scholarly journals Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its associated risk factor assessment among elderly in urban area of Punjab

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 610
Author(s):  
Ishan Arora ◽  
Shairoly Singh ◽  
Parveen Kumar Bhuwal ◽  
Shireen Singh
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Greek Physician Aretaeus (30-90CE) observed a disease with symptoms such as constant thirst (polydipsia), excessive urination (polyuria) and loss of weight. Based on these findings, he named the condition ‘diabetes’, meaning ‘a flowing through. Diabetes mellitus is a serious public health concern, not just because of its high prevalence or the chronicity, but more importantly because of its life-threatening micro vascular and macro vascular complications which are often silent and undetected until the advanced and irreversible stage has developed, and they may even appear years before the diagnosis of diabetes.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on elderly (60 years and above). This study was intended to measure prevalence of diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors.Results: In present study, the prevalence of diabetes was found to be higher among female participants at 41.98% compared to males at 25.90%. Prevalence of diabetes was highest in the age group of 60-70 years. Mean BMI (28.05) of female participants was higher compared to the BMI of the male participants which was 25.52. It was observed that the prevalence of diabetes increases with increase in BMI.Conclusions: Early detection and treatment of these chronic morbidities should be done with regular health check- ups and screening of these diseases before they can cause permanent damage to health of individual or death. People should also be educated and counselled about monitoring their health parameters to ensure early detection and treatment.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in a Rural, Agrarian Community in South-South Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Oghenekaro Godwin Egbi ◽  
Sulaiman Dazumi Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Family History ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global public health threat, often associated with other co-morbidities with significant morbidities and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of DM in a rural agrarian community in Nigeria.Methodology: This cross-sectional study, using quantitative methods, was carried out in Ayua community in Etsako West local government area of Edo state, South-South Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was intervieweradministered while socio-demographics, anthropometric data, blood pressure and weight measurements as well as random blood glucose were obtained from participants.Findings: Two hundred and sixteen participants (58 males, 158 females) completed the study with a mean age of 54.2+16.4 years. Diabetes was found in 30 (13.9%) participants and undiagnosed in 40.0% while hypertension and obesity were found in 61(28.2%) and 57(26.4%) respectively. Diabetes was independently predicted by age > 50 years (OR = 5.7) and the presence of a family history of DM (OR = 43.0) with p < 0.001 each) but not by obesity (p=0.860), hypertension (p = 0.477) or family history of hypertension (p = 0.09).Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of DM and co-morbidities in this rural agrarian community, we recommend regular screening of adults for these conditions. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Nigeria, Rural

scholarly journals Sputum smear positivity grade and chest X-ray findings in tuberculosis: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Behzadmehr ◽  
E. Nejadkehkha
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chest X Ray

Despite many advances in the diagnosis, screening, and rapid treatment of tuberculosis, it is still a public health concern in the world. Due to the importance of this issue in diagnosis and reduction of transmission of infection and treatment of the disease especially where this study is conducted due to the high prevalence of tuberculosis, this study was done to determine The relationship between sputum smear positivity grade and chest X-ray findings in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in a hospital in southeast of Iran. This cross-sectional study was performed on all patients with pulmonary TB referencing the health centers in Zabol city, southeast of Iran from 1 January 2015 to 30 December 2020. Sputum smear and radiographic findings of the chest X-ray were evaluated. Data was collected using a form of information and finally analyzed by SPSS 22. Out of 101 patients examined in the present study, 71 were women and 30 were men. The mean age of the patients was 62.68 ± 13.61 years. The frequency of opacity in patients with grades 1, 2, and 3 was 71.4, 78.5, and 76.5%, respectively. Frequency of cavitation in patients with Grade 1, 2 and 3 was 11.5%, 28.5% and 52.9% respectively (P value 0.001). The frequency of reticulonodular presentations in patients with grade 1, 2, and 3 was 24.2, 7.1, and 0%, respectively.  In general, the results of this study showed that, with increasing grading of smears (1+, 2+, and 3+), the frequency of cavitation presentation increased significantly and the frequency of reticulonodular presentations decreased significantly. In general, the results of this study showed that, with increasing grading of smears (, the frequency of Cavitation presentation increased significantly and the frequency of reticulonodular presentations decreased significantly. The findings of the present study can help physicians better diagnose TB.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adult population in a peri-urban area of West Tripura, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushik Tripura ◽  
Kaushik Nag ◽  
Nabarun Karmakar ◽  
Anjan Datta ◽  
Partha Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus, a major lifestyle disease is undoubtedly the most challenging public health problem of 21st century with a worldwide prevalence of 387 million (8.3%).  The objective of this study was to get an estimate of the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and associated factors in a sample of adult population in a peri-urban area of West Tripura.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, prevalence of diabetes mellitus was found among adult population of a peri-urban area (Dukli) of west Tripura from April 2016 to May 2016. Multistage random sampling was followed to include 76 participants. Taking house as a sampling unit, every 5th house was chosen for this study. From every selected house, one adult participant was chosen by simple random sampling until desired sample size was attained. Collected data was compiled and analyzed with the help of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 16.0.). Chi-square, Fischer exact test was applied to find out association.Results: The mean age of the study participants was 42.21±17.65 years, comprised of 23.7% male and 76.3% female. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 17.1% among study participants. Diabetes was found highest in 39-58-year age group (37.5%). Males were more affected with diabetes mellitus (22.2%) compared to females (15.5%). The study also revealed a significant association of diabetes mellitus with family history of diabetes mellitus (p value 0.00).Conclusions: Present study showed very high prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adult population. Healthy lifestyle measures might reduce burden of diabetes mellitus which could be evaluated in future research.

