scholarly journals A study on prevalence of cardiovascular disease related risk factors among tribal population in a block of West Bengal

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5302
Author(s):  
Sutanuka Santra ◽  
Prabha Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Tribal Population

Background: Non communicable diseases (NCDs) refer to chronic diseases of long duration and generally with slow progression. NCDs are affecting Indian population, both in urban and rural areas. Cardiovascular disease (CVD), one of the major NCDs is the leading cause of death worldwide. The rising prevalence of behavioral and anthropometric risk factors for these lifestyle diseases is postulated to be the cause for the alarming increase of NCDs including CVD. Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is also increasing in tribal population. Objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases among the tribal population aged 18 years and above.Methods: A community based, observational, descriptive study was conducted at Kharagpur-II block of Paschim Medinipur district, West Bengal from August 2013 to July 2014 among 540 tribal population aged 18 years and above selected by cluster random sampling method.Results: About 64% individuals were addicted to tobacco product.  Prevalence of current smoking and tobacco chewing was 9.1% and 60.2% respectively. Prevalence of current alcohol consumption was 48.9%. About 91% individuals took extra salt with meal. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 7.8% and 3.5% only according to WHO recommended classification for Asian population. However, higher level of physical activity was found among the study population.Conclusions: The study revealed high prevalence of extra salt intake, tobacco and alcohol consumption among the study population which may endanger their life by increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. 

Cardiovascular Risk Factors for People with Mental Illness

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Davidson ◽  
Fiona Judd ◽  
Damien Jolley ◽  
Barbara Hocking ◽  
Sandra Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Health Clinic

Objective: The objective of this study was to document the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease among people with chronic mental illness. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted of 234 outpatients attending a community mental health clinic in the North-western Health Care Network in Melbourne, Australia. Prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, hypertension, salt intake, exercise and history of hypercholesterolemia was assessed. Results: Compared with a community sample, the mentally ill had a higher prevalence of smoking, overweight and obesity, lack of moderate exercise, harmful levels of alcohol consumption and salt intake. No differences were found on hypertension. Men, but not women, with mental illness were less likely to undertake cholesterol screening. Conclusions: Psychiatric outpatients have a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors which may account for the higher rate of cardiovascular mortality among the mentally ill. Further research is needed to trial and evaluate interventions to effectively modify risk factors in this vulnerable population.

What people really know about hypertension and other cardiovascular disease risk factors. Recommendations vs reality

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wierzowiecka ◽  
A Niklas ◽  
W Drygas ◽  
A Pajak ◽  
T Zdrojewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cvd Prevention ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The WOBASZ II project was financed by the resources available to the Minister of Health as part of the POLKARD National Program to Equalise Accessibility to Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment for 2010–2012, the goal of which was to monitor the epidemiological situation in Poland in the field of cardiovascular diseases. Cyclically, new guidelines are developed to prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVD). But unfortunately their implementation in clinical practice is poor. The aim of the study was 1)  to evaluate the awareness of CVD prevention principles in a representative sample of adult residents of Poland with diagnosed hypertension (HT); 2) to investigate the prevalence of modifiable CVD risk factors such as obesity, hyperlipemia, smoking, low physical activity, excessive intake of sodium, insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption in the daily diet, and to determine the extent to which recommendations for CVD prevention are implemented in everyday practice; 3) to evaluate how knowledge of CVD risk factors affects the control of HT. The study covered 2783 individuals with diagnosed HT. 72,2% knew the term ‘risk factor’. Spontaneously listed risk factors for CVD: HT 36,8%, smoking 43,3%, overweight and obesity 28,5%, unhealthy food 30,9%, increased cholesterol level 25,3%, and low physical activity 25,1%. Complications that can be caused by untreated HT, were listed by 72,6% to be a stroke, heart diseases by 57,8%, atherosclerotic lesions in the arteries by 17,7%, kidney disease by 9,5%, and vision disorder by 9,2%. Prevention methods other than medication were listed by more physical activity 38,8%, reduction of body weight in overweight people 45,5%, stop smoking 43,7%, conducting a regular lifestyle 42,1%, limiting fat intake 38,3%, restrictions on drinking alcohol 37,5%, daily consumption of vegetables and fruits 20,6%. No prevention method has been mentioned by 10,5% of patients. 73.2% declared knowledge of the upper limits of the correct blood pressure (BP), but only 10.2% gave the correct values. Overweight was found in 39% of patients, obesity in 36.7%, smoking in 21.3%, low physical activity (<30 min 4-7/week) in 33.4%, sodium intake >1.5g/day in 58.0%, low (<200g/day) consumption of fruits in 84.1%, and vegetables in 70.6%. Controlled BP was only found in 23% and controlled hyperlipidemia only in 11.2% of subjects. During medical visits, about 9.2% of patients did not receive any recommendations for pharmacological treatment even if their BP did not reach the therapeutic goal. Knowledge about CVD risk factors [hypercholesterolemia OR 1,63; HT 1,53; low physical activity 1,24, overweight and obesity 1,23, knowledge about complications of HT [stroke or cerebral ischemia 1,77, heart disease 1,52, nephropathy 1,51, atherosclerosis 1,48, retinopathy 1,38, knowledge about non-pharmacological treatment like regular consumption of vegetables and fruits 1,33 increases the chance of achieving BP control. The knowledge about CVD risk factors and possible complications of HT in patients with HT is low. Factors that have a significant impact on a BP control are: knowledge of CVD risk factors, possible complications of HT and the recommendations given during visits about increasing physical activity and a healthy diet, as well as home and office BP measurements.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and modifiable risk factors of diabetes and hypertension among resource constrained patients from rural areas in Mdantsane Township in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1344-1354
Author(s):  
Lettilia Xhakaza ◽  
Zainonesa Abrahams-October ◽  
Mohammedmekin Mohammedseid Mohammednur ◽  
Brendon Pearce ◽  
Oladele Vincent Adeniyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Life Years

