scholarly journals Prevalence of anemia in exclusively breastfed full term babies between 3-6 months of age

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Rajakumar Marol ◽  
Renuka Marol
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: WHO recommends exclusive breast feeding for 6 months without examination for anemia. However there are concerns about the feasibility and safety of this recommendation. Cochrane review studies especially in developing countries, suggest that exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months without iron supplementation may compromise the hematologic status of children leading to IDA and its consequences. So the question arises; does absolute breast feeding protect infants from anemia during first 6 months of life? The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of anemia in exclusively breastfed babies between 3-6 months of age.Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted between January 2019 and December 2019 at Shivajyoti Institute of Child Health-Haveri, in exclusively breastfed infants aged between 3-6 months who attended OPD and underwent complete blood count examination. Hemoglobin levels were collected and anemia was defined and classified as per WHO criteria for 6-24 months old children.Results: Out of 81 infants 52 were males and 29 were females. Age wise, 26 babies were 3 months, 34 were 4 months and 21 were 5 months old. A total of 71 children had anemia; 49 mild, 20 moderate and 2 severe. The prevalence of anemia was 87.6% and it was highest (92.3%) at 3 months of age.Conclusions: Exclusively breastfed infants between 3-6 months are at increased risk of anemia. Therefore infants after 3 months, should be evaluated for anemia and iron deficiency which is the commonest cause of anemia. Such infants should be supplemented with oral iron in addition to exclusive breast feeding for 6 months, to prevent adverse effects of IDA on infants’ growth and development.

scholarly journals Determination of Hemoglobin Level Among 9-Month-Old Infants Visiting Well Child Clinic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110366
Author(s):  
Pongtong Puranitee ◽  
Sajee Fuangfu ◽  
Oraporn Dumrongwongsiri
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Confident Interval ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Screening for anemia is recommended among infants aged 9 to 12 months. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of anemia among 9-month-old infants at Well Child Clinic, and associated factors with anemia. Well Child record of all visits during January to December 2018 were reviewed. Hemoglobin (Hb) was determined by complete blood count (CBC) or point-of-care Hb (POC-Hb). Anemia was found in 99 from 145 infants (68.3%). The prevalence of anemia was 33.3% and 72.8% when tested by CBC and POC-Hb, respectively. Breastfed Infants had significantly lower mean Hb than formula-fed infants. The odd ratio [95% confident interval] of having anemia among infants who were fed with infant formula were 0.37 [0.14-0.94]; P = .038 when compared to breastfed infants. There was a high proportion of anemia among 9-month-old infants in Rama-WCC and breastfeeding was associated with anemia in infants. The use of POC-Hb may overestimate the prevalence of anemia.

Increased risk of eczema but reduced risk of early wheezy disorder from exclusive breast-feeding in high-risk infants

2010 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 866-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Giwercman ◽  
Liselotte B. Halkjaer ◽  
Signe Marie Jensen ◽  
Klaus Bønnelykke ◽  
Lotte Lauritzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Risk Infants ◽  
Reduced Risk

scholarly journals Justification of Universal Iron Supplementation for Infants 6-12 months in Regions with a High Prevalence of Thalassemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phakatip Sinlapamongkolkul ◽  
Pacharapan Surapolchai ◽  
Vip Viprakasit
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Thalassemia Minor ◽  
Hb E

Abstract Background Many clinicians hesitate adopting a universal infant iron supplementation program due to the risk of increased iron absorption for those with thalassemia. We aimed to determine thalassemia prevalence in 6- to 12-month old infants, along with the iron status of those with and without thalassemia. Procedures: We performed a cross-sectional descriptive study of infants attending the Well Baby Clinic at Thammasat University Hospital for routine checkups. Complete blood count, hemoglobin electrophoresis, iron parameters, and molecular genetics for common α- and β-thalassemia were evaluated. Results Overall, 97 of 206 (47%) participants had thalassemia minor, the majority having Hb E traits. None had thalassemia intermedia or major. Familial history of anemia or thalassemia presented an increased risk of detecting thalassemia minor in offspring (OR 5.18; 95% CI 2.60-10.33, p = 0.001). There were no statistical differences in transferrin saturation, serum ferritin and hepcidin between iron-replete infants with thalassemia minor and those without. However, one-third of infants with thalassemia minor (31/97) also had iron deficiency anemia (IDA), with a similar risk of having iron deficiency to infants without thalassemia. There was no hepcidin suppression in our infants with thalassemia minor as compared to controls. Conclusions Both thalassemia and IDA are endemic to Southeast Asia. Infants with thalassemia minor, particularly with Hb E and α-thalassemia traits, are at risk of IDA. Our short-term universal iron supplementation program for 6 to 12-month old infants does not appear to increase the risk of those with thalassemia minor developing iron overload in the future.

scholarly journals Effect of exclusive breast-feeding on the linear growth of children aged 24-36 months in Bandung's urban slum area

