descriptive, retrospective study with a quantitative approach, using a database from the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA), NOTIVISA - Citizen module, 2014 to 2019. A total of 1355 safety incident were reported, a majority from the Southeast region (45.3%), occurred more frequently among women (58.0%) aged between 26 and 35 (16.7%) and 56 and 65 years (16.5%). Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) (36.3%) were the most frequently notified event, followed by medication/intravenous fluid (IV) incident (36.2%). Injury was mostly classified as mild (32.0%) and moderate (23.7%). From a total of 33 deaths, the majority (51.5%) were due to HAI. There was a significant association between the proportion of deaths and age group (p-value = 0.032). Most notifications were related to HAIs, followed by drugs or IV fluids and most reported incidents resulting in death were due to HAIs, with a significant difference observed in the proportion of deaths in relation to age group. The study demonstrates the need for greater encouragement and participation of patients and family members in reporting incidents, valuing their experiences for continuous learning from errors in health services.

TO WHAT EXTENT DOES THE VANCOMYCIN ASSAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE VARIABILITY IN VANCOMYCIN CONCENTRATION ESTIMATES IN NEONATES?

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. e1.10-e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Samardžić ◽  
A. Smits ◽  
V. Cossey ◽  
I. Soldatović ◽  
M. Bajčetić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
P Value ◽  
Congenital Diseases ◽  
Vancomycin Concentration ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Postmenstrual Age ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trough Levels

*presenting author, supported by ERAWEB II scholarship for postdoctoral program at the KU Leuven, Belgium (2014–2015)IntroductionVancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic, is frequently used for late onset sepsis (LOS) and catheter-related infection. Larger inter- and intra-patient variability, combined with a narrow therapeutic index, warrants therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). However, large inter-individual variability in PK parameters in neonates is documented, only partly explained by covariates such as weight, age or serum creatinine (1,2). In the current study, we focus on the potential impact of between assay differences for vancomycin (3) on the variability in its concentration in a single neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).MethodsVancomycin TDM observations of neonates and young infants treated with intravenous vancomycin, mainly for (suspected) LOS (ie, >72 hours after birth), in the Leuven NICU, Belgium, between June 2011 and December 2014. Our patient population, consists of (pre)term neonates, inborn or transferred, in need of specialized care related to prematurity, infections, perinatal asphyxia, congenital diseases (eg, surgery for cardiopathy, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, or esophageal atresia), or other diseases. Clinical characteristics at birth, as well as characteristics at the moment of TDM were extracted from the patient files. We aimed to document early vancomycin exposure, therefore only first trough levels were included. Serum vancomycin assay was performed either with a particle-enhanced turbidimetric inhibitionimmunoassay method (Siemens Dimension; Dade Behring, Deerfield, Illinois–PETINIA) or with an enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (Cobas c702; Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Germany–COBAS). The data were analyzed by Chi-square test, t test and Mann-Whitney U test. Linear Mix Model was used to assess significant differences between groups, when adjusting for confounding factors. Data were analyzed in SPSS 20.0 (IBM corp.), p-value <0.05 was significant.ResultsIn total, 564 vancomycin TDM observations, 311 assayed with PETINIA and 253 with COBAS, were included. Both cohorts had comparable clinical characteristics (median [min-max] current weight 2150 [420–5000] grams for PETINIA vs. 2120 [500–5840] grams for COBAS, and median postmenstrual age 35 [25–58] weeks for PETINIA vs. 35 [25–51] weeks for COBAS). We determined the significant difference between the vancomycin concentrations using two different immunoassays: PETINIA vs. COBAS (F=17.971; p<0.001). When adjusting for current body weight and postmenstrual age, the major covariates associated with vancomycin serum trough levels in neonates, the difference in vancomycin concentration between cohorts was statistically significant (F=17.076, p<0.001, F=18.951, p<0.001, respectively). Overall, immunoassays PETINIA and COBAS significantly differed by vancomycin concentrations when adjusting for covariates, and the mean difference for vancomycin concentration was 2.167 mg/l.ConclusionThe present study confirms the impact of assays on the variability in vancomycin concentration in neonates in a single NICU. Comparison between these two immunoassays showed a mean proportional differences >20%. Therefore, it is important to know how the vancomycin is measured when interpreting results, and particularly the transferability of vancomycin results between the laboratories has to be interpreted with caution.