Background: Recently, developing countries have shown a dramatic increase in non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The burden of NCDs in South Africa has increased over the past years resulting in an estimated 37% of all- cause mortality and 16% of disability-adjusted life years. Currently, diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) are the two most prevalent NCDs associated with the rapid increase in mortality. Objective: To demonstrate the socio-demographic and modifiable risk factors of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) among South African adults. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the Cecilia Makiwane Hospital serving the residents of Mdantsane. Relevant socio-demographic data, anthropometric measurements, triplicate blood pressure, fasting blood glu- cose and lipogram analysis were obtained from 265 outpatients. Results: Multivariate anlysis shows that; salt intake, smoking, elevated triglycerides and decreased high-density lipoprotein levels were significantly associated with DM with adjusted odds ratio of 0.18 (p=0.002), 0.26 (p=0.048), 2.19 (p=0.006) and 0.38 (p=0.001), respectively. Overweight and obesity were significantly associated with hypertension with odds ratio of 0.03 (p=0.01) and 0.06 (p=0.006), respectively. Conclusion: The burden of DM and HTN on society can be drastically reduced with simple lifestyle changes, development of preventative strategies, large-scale screening and better disease management in South Africa. Keywords: Diabetes; hypertension; rural areas; Mdantsane Township; South Africa.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of cardiovascular disease risk clustering at different socio-geographic levels in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne C. Bischops ◽  
Jan-Walter De Neve ◽  
Ashish Awasthi ◽  
Sebastian Vollmer ◽  
Till Bärnighausen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractDespite its importance for the targeting of interventions, little is known about the degree to which cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors cluster within different socio-geographic levels in South Asia. Using two jointly nationally representative household surveys, which sampled 1,082,100 adults across India, we compute the intra-cluster correlation coefficients (ICCs) of five major CVD risk factors (raised blood glucose, raised blood pressure, smoking, overweight, and obesity) at the household, community, district, and state level. Here we show that except for smoking, the level of clustering is generally highest for households, followed by communities, districts, and then states. On average, more economically developed districts have a higher household ICC in rural areas. These findings provide critical information for sample size calculations of cluster-randomized trials and household surveys, and inform the targeting of policies and prevention programming aimed at reducing CVD in India.