scholarly journals Cross sectional study on the prevalence of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications among elderly patients in a tertiary care centre in central Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1415
Author(s):  
Jubina Bency Anthoorathodi ◽  
Aqueen Joju ◽  
Ann Mereena Reji ◽  
Anupama Pallivalappil Asokan ◽  
Anzeem Naseem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Potentially Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Potentially Inappropriate Medications ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Polypharmacy or the concurrent use of multiple medications, is on the rise, especially in the elderly population as they suffer from multiple co-morbidities. Polypharmacy has been reported to increase the risks for inappropriate medication intake. Objectives: The aim was to investigate the prevalence of polypharmacy and usage of potentially inappropriate medication using Beer’s criteria and to find out the various risk factors of polypharmacy in hospitalised elderly.Methods: A cross sectional study was done in patients aged 60 years and above using a pre designed semi structured questionnaire and from their case records to assess the pattern of polypharmacy by different socio-demographic characteristics and also to found out the risk factors of polypharmacy.Results: 50 patients aged 60 and above were involved in our study out of which, 46% were females and 54% were males. Mean age of our study population was 71.5±8.3. Among them, 30 were hypertensive, 27 were diabetic, 9 of them had dyslipidaemia and 8 of them had coronary artery disease Mean number of medication use was 5.1±4.1. Polypharmacy was observed in 42% of the patients. 20% patients received potentially inappropriate drugs from Beer’s list. We also found significant association of polypharmacy with diabetes mellitus and hypertension.Conclusions: The present study has shown polypharmacy and usage of potentially inappropriate medication as an emerging public health concern. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were found to be risk factors of polypharmacy. Deprescription should be integrated into clinical care and prescribers need to be educated about Beers criteria and encouraged for rational prescription.

scholarly journals Proteinuria Pasien Diabetes Melitus dan Obesitas Poli Penyakit Dalam RS Ibnu Sina Makassar

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Indah Lestari ◽  
Dzul Rizka ◽  
Prema Hapsari ◽  
Pratiwi L Basri ◽  
Nur Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Obesity Patient ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the world has increased which is certainly accompanied by a rapid increase in the incidence of its chronic complications like kidney disorders. Insulin resistance, the patophysiology of diabetes mellitus, also associated with obesity, which both are the main risk factors for cardiovascular events. Obesity also known as a risk factor for kidney disease that proved by the presence of proteinuria in obesity patients. Objective: To determine the correlation of obesity with occurrence of proteinuria in patients with type 2 DM in internal medicine polyclinic Ibnu Sina Hospital Makassar. Method: A cross sectional study on 32 type 2 DM patients at Ibnu Sina Hospital as measured by body weight, height and waist circumference. Urinalysis examination is also performed at that time. Results: In this study, there were 4 patients (12,5%) patients with proteinuria (+), 1 patient (3.1%) with proteinuria (++), 2 patients (6.3%) with proteinuria (+++) and 1 patient (3.1%) with proteinuria (++++). According to BMI, we found that 17 patients (53.1%) were overweight,  5 patients (15.6%) were class 1 obesity, no class 2 obesity patient, and 1 patients (3.1%) were class 3 obesity. In Waist circumference examination we found that  in normal waist circumference group there is 1 patient that did not has proteinuria while in the  abnormal waist circumference group, 8 patients out of 31 patients have proteinuria. After doing statistical analysis to assess the correlation of obesity with proteinuria obtained p value> 0.05. Similarly, the correlation analysis waist circumference with proteinuria obtained p value> 0.05. Conclusion: There is no correlation between obesity and proteinuria as well as waist circumference and proteinuria correlation in type 2 DM patients.

scholarly journals What do mothers of urban slum know about worm infestation? Does literacy play a role?