scholarly journals CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND KINESITHERAPY TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL TORTICOLLIS MUSCULAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Zheralldin Durguti ◽  
Ardiana Murtezani ◽  
Eqrem Gara ◽  
Teuta Durguti
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Congenital Torticollis ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Muscular Torticollis ◽  
Neck Mobility ◽  
Therapy Clinic

  Objective: Torticollis is a deformity characterized by the lateral flexion of the head to the arm on the side of the localization of deformity and its rotation on the opposite side. The aim of this paper is to identify the clinical characteristics that have an impact on the progression of the congenital muscular cramping, as well as to show the role of kinesitherapy in the treatment of torticollis.Methods: The research was conducted in the “Therapy” - Physical Therapy Clinic in Pristina, in the 2-year period since February 2014 until 2016. The total number of infants diagnosed with torticollis is 160, ranging from 0 to 9 months. At the beginning of the research, the examinations of all infants were performed, all the necessary tests, measurements, and motor functions. Afterward, they were rehabilitated for 3 consecutive weeks with 5 sessions per week, a total of 15 sessions for each. After the rehabilitation was completed, over again, the same tests were made as it was done in the beginning. Questionnaires were completed on the first and last visit for all infants.Results: In the first visit of the infants’ examination, there was no significant difference between the groups (Chi-test=0.96, p=0.1), whereas in the second examination, after 15 rehabilitation sessions, there was a significant difference in improvement of all the treated groups with kinesiotherapy. Significant result was achieved in mobility where at the beginning of the treatment, there was a very large limitation of neck mobility (different mean = −31.0±10.0.95% CI: 33.7-−28.2, p<0.001). A small limitation of mobility remained only among some third-degree infants in the 6-9 month age group because of the time appearance for physical treatment was delayed (different mean = −27.8±12.6, 95%, CI: 31.2-−24.4, p<0.001).Conclusion: From the results of our research on kinesiotherapy with infant toddlers with torticollis, we conclude that kinesitherapy has a primary and very successful effect on the treatment of babies with muscular torticollis.

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE OF HEPATITIS PREVENTION AMONG REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP WOMEN FROM PAKISTAN DEMOGRAPHIC HEALTH SURVEY DATA 2012-13

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Faiz Rasul Awan ◽  
Muhammad Safdar Baig ◽  
Atiq ur Rehman Khan
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Pakistan and Egypt bear more than 80% of the burden of disease as more than 12 million people are suffering from hepatitis B or C infection and there is addition of about 150000 new cases each year.Methods: We have used secondary data PDHS - Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, DHS has become the gold standard of survey data in developing countries, a project by ORC Macro with financial support from the USAID for the International Development carried out as multistage, cluster sampling for its data collection on multiple questions, most pertinent from our study point view the maternal and child health related to knowledge attitude and practices of hepatitis and its prevention. Results:The final multivariate model six variables came out to be statistically significant with their adjusted odd's ration p-value and 95% confidence interval i.e., use of new disposable syringe every time for therapeutic injection purpose, the respondent being rich as wealth index, reading newspapers and magazines, watching television as source of information, area of residence being urban and with higher educational level came out to be most important variable which are making statistically significant difference for prevention of hepatitis among females of reproductive age group as our study population from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2012-13. Conclusion: It is quite evident from the results of our study that use of new disposal syringes, being rich , being educated, having access to information resources like watching television, listening radio, reading newspaper & magazine and being as an urban dwellers are significant factor among women of reproductive age groups for prevention of hepatitis.

