A study on the distribution of disabilities among the population residing in the endosulfan exposed area in Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka

Background: Endosulphan was extensively sprayed in the cashew plantations in over 90 villages in Dakshina Kannada district for almost two decades before a ban was imposed. Areas where Endosulfan spraying was carried out, disability screening camps were conducted. The study aimed at describing the distribution of attendees of the disability screening camps among the population residing in the Endosulfan exposed area of Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka, India.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive was undertaken with the permission of district health authorities by specialists in the villages of five taluks, on the patients attending the disability screening camps conducted in the year 2014-15. The patients were consecutively listed and classified based on the Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995 and analysed using SPSS version 20.0.Results: Of the 4214 patients who attended the screening camps for disability held in the taluks mentioned above, 2190 (52.0%) were males. The most common affected age groups were between 5-19 years of 1606 (38.1%). The most common disability was intellectual disability (including cerebral palsy) in 2474 (58.7%) followed by physical disability seen in 384 (15.5%). Infertility was seen among 297 (7.09%) of the attendees of the screening camps. The total number of cancers patients attending the screening camps was 71 (1.6%), and 21 (0.5%) were cancers related to the reproductive tract, and 6 (0.1%) had breast cancer.Conclusions: The most common age groups reporting with disabilities to the screening camps conducted by the district health authorities in Endosulfan sprayed villages of Dakshina Kannada district belonged to 5-19 years, and the most common disability was intellectual disability.

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Unintentional injury and its determinants among adolescents

Journal of Public Health Research ◽

10.4081/jphr.2021.2359 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Venkatashiva Reddy B ◽

Ashish Pundhir ◽

Arti Gupta

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Nuclear Family ◽

Unintentional Injury ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Graphical Form ◽

District Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Authorities ◽

A Site

Background: Globally, unintentional injury has been a documented public health problem among adolescents having debilitating consequences and accountable for economic burden. The study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of unintentional injury, identify the determinants and consequences among adolescents.Design and Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 222 adolescents using systematic random sampling from a site covered under UHTC Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarkhand. Binary and multivariate logistic regression was used to compute crude and adjusted odds ratio [95% CI] for establishing an association between risk factors and unintentional injury. Descriptive measures (causes, consequences, etc.) describing injuries were presented in tabular, graphical form in proportions.Results: 73.1% of the adolescents suffered from unintentional injury. The risk factors associated (statistically insignificant) with Unintentional Injury was males (AOR =1.019, 95% CI =.524-1.979) , living in nuclear family (AOR = 1.540, 95% CI =.766-3.093) , smoked tobacco (AOR = 2.797, 95% CI :.227-34.4377) , visually impaired (AOR =1.629 95% CI :.548 - 6.458) and living in house with overcrowding(AOR =1.66,95% CI:.818-3.395) . 5 % of those affected with unintentional injury had disability.Conclusions: Health education addressing causes, risk factors, consequences of unintentional injury among adolescents, parents, school, and district health authorities should be mandated for the formulation of policy to prevent unintentional injuries.

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Assessment of functional balance in children with sensory impairments undergoing hippotherapy

REVISTA CIÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE ◽

10.21876/rcshci.v11i2.1072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 51-58

Author(s):

Janaine Brandão Lage ◽

Lorena Fuchs Silva ◽

Marilia Carvalho Borges ◽

Gabriel Nogueira Nascentes ◽

Isabella Cecílio Resende Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Down Syndrome ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Clinical Diagnosis ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Functional Balance ◽

Sensory Impairments ◽

Bartlett Test ◽

Paired T Test

Objective: To evaluate the functional balance of children with sensory impairments submitted to hippotherapy. Methods: 24 children of both genres equally participated in three groups: cerebral palsy (CP), Down syndrome (DS), and intellectual disability (ID) with the respective age groups (10.71 ± 2.69 years), (12.83 ± 2.64 years), and (11 ± 1.69 years).There were 15 attendances in hippotherapy with riding materials specific to each group. The Pediatric Balance Scale (EEP) was used before the 1st and after the 15th hippotherapy session (pre and post moments) to assess functional balance. The data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk tests (normality), Bartlett test (homogeneity), and, between the pre- and post-care times, the paired t-test (intra-groups) and ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple comparison tests (between groups), with statistical significance for p < 0.05. Results: in the post-attendance, there was an increase in the EEP score for the three groups (intra groups) with significance for children with ID (p = 0.003) and DS (p = 0.033); the CP group had a lower score (inter groups) in both times, pre (p = 0.003) and post (p = 0.002) attendance. Conclusion: hippotherapy contributed to the functional balance of children with distinct sensory impairments, according to the clinical diagnosis and riding material specific to the group, thus being able to be considered a therapeutic method with relevant benefits regarding the sensory aspects of the population.