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Nenden Ismawaty ◽  
Julistio Djais ◽  
Herry Garna
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Growth Status ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Positive Effect

Background Breast milk is an ideal nutrition source for infantsbecause of its balanced composition, naturally adjusted toinfants' need for growth and without any expenses. However,low education mothers living in slum areas are ignorant towardsinformations about the importance of exclusive breast-feeding.Objective To observe the effects of exclusive breast-feeding onlinear growth of children aged 24-36 months in urban slumsarea.Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on 343children consisted of 188 exclusively breastfed infants and 155nonexclusively breastfed infants in Puskesmas Cigondewaharea on August to September 2007. Anthropometricmeasurements were performed to obtain linear growth status.Data were analyzed by using odd ratio (OR). The first step wasperformed univariately to assess the effect of data variables.Henceforth, factors which significantly influence the growthwill be assesed by multivariate calculation.Results Normal linear growth status was found in 109 (66.1%)exclusively breastfed compared with 56 (33.9%) nonexclusivelybreastfed children. Univariate analyzes showed that factorsthat influenced children normal linear growth were exclusivebreast-feeding (OR: 2.44; 95%CI: 1.58;3.78), industrial productporridge as complementary food (OR: 1.65; 95%CI: 1.00;2.72),and frequency of illnesses <6x/year (OR: 1.57; 95%CI: 1.02;2.42).The result of multinomial logistic regression analyzes showed thatexclusive breast-feeding became the only factor that influencechildren linear growth (OR: 2.254; 95%CI: 1.438;3.533).Conclusion Exclusive breast-feeding has significant positive effect onlinear growth of children.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factors in Child Bearing Age Women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
AlJohara M. AlQuaiz ◽  
Ashry Gad Mohamed ◽  
Tawfik A. M. Khoja ◽  
Abdullah AlSharif ◽  
Shaffi Ahamed Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cellular Analysis ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Objective. To determine the prevalence and risk factors for anemia in child bearing age women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Design. Cross-sectional survey was conducted using two-stage cluster sampling. 25 clusters (primary health care centers (PHCC)) were identified from all over Riyadh, and 45–50 households were randomly selected from each cluster. Eligible women were invited to PHCC for questionnaire filling, anthropometric measurements, and complete blood count. Blood hemoglobin was measured with Coulter Cellular Analysis System using light scatter method.Setting. PHCC.Subjects. 969 (68%) women out of 1429 women were included in the analysis.Results. Mean hemoglobin was 12.35 (±1.80) g/dL, 95% CI 12.24–12.46 with interquartile range of 1.9. Anemia (Hb <12 g/dL) was present in 40% (390) women. Mean (±SD) for MCH, MCV, MCHC, and RDW was 79.21 (±12.17) fL, 26.37 (±6.21) pg, 32.36 (±4.91) g/dL, and 14.84 (±4.65)%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that having family history of iron deficiency anemia (OR 2.91, 95% CI 1.78–4.76) and infrequent intake of meat (OR 1.54, 95%CI 1.15–2.05) were associated with increased risk of anemia, whereas increasing body mass index (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92–0.97) was associated with reduced risk of anemia.Conclusion. Women should be educated about proper diet and reproductive issues in order to reduce the prevalence of anemia in Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Application of a complete blood count to screening lethargic and anorectic cats for pancreatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Maria Krasztel ◽  
Michał Czopowicz ◽  
Olga Szaluś-Jordanow ◽  
Agata Moroz ◽  
Marcin Mickiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutrophil Count ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Crude Odds Ratio ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Feline pancreatitis (FP) is an important health problem of cats. Its diagnostics is based on the combination of quantification of serum pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI) and abdominal ultrasonography (AUS). These modalities allow for establishing highly specific diagnosis, however they are relatively expensive and time-consuming. On the other hand, a screening test of high sensitivity which would allow to rule out FP on the first visit without a considerable increase of costs would be clinically useful. To evaluate accuracy of nonspecific inflammatory biomarkers based on complete blood count (CBC) in diagnosing FP 73 client-owned cats with signs of lethargy and reduced appetite lasting for at least 2 days before presentation were enrolled in the cross-sectional study. They were examined with fPLI assay and AUS and classified as cats with very low risk of FP when fPLI ≤3.5 μg/L and AUS negative for FP, or as cats with increased risk of FP in the case of any other combination of results. Then, 7 various CBC measurements were measured in each cat and linked to the risk of FP using the multivariable logistic regression. Results Five CBC measurements turned out to be significantly associated with the risk of FP – total leukocyte count (WBC; crude odds ratio(ORcrude) = 12.2; CI 95%: 1.52, 98.5), total neutrophil count (ORcrude = 5.84; CI 95%: 1.22, 27.9), band neutrophil count (BNC; ORcrude = 6.67; CI 95%: 1.98, 22.4), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (ORcrude = 3.68; CI 95%: 1.25, 10.9), and eosinophil count (EC; ORcrude = 0.34; CI 95%: 0.12, 0.96). The model based on WBC, BNC, and EC proved to have at least fair diagnostic potential (area under ROC curve 82.7%; CI 95%: 72.8%, 92.5%). When WBC <  18 G/L, BNC <  0.27 G/L, and EC >  0.3 G/L was considered as a negative result, and any other combination as the positive result, the CBC model had high sensitivity (91.8%; CI 95%: 80.8%, 96.8%) at a relatively low specificity (58.3%; CI 95%: 38.8%, 75.5%). Conclusion The combination of three CBC measurements is an immediately available and fairly accurate screening method for identification of lethargic and anorectic cats with increased risk of FP.

