scholarly journals Role of adhesive attachments in traumatic dental injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 6165
Author(s):  
Thuraya Abdulrahim Basudan ◽  
Ghaida Mazen Zagzoog ◽  
Waad Amer Alshehri ◽  
Abdullah Hassan Alammari ◽  
Khaled Abid Althaqafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Fracture Pattern ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Dental Injury ◽  
Crown Root ◽  
Temporal Variables ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Hard Tissues ◽  
Crown Roots

Crown root cracking is uncommon, accounting for less than 7% of irreversible damage. All the hard tissues of the teeth (crust, dentin, and cementum), as well as the pulp and periodontal ligament, are commonly involved in these complicated fractures. The care of such instances offers major biological hurdles, and success is dependent on considering a variety of regenerative, endodontic, and temporal variables. Numerous clinical investigations demonstrate that adhesive coronal attachment might be an essential therapy for fractured teeth with crown roots. Because it maintains the original tooth, this technique may save the gums and decrease the time and expense of therapy. Before considering adhesive attachments for dental fractures, several factors should be considered-the site and size of the fracture, the fracture pattern, and the position of traumatized teeth. The aim of the article was to review the role of adhesive attachments in a traumatic dental injury.

MicroRNAs in Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and their Regulation by Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1216-1224
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Forouzanfar ◽  
Samira Asgharzade
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hair Cell ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Noise Induced Hearing Loss ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Open Access Journals

Noise exposure (NE) has been recognized as one of the causes of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), which can bring about irreversible damage to sensory hair cells in the cochlea, through the launch of oxidative stress pathways and inflammation. Accordingly, determining the molecular mechanism involved in regulating hair cell apoptosis via NE is essential to prevent hair cell damage. However, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the degeneration of sensory cells of the cochlea during NE has not been so far uncovered. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to demonstrate the regulatory role of miRNAs in the oxidative stress pathway and inflammation induced by NE. In this respect, articles related to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), oxidative stress, inflammation, and miRNA from various databases of Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Google Scholar, PubMed; Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts (LISTA), and Web of Science were searched and retrieved. The findings revealed that several studies had suggested that up-regulation of miR-1229-5p, miR-451a, 185-5p, 186 and down-regulation of miRNA-96/182/183 and miR-30b were involved in oxidative stress and inflammation which could be used as biomarkers for NIHL. There was also a close relationship between NIHL and miRNAs, but further research is required to prove a causal association between miRNA alterations and NE, and also to determine miRNAs as biomarkers indicating responses to NE.

scholarly journals Myeloid HIF1α Is Involved in the Extent of Orthodontically Induced Tooth Movement

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Christian Kirschneck ◽  
Nadine Straßmair ◽  
Fabian Cieplik ◽  
Eva Paddenberg ◽  
Jonathan Jantsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Periodontal Bone Loss

During orthodontic tooth movement, transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) is stabilised in the periodontal ligament. While HIF1α in periodontal ligament fibroblasts can be stabilised by mechanical compression, in macrophages pressure application alone is not sufficient to stabilise HIF1α. The present study was conducted to investigate the role of myeloid HIF1α during orthodontic tooth movement. Orthodontic tooth movement was performed in wildtype and Hif1αΔmyel mice lacking HIF1α expression in myeloid cells. Subsequently, µCT images were obtained to determine periodontal bone loss, extent of orthodontic tooth movement and bone density. RNA was isolated from the periodontal ligament of the control side and the orthodontically treated side, and the expression of genes involved in bone remodelling was investigated. The extent of tooth movement was increased in Hif1αΔmyel mice. This may be due to the lower bone density of the Hif1αΔmyel mice. Deletion of myeloid Hif1α was associated with increased expression of Ctsk and Acp5, while both Rankl and its decoy receptor Opg were increased. HIF1α from myeloid cells thus appears to play a regulatory role in orthodontic tooth movement.

scholarly journals The role of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 and vitamin D receptor gene in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts as response to orthodontic compressive strain: an in vitro study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Calvano Küchler ◽  
Agnes Schröder ◽  
Vinicius Broska Teodoro ◽  
Ute Nazet ◽  
Rafaela Scariot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Compressive Strain ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Cox 2

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate, if different physiological concentrations of vitamin D (25(OH)D3) and single nucleotide polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have an impact on gene expression in human periodontal ligament (hPDL) fibroblasts induced by simulated orthodontic compressive strain. Methods A pool of hPDL fibroblasts was treated in absence or presence of 25(OH)D3 in 3 different concentrations (10, 40 and 60 ng/ml). In order to evaluate the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the VDR gene, hPDL fibroblasts from 9 patients were used and treated in absence or presence of 40 ng/ml 25(OH)D3. Each experiment was performed with and without simulated orthodontic compressive strain. Real-time PCR was used for gene expression and allelic discrimination analysis. Relative expression of dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7), Sec23 homolog A, amidohydrolase domain containing 1 (AMDHD1), vitamin D 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1), Hydroxyvitamin D-1-α hydroxylase, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin-6 (IL6) was assessed. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms in VDR were genotyped. Parametric or non-parametric tests were used with an alpha of 5%. Results RANKL, RANKL:OPG ratio, COX-2, IL-6, DHCR7, CYP2R1 and AMDHD1 were differentially expressed during simulated orthodontic compressive strain (p < 0.05). The RANKL:OPG ratio was downregulated by all concentrations (10 ng/ml, 40 ng/ml and 60 ng/ml) of 25(OH)D3 (mean = 0.96 ± 0.68, mean = 1.61 ± 0.66 and mean = 1.86 ± 0.78, respectively) in comparison to the control (mean 2.58 ± 1.16) (p < 0.05). CYP2R1 gene expression was statistically modulated by the different 25(OH)D3 concentrations applied (p = 0.008). Samples from individuals carrying the GG genotype in rs739837 presented lower VDR mRNA expression and samples from individuals carrying the CC genotype in rs7975232 presented higher VDR mRNA expression (p < 0.05). Conclusions Simulated orthodontic compressive strain and physiological concentrations of 25(OH)D3 seem to regulate the expression of orthodontic tooth movement and vitamin-D-related genes in periodontal ligament fibroblasts in the context of orthodontic compressive strain. Our study also suggests that single nucleotide polymorphisms in the VDR gene regulate VDR expression in periodontal ligament fibroblasts in the context of orthodontic compressive strain.