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Age-Group Differences in Body Mass Index, Weight, and Height in Adults With Down Syndrome and Adults With Intellectual Disability From the United States

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly ◽

10.1123/apaq.2020-0004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 79-94

Author(s):

Stamatis Agiovlasitis ◽

Jooyeon Jin ◽

Joonkoo Yun

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Down Syndrome ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Body Mass ◽

Age Groups ◽

The United States ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Men And Women

The authors examined if body mass index (BMI), weight, and height across age groups differ between adults with Down syndrome (DS) and adults with intellectual disability but without DS. They conducted secondary analyses of cross-sectional data from 45,803 individuals from the United States from 2009 to 2014 of the National Core Indicators Adult Consumer Survey across five age groups: 18–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60+ years. For both men and women with DS, BMI and weight increased between the 18- to 29- and the 30- to 39-year age groups and decreased thereafter. For both men and women with intellectual disability, BMI and weight increased between the 18- to 29- and the 30- to 39-year age groups, stayed about the same until the 50- to 59-year age group, and decreased thereafter. Height demonstrated a small but significant decrease with older age in all groups. These cross-sectional comparisons indicate that BMI and weight may start decreasing at a younger age in adults with DS than in adults with intellectual disability.

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Attitudes of Different Age Groups Toward People With Intellectual Disability During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.591707 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ewa Domagała-Zyśk

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disability ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Physical Health ◽

Social Exclusion ◽

Age Groups ◽

People With Disabilities ◽

Medical Conditions ◽

Persons With Disabilities ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Definitive Solution

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been particularly risky for people with disabilities and severe medical conditions, not only because the virus may be a direct threat to their physical health but also because of social exclusion and negating their needs and rights.Objective: This study aimed to assess the attitudes of people from different age groups towards people with intellectual disability (ID).Methods: The study included 223 people (19–85 years old) and was conducted in May 2020–January 2021. Data was collected using the Multidimensional Attitudes Scale Towards Persons With Disabilities and a self-designed Questionnaire regarding the attitudes towards people with ID during the pandemic. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 24 (ANOVA).Results: The results of the study showed that the general attitudes were only slightly supportive and differed among people of different age groups: the youngest and the oldest generation expressed the most positive attitudes while the adults (35–60 y.o.) expressed the most negative ones.Conclusions: As the pandemic is spreading rapidly with no definitive solution, awareness to create more positive attitudes towards people with ID and recognizing their needs is essential.

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Characteristics of Muscle Work in Track and Field Athletes with Intellectual Disability, Hearing Impairment and Cerebral Palsy

Journal of restorative medicine and rehabilitation ◽

10.38025/10.38025/2078-1962-2021-20-2-23-28 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 23-28

Author(s):

Mikhail А. Eremushkin ◽

Kirill А. Berdyugin ◽

Daria V. Fedulova

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Angular Velocity ◽

Hearing Impairment ◽

Musculoskeletal System ◽

Test Performance ◽

Lower Leg ◽

Persons With Disabilities ◽

Posterior Thigh ◽

Muscle Work

In persons with disabilities, the underlying impairment affects the functioning of other organs and systems. Special attention is drawn to athletes of adaptive sports, in particular, the main impairment influence to the work of the musculoskeletal system, and, accordingly, the sports result. Is it possible to correct and change training programs, knowing the peculiarities of muscles work of various nosological groups athletes. Aim. To analyze the work of the musculoskeletal system in athletes with intellectual disability, hearing impairment and cerebral palsy. Material and methods. The study was carried out on the multifunctional simulator Humac Norm on the basis of the State Autonomous Institution “Sports Adaptive School”of the Sverdlovsk region. It was attended by 21 athletes aged from 16 to 22 years: with intellectual impairment of the slight mental retardation degree (n = 7: 1 m., 6 days), with infantile cerebral palsy in the form of spastic hemiparesis (n = 7: 4 m., 3 days), athletes with hearing impairment (n = 10: 7 m., 3 days) with congenital deafness (n = 3) and 3-4 degree hearing loss (n = 7). the athletes underwent testing of the lower extremities muscles, in particular, the muscles of the anterior and posterior thigh surfaces; internal and external lower leg muscles in concentric (overcoming) and eccentric (yielding) modes of muscle work. The muscles of the anterior and posterior thighs were tested in the sitting position at angular velocity of 45 degrees/s on a simulator. The internal and external muscles of the lower leg were tested in the reclining position with a fixed knee joint, at the angular velocity on the simulator of 30 degrees/s. The result was evaluated 15 times for performing a given movement in concentric and eccentric modes and the average values of the general muscle working capacity were revealed. Results. When analyzing the results, it was revealed that athletes with cerebral palsy and hearing impairment have interaction in muscle work. Thus, the weakness of the front thigh part muscles corresponds to or entails the weakness of the lower leg external muscles. Hypotension of the posterior thigh surface muscles entails (or is a consequence of) weakness of the lower leg internal muscles. In athletes with intellectual disabilities, there is no clear interaction in muscle work. In different athletes, asymmetry is detected in completely different indicators, which may be associated with incomplete understanding of the attitudes to test performance or with the overlap syndrome presence. Conclusion. The athletes’ testing revealed the muscle work imbalance and asymmetry. A greater deficit was observed in the concentric mode of work in athletes with intellectual disability and cerebral palsy. The calf muscles need to be worked out in athletes of all nosological groups.