Impact of age and sex on subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in a healthy asian population

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wong ◽  
J Yap ◽  
KK Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background and Aims The influence of age and gender on clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is well reported, but literature remains sparse on whether these extend to the disease in its preclinical stage. We aim to report the prevalence, risk-factors and impact of age and gender on the burden of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in a healthy Asian population. Methods Healthy subjects aged 30-69 years old, with no history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes were recruited from the general population. Subclinical coronary atherosclerosis was quantified via the Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS) with CACS of 0 indicating the absence of calcified plaque, 1 to 10 minimal plaque, 11 to 100 mild plaque, and >100 moderate to severe plaque. Results A total of 663 individuals (mean age 49.4 ± 9.2 years, 44.8% male) were included. The prevalence of any CAC was 29.3% with 9% having CAC > 100.  The prevalence was significantly higher in males than females (43.1 vs 18.0%, p < 0.001). These gender differences became increasingly pronounced with increasing age, especially in those with moderate-severe CAC. Multivariable analysis revealed significant associations between increasing age, male, higher blood pressure, increased glucose levels and higher LDL cholesterol levels with the presence of any CAC. LDL cholesterol was more significantly associated with CAC in females compared to males (Pinteraction = 0.022). Conclusions The prevalence of preclinical atherosclerosis increased with age, and was higher in males than females, with gender-specific differences in associated risk factors. These results will better inform individualised future risk management strategies to prevent the development and progression of coronary artery disease within healthy individuals.

scholarly journals Baseline risk factor prevalence among adolescents aged 15–17 years old: findings from National Non-communicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS) of India

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e044066
Author(s):  
Prashant Mathur ◽  
Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan ◽  
Sravya Leburu ◽  
Anand Krishnan ◽  
Himanshu Kumar Chaturvedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Baseline Risk ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

ObjectiveTo generate national estimates of key non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors for adolescents (15–17 years) identified in the National NCD Monitoring Framework and, study the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards NCD risk behaviours among school-going adolescents.Design and settingA community-based, national, cross-sectional survey conducted during 2017–2018. The survey was coordinated by the Indian Council of Medical Research—National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research with 10 reputed implementing research institutes/organisations across India in urban and rural areas.ParticipantsA multistage sampling design was adopted covering ages between 15 and 69 years—adolescents (15–17 years) and adults (18–69 years). The sample included 12 000 households drawn from 600 primary sampling units. All available adolescents (15–17 years) from the selected households were included in the survey.Main outcome measuresKey NCD risk factors for adolescents (15–17 years)—current tobacco and alcohol use, dietary behaviours, insufficient physical activity, overweight and obesity.ResultsOverall, 1402 households and 1531 adolescents completed the survey. Prevalence of current daily use of tobacco was 3.1% (95% CI: 2.0% to 4.7%), 25.2% (95% CI: 22.2% to 28.5%) adolescents showed insufficient levels of physical activity, 6.2% (95% CI: 4.9% to 7.9%) were overweight and 1.8% (95% CI: 1.0% to 2.9%) were obese. Two-thirds reported being imparted health education on NCD risk factors in their schools/colleges.ConclusionThe survey provides baseline data on NCD-related key risk factors among 15–17 years in India. These national-level data fill information gaps for this age group and help assess India’s progress towards NCD targets set for 2025 comprehensively. Though the prevalence of select risk factors is much lower than in many developed countries, this study offers national evidence for revisiting and framing appropriate policies, strategies for prevention and control of NCDs in younger age groups.

Prevention of atrial fibrillation – non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors for AF

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (55) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wojdyła-Hordyńska ◽  
Grzegorz Hordyński
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors

Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common arrhythmias, with a significant increase in incidence in recent years. AF is a major cause of stroke, heart failure, sudden cardiac death, and cardiovascular disease. Timely intervention and modification of risk factors increase chance to stop the disease. Aggressive, multilevel prevention tactics are a component of combined treatment, including – in addition to lifestyle changes, anticoagulant therapy, pharmacotherapy and invasive anti-arrhythmic treatment – prevention of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, ischemia, valvular disease and heart failure.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Awareness of Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors among the Lebanese Population: A Prospective Study Comparing Urban to Rural Populations

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqbal Fahs ◽  
Zainab Khalife ◽  
Diana Malaeb ◽  
Mohammad Iskandarani ◽  
Pascale Salameh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽  
Lebanese Population ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
A Prospective Study