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5343
Author(s):  
Bharati L. Makwana ◽  
Kalpita S. Shringarpure ◽  
Samarth A. Shihora
Keyword(s):  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Worm Infestation ◽  
Parasitic Worm ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Microsoft Office

Background: In India, intestinal parasitic infestation is the most important problem of public health concern. Parasitic worm infestation among children is one of causes of undernourishment. The high prevalence may be due to poor sanitation, lack of awareness regarding transmission and treatment of disease and poor hygiene.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted during the month of December 2016. All women having at-least one child below six years of age residing in the field practice area attached to urban health training centre of our medical college were interviewed. Data collected were entered in Microsoft Office Excel 2007.Results: A total of 361 mothers were interviewed of whom, 81% were aware of the disease. Those mothers who had ever heard of the disease were further interviewed. Of these, 54% of them were literate and 46% were illiterate. Comparing the literacy status, 26% literate mothers and 36% of the illiterate gave correct answers. Twelve percent of the literate mothers had correct attitude toward prevention of worm infestation. Almost three-fourths (71%) of the women had incorrect attitude for prevention of the disease. Eighty eight percent mothers consulted doctors.Conclusions: Majority of the mothers was aware about occurrence of intestinal worm infestations but they had incorrect knowledge about its causes, symptoms, preventive measures and treatment. The literacy status of mothers does not make any difference in knowledge and practice regarding worm infestation.  

scholarly journals Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivera Stojceva-Taneva ◽  
Natasa Eftimovska Otovic ◽  
Borjanka Taneva
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) became a new epidemic of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal failure as a result of the diabetes epidemic worldwide.AIM: The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of CKD in the Republic of Macedonia and its association with diabetes mellitus.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a part of a study conducted in 2006 in terms of screening for early detection of kidney disease. It was a cross-sectional study based on a random sample of patients aged > 20, consecutively consulting their primary physician for any cause. Fifty physicians throughout the country were included in the study. A total of 2637 patients have been analyzed based on integrity data. GFR was estimated using corrected values of serum creatinine and calculating kidney function by the Cockroft & Gault formula, adjusted for body surface using the Gehan & George formula. Patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 ml/min were considered as having CKD. Blood pressure, body weight, height, serum creatinine, glucose, hemoglobin, hematocrit, urinalysis and medical history for presence of cardiovascular diseases or diabetes were also assessed.RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 45.97 ± 16.55 SD and 17.97% were older than 60. Regarding gender, 44.14% were males. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 13.9%. Subjects with CKD (eGFR less than 60 ml/min) were 7.53% of the total. Subjects aged 60 or above, had 20 times higher risk of having CKD (eGFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2). Out of the total group of subjects, 13.9% had diabetes mellitus and they had 3.13 times higher risk of having CKD stage 3-5 (eGFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) when compared to non-diabetics. The results showed that diabetes was significantly more associated with lower eGFR (less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) in younger subjects (age less than 60) compared to older ones (odds ratio 3.29 versus 1.21).CONCLUSION: Our study showed that chronic kidney disease is frequent in the Republic of Macedonia and is associated with older age and diabetes. Diabetes had a significantly stronger association with CKD at younger age.

scholarly journals Prevalence of depression among type2 diabetes mellitus in Pakistani population

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abid Naeem ◽  
Muhammad Shuaib ◽  
Subtain-Ul- Hassan Abid ◽  
Muhammad Huzaifa Abid ◽  
Muhammad Imran
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type2 Diabetes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Type2 Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: Diabetes is a very prevalent problem in Pakistan. Depression along with diabetes affects not only quality of life but compliance and management of patient. Various studies have found high prevalence of depression among T2DM depression. In our study we shall determine the prevalence of depression among T2DM patients in Pakistan. Period: May 2017 to December 2017. Objectives: The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of depression in Type2 diabetes mellitus patients. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre Karachi. Results: Mean PHQ- Score is 10.83±5.6. 81.9% had PHQ Score > 4. According to PHQ-9 scale, 18.1% (n=30) had no depression, 26.5% (n=44) had moderately severe depression and 3.6% (n=6) had severe depression. In our study females had more severe depression in comparison with male (5.2% vs. 0%). Conclusion: Depression is very common in Pakistan among Type 2 Diabetic patients. Antidepressant has key role to break the vicious cycle of depression and type2 diabetes mellitus diabetes.

scholarly journals Frequency and Determinants of Erectile Dysfunction among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in a Tertiary Health Institution in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Michael A. Olamoyegun ◽  
Oluwabukola A. Ala ◽  
Emmanuel Y. Fagbemiro
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetes Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Institution ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Background: Sexual dysfunction of which erectile dysfunction is one of the complications usually occurred in men with diabetes mellitus. Hence this study aimed to assess the prevalence and analyze risk factors for erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 147 men with type 2 DM recruited from the diabetes clinic of a tertiary health institution in Nigeria. ED was assessed using an abridged version of international index of erectile function (IIEF–5). Sociodemographic data that included age, education, occupation, marital status were assessed and medical history including diabetes duration, smoking, alcohol intake, frequency and style of sexual intercourse obtained. Results: The mean age of the study sample was 68.22±12.15 years. The prevalence of ED was 69.5%, of which 14.3%, 14.3%, 10.5% and 29.9% had mild, mild-moderate, moderate and severe dysfunctions respectively. The prevalence of ED increased with age, duration of diabetes and obesity but not with glycaemic control, consumption of alcohol or smoking. Conclusions: ED was highly prevalent among men with DM in South-West Nigeria. Hence, efforts must be made to reduce the high prevalence by managing the factors responsible for its development. Also, health care practitioners must regularly inquire about this specifically as patients may not readily volunteer this information.

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