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Risk factors for intellectual disability in children with spastic cerebral palsy

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2020-320441 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. archdischild-2020-320441

Author(s):

David Cummins ◽

Claire Kerr ◽

Karen McConnell ◽

Oliver Perra

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Outcome Measure ◽

Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽

Early Screening ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Very Preterm Infants ◽

Severe Intellectual Disability ◽

Increased Risk

BackgroundCerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive disorder of posture and movement caused by prenatal or perinatal lesions of the brain. Children with CP are also at increased risk of other disabilities, for example, intellectual disability. Previous studies suggest the risk of intellectual disability varies in complex ways according to the type of motor impairment and perinatal factors such as gestational age.ObjectiveTo determine the patterns of risk of intellectual disability in children with spastic CP.DesignCross-sectional, population-based study using the Northern Ireland Cerebral Palsy Register.ParticipantsPersons born in 1981–2008 with congenital bilateral or unilateral spastic CP (N=1452).Outcome measureThe outcome measure was severe intellectual disability (IQ <50), as reported by clinicians known to the child. Data pertaining to CP subtype, sex, gestational age, birth weight and functional level were included in analyses.ResultsSevere intellectual disability was significantly more prevalent in children with bilateral spastic CP (BSCP) compared with children with unilateral spastic CP (χ² (2)=162.60, p<0.001). Compared with very preterm infants with BSCP, the risk of intellectual disability increased in moderately preterm (OR=3.97, 95% CI 1.04 to 15.23) and at-term (OR=2.51, 95% CI 1.16 to 5.44) children with BSCP.ConclusionsChildren with BSCP are at increased risk of intellectual disability, with those born at term at the highest risk. The findings highlight the importance of early screening, particularly for children with BSCP born at term.

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Health Conditions in Adults With Cerebral Palsy: The Association With CP Subtype and Severity of Impairments

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2021.732939 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ulrica Jonsson ◽

Meta N. Eek ◽

Katharina Stibrant Sunnerhagen ◽

Kate Himmelmann

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Pressure Ulcers ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Respiratory Disorders ◽

Prevalence Of Pain

Aim: To determine the prevalence of common health conditions in adults with cerebral palsy (CP) and to identify associations with the CP subtype or the severity of impairments.Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study of 153 adults with CP born from 1959 to 1978 (87 males, 66 females; median age 48 years 3 months, range 37–58 years; 41% with unilateral spastic, 36% bilateral spastic, 19% dyskinetic, and 4% with ataxic CP). Data was gathered through interviews, physical assessments, and medical record reviews.Results: The most common health conditions in adults with CP were pain 65%, upper gastrointestinal disorders 33%, dysphagia 29%, epilepsy 29%, and depression 27%. Cerebral palsy subtype was significantly associated with the presence of pain (p = 0.029), gastrointestinal (p < 0.001), and respiratory disorders (p = 0.006). A more severe physical impairment was associated with a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders (p < 0.001), respiratory disorders (p < 0.001), and pressure ulcers (p < 0.001). Intellectual disability was associated with a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders (p < 0.001), pneumonia (p = 0.001) epilepsy (p = 0.001), and pressure ulcers (p < 0.001), but with a lower prevalence of pain (p < 0.004) and hypertension (p = 0.043).Conclusion: The prevalence of several common health conditions is related to the CP subtype and severity of impairments, indicating that CP plays a role in the development of these health conditions. Follow-up of adults with CP needs to include not only impairments, but general health as well. Increased attention directed toward signs of gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders in individuals with either dyskinetic CP, gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) levels IV–V, or intellectual disability, is recommended.