scholarly journals Time to viral load suppression and its associated factors in cohort of patients taking antiretroviral treatment in East Shewa Zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia, 2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jemal H Ali
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Plasma Viral Load ◽  
Baseline Viral Load ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Human immuno-deficiency virus is a virus that causes Acquired Immuno- Deficiency Syndrome. The key goal of ART is to achieve and maintain durable viral suppression. Thus, the most important use of the viral load is to monitor the effectiveness of therapy after initiation of ART. The main objective of the study was to determine the time for virological suppression and its associated factors among people living with HIV taking antiretroviral treatments in East shewa zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia. Methods: The study was conducted in East Shewa zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia from August 2017 to January 2018. Patients diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus presenting to the study health centers between October 3, 2011 and March 1, 2013 were included in the study given the following criteria: age 18 years or greater, eligible to start ART. All patients with baseline viral load measurement were included in the study. Interaction between explanatory variables with the response variable was analyzed by using cross tab features of SPSS, IBM Inc. Significance group comparison was done by Kaplan Meier log rank test. Cox proportional hazard model was used to select significant factors to the variability between groups. Data was collected by using structured questionnaires and interview. A total of ETB 81,120.00 was utilized to carry out the study. Result: plasma viral load was suppressed below detection level in 72% of individuals taking different regimen of ART. The median HIV-1 plasma viral load in the cohort was log 5.3111 copies/ml. Survival curve difference were observed in category of marital status (p-value 0.023) and baseline CD4 values (p-value 0.023) whereas no significant difference were observed in Educational status (p-value 0.404), MUAC (p- value 0.407) BMI(p-value 0.335) and BTB(p-value 0.257). Estimated median time to PVL suppression was 181days (CI: 140.5-221.4) with the age group of 30-39years having minimum time to achieve suppression with 92 days (CI: 60.1-123.8) and the maximum time required to reach the level was age group between 50-59 years. Conclusion: Estimated time to achieve PVL after taking ART was found to be 181 days. Factors affecting time to suppression level was marital status and baseline CD4.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Tablet Fe Terhadap Hemoglobin Pada Taruni Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Anggi Vina Hariyati ◽  
Cahyaningrum ◽  
Adil Zulkarnain
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Merchant Marine ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Anemia is one of the public health problems that need more attention of the female because they experience menstruation and they are in the growth phase. From the data of Semarang City Health Office  in 2011, it is shown the incidence of anemia in adolescents aged 10-19 years old are 68.24%. The prevention effort of the case is by measuring hemoglobin and prescribing blood supplement. The objective of the study is to find out the effect of Fe tablets on Hemoglobin in Semarang Merchant Marine Polytechnique students. The objective of the study is to find out the effect of Fe tablets on Hemoglobin in Semarang Merchant Marine Polytechnique students. This research used pre-experimental design with the two group pretest posttest. The population in this Study were all Merchant Marine Polytechnique Semarang at the 4th semester of female students  amounting to 50 with the total respondents 34 respondents taken with purposive sampling technique. The data were collected by performing Hemoglobin examination. The results of the study show that the average Hemoglobin before being prescribed Fe on the intervention and control group was 11.29 g/dl. After being prescribed Fe to the intervention group, it is found the average increased to 13.69 g/dl, while in the control group it is found averaged 11.72 g/dl. Bivariate Analysis uses an independent t test, the value of t is 6.136 with a p-value of   0.000. It shows that the p-value is 0,000 <((0.05), this indicates that there is a significant difference in the decrease in Hemoglobin levels in the population after being prescribed blood supplement between the intervention and control groups in The Semarang Merchant Marine Politechnique Students. It is suggested that the female adolescents to consume more iron-containing foods or consume Fe supplements such as Fe, during menstruation. ABSTRAK  Anemia merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang perlu khusus nya pada remaja  putri yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus karena remaja putri mengalami mestruasi tiap bulan dan dalam masa pertumbuhan . Hasil Data Dinas Kesehatan Kota Semarang tahun 2011.  Kejadian anemia pada remaja usia 10-19 sebanyak 68,24%. Untuk menangani masalah tersebut pencegahan yang dilakukan yaitu dengan cara mengukur hemoglobin dan pemberian suplemen tablet tambah darah . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat Pengaruh Pemberian Tablet Fe Terhadap Hemoglobin Pada Taruni Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat Pengaruh Pemberian Tablet Fe Terhadap Hemoglobin Pada Taruni Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan  pre-eksperimen design dengan rancangan Two group pretest posttest. Populasi dalam penelitian iniadalah seluruh taruni politeknik ilmu pelayaran semarang semester 4 berjumlah 50 taruni dengan jumlah sempel 34 responden dengan tehnik pengambilan sempel purposive sampling. Pengambilan data dengan melakukan pemeriksaan Hemoglobin.  Penelitian menunjukan bahwa rata-rata Hemoglobin sebelum diberikan pada taruni kelompok intervensi  dan  kontrol sama yaitu  11,29 g/dl.  Dan setelah diberikan pada kelompok intervensi  rata-rata meningkat menjadi 13,69 g/dl, sedangkan  kelompok kontrol rata-rata sebesar 11,72 g/dl. Analisis bivariate Menggunakan uji t independen, didapatkan nilai t hitung 6,136 dengan p-value sebesar 0,000. Terlihat bahwa p-value 0,000 <a (0,05), ini menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan secara signifikan penurunan (selisih) kadar Hemoglobin b pada taruni sesudah diberikan tablet penambah darah antara kelompok intervensi dan kontrol pada taruni Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang.  Hendaknya bagi remaja putri lebih banyak mengomsumsi makanan yang mengandung zat besi atau mengomsumsi suplemen yang mengandung besi seperti Fe terutama saat mestruasi

Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Antibody among Outpatients of Federal Medical Center, Yenagoa, Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (07) ◽  
pp. 5521-5527
Author(s):  
Dr Oluwayemisi Agnes Olorode ◽  
Ofonime M. Ogba ◽  
Williams E. Ebisin
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
P Value ◽  
World Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Antibody

Helicobacter Pylori is the most common chronic bacterial infection (acquired early childhood) in humans affecting 50% of the world population and much attention has not been paid to this. This study was carried out between February and October 2019 to test for the presence of Helicobacter Pylori antibody among asymptomatic individuals attending Federal Medical Center, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. A total of 200 {114(57%) males, 86(43%) females} blood samples were collected at ramdom into Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) bottles and immediately transported to the laboratory for analysis using Helicobacter pylori Serology rapid blood test kit. Age was stratified to allow for comparison because the entire outcome was age dependent. Chi square analysis was conducted for the categorical variable. Findings showed that out of 200 samples examined, 88(44%) forty (40 (45%) males and 48(55%) females were positive to Helicobacter pylori infection while 112(56%) were negative. Females of age range 24 -33 had the highest prevalence of 24 (27%) while male of age group 14 to 23 had 21(24%); females of 34 to 44 was 16(18%); 54-63 had 4(05%) and the least was 44 to 53 years with prevalence of 3(03%).  There was a significant difference across the age group and socio-demographic characteristic at p-value = 0.0001 < 0.05 and p-value =0.002068 < 0.05, p-value = 0.000916 <0.05 respectively. Observations showed the higher prevalence in females (53%) than their males (47%) counterparts; likewise the infected individuals host this organism ignorantly and busy treating out of line.  Study with more than one diagnostic technique is recommended to determine the presence of Helicobacter pylori, as rapid blood test is limited due to the presence of antibody in the serum for long after eradication. In conclusion, routine medical examination on Helicobacter pylori is encouraged among individuals in respective of age and status.

scholarly journals The Incidence of Surgical Site Infection in Acute Non Perforated Appendicitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Suraj Raj Bhattarai ◽  
Kishor Kumar Tamrakar
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Perforated Appendicitis ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Sex

Background: Appendectomy is the most commonly performed emergency  surgical procedure and has significant morbidity of surgical site infection (SSIs). Regarding this, there are conflicting reports and dilemma on use of optimal duration of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of SSIs after three doses of perioperative prophylactic antibiot­ics (single dose before surgery and two doses postoperatively) after ap­pendectomy in acute non- perforated appendicitis (NPA). Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the department of General surgery, Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital, from May 2018 to April 2019. All the cases received single dose of antibiotics (cef­triaxone and metronidazole) during the induction of anesthesia and two doses of the same antibiotics postoperatively within 24 hours. SSIs was assessed on 2nd and followed up till 7th postoperative day. The data col­lected was analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: In the study of 100 patients, who received perioperative three doses of antibiotics, the overall frequency of SSIs on 2nd and 3rd post-operative day were 2% (p=.840) and 6% (p=.539) respectively, which was statistically not significant. In follow up after 3rd postoperative day, there was no evidence of SSIs. Statistically there was no significant difference in the incidence and grade of SSIs between age group, sex and duration of operation. Conclusions: A combined three doses of perioperative antibiotics was ad­equate for SSIs prevention in patients of any age group and sex with acute NPA after appendectomy in usual operative time.