Introduction. CVDs are largely driven by modifiable risk factors. This study sought to determine the awareness and prevalence of the modifiable CVDs risk factors among the Lebanese population.Methods. In a cross-sectional survey, 1000 participants aged ≥ 45 years were randomly selected from pharmacies and interviewed. The data was analyzed with SPSS version 21.0 software.Results. Differences between urban and rural areas include alcohol consumption (2.8% versus 1.7%;p=0.0001), cardioprotective vegetable servings (6.1% versus 2.3%;p=0.016), sedentary hours per day (18.6% versus 15.1%;p=0.002), and hypertension (38.5% versus 25.4%;p=0.001). The prevalence of overweight and obesity (77.3% versus 75.2%;p=0.468), smoking (39.3% versus 43.3%;p=0.232), diabetes (25.4% versus 21.4%;p=0.173), and dyslipidemia (25 versus 21.2%) was reported. Measurements revealed 19.3% of undiagnosed hypertension (12.4% versus 22.4%,p=0.001), 61.7% of hypertension (59.8% versus 62.6%;p=0.203), and 7.9% of undiagnosed diabetes (6.6% versus 8.6%;p=0.323). The declared awareness of CVDs risk factors was highest for smoking (91.5% versus 89.7%;p=0.339) and lowest for diabetes (54.4 versus 55.7%;p=0.692).Conclusion. This study has shown a high prevalence of modifiable CVDs risk factors in the Lebanese population ≥ 45 years, among which hypertension is the most prominent.

scholarly journals Factores de riesgo asociados a distocias del mecanismo del parto en gestantes primíparas atendidas en el Hospital Dr. Verdi Cevallos Balda

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Olga Katherine Veintimilla Chinga ◽  
María Alicia Fernanda Ledezma Hurtado ◽  
Dadier Marrero González ◽  
Lizeet López ◽  
Hugo Loor Lino
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Factores De Riesgo ◽  
Uterine Malformations ◽  
Delivery Mechanism

  Las distocias del mecanismo del parto en gestantes pueden generar consecuencias significativas tanto maternas como fetales y neonatales, existiendo diversos factores de riesgo asociados a dicha condición. La prevalencia de las distocias es variable para cada localidad, presentándose en el 0,3 % a de los casos. En este sentido, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar los principales factores de riesgo que se asocian a distocias del mecanismo del parto en gestantes primíparas atendidas en el Hospital Dr. Verdi Cevallos Balda. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, con 250 embarazadas atendidas en el periodo de enero 2018 a diciembre 2019. Las distocias de los mecanismos del parto en primíparas en el Hospital Dr. Verdi Cevallos se presentaron con más frecuencia en las edades entre los 20 y 34 años, con grado de instrucción secundaria, y de zonas rurales. Los principales factores de riesgos modificables asociados a distocias fueron los controles prenatales insuficientes, sobrepeso y obesidad de las gestantes; además de ganancia de peso inadecuada durante el embarazo, bajo peso fetal, duración prolongada de la primera fase del trabajo de parto e inducción del mismo. Los factores de riesgos no modificables identificados fueron la presentación de cara, estrechez pélvica, malformaciones uterinas, hipertensión arterial como enfermedad crónica asociada, talla materna menor a 140 cm y parto prolongado de más de 20 horas. Las complicaciones maternas tuvieron una alta incidencia y dentro de ellas, las cesáreas fueron las más frecuentes, mientras que el distress respiratorio fue la complicación neonatal más presentada.   Palabras clave: Distocia, factores de riesgo, peso elevado, malformaciones uterinas, complicaciones.   Abstract Dystocia of the delivery mechanism in pregnant women can generate significant maternal, fetal and neonatal consequences, with various risk factors associated with this condition. The prevalence of dystocia is variable for each locality, occurring in 0.3% of cases. In this sense, the objective of this study was to determine the main risk factors associated with dystocia in the delivery mechanism in primiparous pregnant women treated at the Dr. Verdi Cevallos Balda Hospital. A descriptive and retrospective study was carried out, with 250 pregnant women seen in the period from January 2018 to December 2019. Dystocia of the labor mechanisms in primiparous women at the Dr. Verdi Cevallos Hospital occurred more frequently in the ages between 20 and 34 years old, with a secondary education degree, and from rural areas. The main modifiable risk factors associated with dystocia were insufficient prenatal care, overweight and obesity in pregnant women; as well as inadequate weight gain during pregnancy, low fetal weight, prolonged duration of the first phase of labor and its induction. The non-modifiable risk factors identified were face presentation, pelvic narrowing, uterine malformations, arterial hypertension as an associated chronic disease, maternal height less than 140 cm and prolonged labor of more than 20 hours. Maternal complications had a high incidence and within them, caesarean sections were the most frequent, while respiratory distress was the most common neonatal complication.   Keywords: Dystocia, risk factors, high weight, uterine malformations, complications.

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