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Active Commuting and Physical Fitness: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17082721 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 2721 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Duarte Henriques-Neto ◽

Miguel Peralta ◽

Susana Garradas ◽

Andreia Pelegrini ◽

André Araújo Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Age Groups ◽

Active Travel ◽

Active Commuting ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Health Authorities ◽

Adolescents And Adults ◽

Public Health Authorities ◽

Quasi Experimental

Physical fitness (PF) is considered an excellent biomarker of health. One possible strategy to improve PF levels is active commuting. This review, performed accordingly to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines includes scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals up to December 2019 that aim at examining the relationship between active travel/commuting and PF. The search was performed in three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). Sixteen studies were included in this review. Findings from the 16 studies were unclear. From the eleven studies on children and adolescents screened, eight were cross-sectional, one prospective cohort, one quasi-experimental, and one experimental. From the five studies on adults, four were experimental and one cross-sectional. Body mass, waist circumference, skinfolds, fat mass, cardiorespiratory fitness, upper and lower strength tests were performed in children, adolescents, and adults. Agility and speed tests were performed only in the young age groups. Majority of the investigations on young ages and adults have shown positive effects or relationships between active commuting and several attributes of PF. However, to avoid misconceptions, there is a need for future robust investigation to identify potential mediators or confounders in this relationship. More robust investigations are essential to understand how and whether decision-makers and public health authorities can use active travel/commuting as a strategy to improve PF in all ages.

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Impact of mirror movements on the bimanual hand function and functional independence with comparison of the bimanual hand function in children suffering from spastic cerebral palsy, with and without mirror movements

Timisoara Physical Education and Rehabilitation Journal ◽

10.2478/tperj-2019-0012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (23) ◽

pp. 39-45

Author(s):

Javeria Shahid ◽

Misbah Marryam ◽

Sheema Khan ◽

Muhammad Umar

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Hand Function ◽

Age Groups ◽

Functional Independence ◽

Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mirror Movements ◽

Bimanual Task ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractObjective: To compare the bimanual hand function in children with and without mirror movements and to find the correlation between the bimanual hand function, functional independence and severity of mirror movements.Design: Comparative cross sectional study.Place and duration of the study: The study was conducted in special education schools of Lahore and Islamabad, Pakistan, from August 2017 to January 2018.Patients and Methods: Children suffering from spastic cerebral palsy including both males and females in age groups ranging from 5 to 18 years who were able to make a gross grip were included in the study. Children having low tone, not able to make a gross grip and with any deformity that makes the assessment difficult were excluded. The non probability sampling technique was used. The Woods and Teuber criteria were used to check the severity of the mirror movements and bimanual activities to compare the hand functions. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21.Results: The mean age of the participants was 11.17±3.69 years. Children who presented with mirror movements had a mean age of 12±3.70 years and those without mirror movements had mean age of 10.72±3.63 years. According to the results of the bimanual task scale, there was no difference in the bimanual hand function of children with mirror movements and without mirror movements (P value >0.05)Conclusion: According to the results of the bimanual task scale there is no significant difference in the bimanual hand function of children suffering from spastic cerebral palsy, either with with or without mirror movements. However, functional independence was found more in the children suffering from cerebral palsy who presented without mirror movements.

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The distributions and correlates of serum albumin levels in institutionalised individuals with intellectual and/or motor disabilities

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114508973827 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 100 (6) ◽

pp. 1291-1296 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hiroko Ohwada ◽

Takeo Nakayama

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Serum Albumin ◽

Serum Albumin Level ◽

Albumin Level ◽

Public Facility ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Motor Disabilities ◽

High Zinc ◽

Low Serum

The serum albumin level is a widely accepted indicator of nutritional status in healthy adults and elderly individuals. However, there are few data regarding the distribution and correlates of serum albumin levels in individuals with intellectual and/or motor disabilities. We conducted a cross-sectional study at a public facility for individuals with intellectual and/or motor disabilities in Ibaraki prefecture, Japan. Health check-up data obtained in 2001 from 477 individuals with intellectual disability (286 males, average age 40·6 (sd 12·3) years; 191 females, average age 45·1 (sd 11·6) years) were retrospectively reviewed. With the exception of men with cerebral palsy, the serum albumin level was nearly normally distributed. The mean was 44 (sd 3·6) g/l for males and 44 (sd 3·6) g/l for females with intellectual disability, 43 (sd 3·2) g/l in males and 44 (sd 2·6) g/l for females with cerebral palsy, 41 (sd 2·7) g/l for males and 42 (sd 3·7) g/l for females with Down's syndrome, and 42 (sd 4·5) g/l for males and 41 (sd 3·2) g/l for females with severe motor and intellectual disabilities. Only six of 474 individuals (1·3 %) had a serum albumin ≤ 35 g/l. Low serum albumin was related to age, use of anticonvulsants and/or major tranquilisers, use of other medications, high C-reactive protein (CRP), high zinc sulfate turbidity test (ZTT), low serum Hb and low serum Fe among men; among women, high CRP and high ZTT were related to low serum albumin. The present study found an unexpectedly low incidence of low serum albumin among institutionalised individuals with intellectual and/or motor disabilities. Low serum albumin was associated with age, medications and inflammation in men, as well as inflammation in women.

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