Clinical characteristics of melanoma in an ethnically diverse population of adolescents and young adults.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21043-e21043
Author(s):  
Kimberly Ann Miller ◽  
Anthony Pham ◽  
Jacob Stephen Thomas ◽  
Myles G Cockburn ◽  
David Robert Freyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diverse Population ◽  
Acral Lentiginous Melanoma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Melanoma Patients

e21043 Background: Melanoma is the third most common cancer among adolescents and young adults (AYAs; aged 15-39). Disease characteristics have not been well-described in this age group, particularly among diverse populations. We describe clinical features of AYAs diagnosed with melanoma at a large public hospital serving an ethnically diverse population. Methods: We reviewed medical chart data from patients diagnosed with melanoma between 2001-2016 at Los Angeles County + USC Medical Center. We describe clinical characteristics of AYA patients and compare to non-AYAs (aged ≥40) using Fisher’s exact test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 273 melanoma patients identified, 47 (17.3%) were AYAs (mean age 32.3; SD±4.45; lower age range 18). The majority of patients were Hispanic (AYA, 53.2%; non-AYA, 51.1%), followed by non-Hispanic whites (AYA, 38.3%; non-AYA, 38.7%). A greater proportion of AYA patients were female (59.6%) compared to non-AYAs (38.2%) (p < 0.01). No AYA patients reported prior skin cancer compared to 19.9% of non-AYAs; 8.5% of AYAs reported family history of melanoma compared to 6.3% of non-AYAs. For all patients, superficial spreading melanoma was the most common histological subtype (AYA, 21.3%; non-AYA, 20.9%). Nodular melanoma was the second most common subtype in AYAs (17.02%) in contrast to acral lentiginous melanoma among non-AYAs (20.9%). Median Breslow depth was 3.0 mm for AYAs and 2.55 mm among non-AYAs. A slightly higher percentage of AYAs were diagnosed with regional disease (31.9%) than non-AYAs (24.4%), and a greater proportion of non-AYAs presented with distant metastases (AYA, 6.4%; non-AYA, 18.7%). The most common site of diagnosis were the extremities for all patients (AYA, 45.0%; non-AYA, 29.3%). Conclusions: We found similar clinical characteristics between AYA and non-AYA melanoma patients. However, we found a statistically significant difference for gender. The increased incidence of melanoma in female AYAs may be driven by biological factors such as sex hormones or genotype, or tanning behaviors. Further research is warranted to identify predictive and prognostic factors of melanoma among diverse AYAs, particularly females.

scholarly journals Harm Perception and Attitudes towards E-cigarette Use Among Qatar University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Kurdi ◽  
Hanan Abdul Rahim ◽  
Ghadir Al-Jayyousi ◽  
Manar Yaseen ◽  
Aetefeh Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is becoming popular worldwide especially among youth. Research reported that university students have poor knowledge and misconceptions about the health risks of e-cigarettes, which may lead students to use them even in populations where prevalence of cigarette smoking is relatively low. At this age, the influence of peers is also significant. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of e-cigarette use among university students as well as their knowledge and attitudes towards e-cigarettes. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study among Qatar University students using a self-administered online questionnaire. Descriptive univariate analysis of all variables was conducted as well as a bivariate analysis to check the association of e-cigarette use with selected variables. A binary logistic regression was conducted to assess predictors of e-cigarette use. Results: The prevalence of e-cigarette use among students was found to be 14% where 32% of them were daily users. Approximately 42% of the participants agreed that ‘e-cigarettes are less harmful to health compared to traditional cigarettes, and 45.7% of them agreed that ‘e-cigarettes can prevent smoking traditional cigarettes. The prevalence of e-cigarettes use was 16.2% among males and 12.8% among females, which showed no significant difference between the two genders. Females were more likely to use e-cigarettes because they “don’t smell” (P-value=0.023). The study showed a significant association between e-cigarette use and knowledge items (P-value < 0.05) and having a smoker among siblings or friends. At the multivariate analysis level, only the friends’ effect remained significant after controlling for the other variables (OR= 7.3, P-value=0.000). Conclusion: Our research found that university students have inadequate knowledge and misconceptions in regards to e-cigarettes use, especially among users. Effective smoking prevention policy and educational interventions are needed to enhance awareness among university students about the health effects associated with e-cigarettes use.

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