Identification of Thalassemia Disorder using Active Contour

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurhanis Izzati Binti Che Marzuki Izzati Binti Che Marzuki ◽  
Nasrul Humaimi bin Mahmood Humaimi bin Mahmood ◽  
Mohd Azhar bin Abdul Razak
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Active Contour ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
The People ◽  
Contour Technique

Thalassemia was known as the red blood cell (RBC) morphology disorder. This disease mostly affects the shape of the red blood cells. Thalassemia becomes the major public health problem when one of the people becomes the carrier of the disease. It can occur within a months after birth or even before birth and results in inappropriate growth and development of babies. Sometimes the affected babies will die shortly after birth. In order to screen thalassemia, there are a few tests need to be done. Firstly by performed Complete Blood Count (CBC) and secondly continued with hemoglobin electrophoresis test. This CBC test will identify the morphology of RBC. Hence, this paper will discuss the methods on identifying the morphology of thalassemia blood cells by using active contour technique. From the result of 16 normal and abnormal blood cell images, the active countour methods able to identifyThalassemia blood cells with accuracy of 90% from the abnormal cell images.

scholarly journals Iron deficiency in healthy 18-month-old Danish children is associated with no oral iron supplementation in infancy and prolonged exclusive breast-feeding

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (12) ◽  
pp. 1409-1416
Author(s):  
Anh Thao N. Andersen ◽  
Steffen Husby ◽  
Henriette B. Kyhl ◽  
Maria B. Sandberg ◽  
Stine D. Sander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Association

AbstractFe deficiency (ID) defined as plasma ferritin <12 µg/l is associated with delayed cognitive development in early childhood and increased incidence of infections; however, the longitudinal association between early-life factors and ID in 18-month-old children in Denmark is unknown. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of ID and to describe risk factors associated with ID in healthy 18-month-old Danish children. Blood samples, anthropometric measurements and self-reported questionnaire data had been obtained in the birth cohort, Odense Child Cohort. The questionnaires were modified from those used in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Plasma ferritin and C-reactive protein in venous, non-fasting samples were analysed in the final sample size of 370 children after exclusion of seventy-nine children due to chronic disease, acute infection, C-reactive protein >10 mg/l, twin birth or prematurity. Associations with ID were analysed by logistic regression, adjusting for sex, maternal education, duration of partial breast-feeding and current intake of milk, fish and meat. Overall, fifty-six children had ID (15·1 %). Factors associated with increased risk were exclusive breast-feeding beyond 4 months (OR 5·97; 95 % CI 1·63, 21·86) and no intake of oral Fe supplements from 6 to 12 months (OR 3·99, 95 % CI 1·33, 11·97. Duration of partial breast-feeding and current diet was not associated with ID. In conclusion, the ID prevalence was 15·1 %, and both exclusive breast-feeding beyond 4 months and no intake of oral Fe supplements from 6 to 12 months were associated with increased risk of ID in 18-month-old children.

scholarly journals A Study on the Feeding Practices among Under-Five Children in Urban Slum dwellers of District Dehradun, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Richa Sinha ◽  
Rakesh Kakkar ◽  
S D Kandpal
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Timely Initiation ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Breast milk feeding is the first fundamental right of the child. However, there are many cultural practices associated with infant feeding of which certain undesirable practices need to be discouraged.Objectives: To assess the feeding practices of under five year children in urban slum and to determine the factors influencing it, if any.Methodology: Community based analytical cross sectional study was conducted in urban slums amongst mothers over one-year period. A house to house survey was conducted and Data was collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire on breastfeeding practices & data pertaining to breastfeeding practices was asked in detail from mothers of babies who were breastfed.Results: A total of 381 children were studied. A total of 87.0% of the children were delivered at health facilities and the rest at home. 65.9% received prelacteal feed in the form of water, infant milk formula, cow milk and honey. Most of the children (54.1%) received breast milk within 24 hrs of birth. 95.0% received colostrum and 67.2% received exclusive breast feeding for 6 months. It was observed that children who were exclusively breastfed for six months were found to be better nourished (51.3%).Conclusions: Majority of the mothers were practicing exclusive breast feeding, however a significant proportion of children was deprived of timely initiation of breast feeding. About 2/3 of the mothers were still practicing pre-lacteal feeds to their children. The study documents that there was significantly increased risk of PEM if the child is not exclusive breastfed for 6 months.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(1) 2016 p.15-19

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