scholarly journals Elevated Expression of Cathepsin K in Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast by Inflammatory Cytokines Accelerates Osteoclastogenesis via Paracrine Mechanism in Periodontal Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Soon Chul Heo ◽  
Yu Na Kim ◽  
YunJeong Choi ◽  
Ji-Young Joo ◽  
Jae Joon Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Cathepsin K ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Macrophage Colony

Cathepsin K (CTSK) is a cysteine protease that is mainly produced from mature osteoclasts and contributes to the destruction of connective tissues and mineralized matrix as a consequence of periodontal disease (PD). However, few studies have reported its regulatory role in osteoclastogenesis-supporting cells in inflammatory conditions. Here, we investigated the role of CTSK in osteoclastogenesis-supporting cells, focusing on the modulation of paracrine function. Microarray data showed that CTSK was upregulated in PD patients compared with healthy individuals, which was further supported by immunohistochemistry and qPCR analyses performed with human gingival tissues. The expression of CTSK in the osteoclastogenesis-supporting cells, including dental pulp stem cells, gingival fibroblasts, and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) was significantly elevated by treatment with inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IL-1β. Moreover, TNFα stimulation potentiated the PDLF-mediated osteoclastogenesis of bone marrow-derived macrophages. Interestingly, small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of CTSK in PDLF noticeably attenuated the TNFα-triggered upregulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and RANKL/osteoprotegerin ratio, thereby abrogating the enhanced osteoclastogenesis-supporting activity of PDLF. Collectively, these results suggest a novel role of CTSK in the paracrine function of osteoclastogenesis-supporting cells in periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide stimulation in human periodontal ligament stem cells: role of epigenetic modifications to the inflammation

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Diomede ◽  
Soundara Rajan Thangavelu ◽  
Ilaria Merciaro ◽  
Monica D'Orazio ◽  
Placido Bramanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Model System ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanism ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide

<p>Periodontitis is a chronic oral inflammatory disease produced by bacteria. Gingival retraction and bone and connective tissues resorption are the hallmarks of this disease. Chronic periodontitis may contribute to the risk of onset or progression of neuroinflammatory pathological conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease. The main goal of the present study was to investigate if the role of epigenetic modulations is involved in periodontitis using human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) as an <em>in vitro</em> model system. hPDLSCs were treated with lipopolysaccharide of <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em> and the expression of proteins associated with DNA methylation and histone acetylation, such as DNMT1 and p300, respectively, and inflammatory transcription factor NF-kB, were examined. Immunofluorescence, Western blot and next generation sequencing results demonstrated that <em>P. gingivalis </em>lipopolysaccharide significantly reduced DNA methylase DNMT1, while it markedly upregulated the level of histone acetyltransferase p300 and NF-kB in hPDLSCs. Our results showed that <em>P. gingivalis </em>lipopolysaccharide markedly regulate the genes involved in epigenetic mechanism, which may result in inflammation induction. We propose that <em>P. gingivalis </em>lipopolysaccharide-treated hPDLSCs could be a potential in vitro model system to study epigenetics modulations associated with periodontitis, which might be helpful to identify novel biomarkers linked to this oral inflammatory disease.</p>

Role of Ascorbic Acid in Periodontal Ligament Cell Differentiation

2004 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Ishikawa ◽  
Kengo Iwasaki ◽  
Motohiro Komaki ◽  
Isao Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cell

scholarly journals Anti‐inflammatory effects of hypoxia‐preconditioned human periodontal ligament cell secretome in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis: a key role of IL‐37

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 5592-5608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Giacoppo ◽  
Soundara Rajan Thangavelu ◽  
Francesca Diomede ◽  
Placido Bramanti ◽  
Pio Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cell ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching for Anisotropic Deep Trenching of GaN Array

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3179
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Kehong Zhou ◽  
Shuai Zhao ◽  
Wen Yang ◽  
Hongsheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Etching ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Etching Rate ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Catalytic Role ◽  
Metal Assisted Chemical Etching ◽  
Gan Etching

Realizing the anisotropic deep trenching of GaN without surface damage is essential for the fabrication of GaN-based devices. However, traditional dry etching technologies introduce irreversible damage to GaN and degrade the performance of the device. In this paper, we demonstrate a damage-free, rapid metal-assisted chemical etching (MacEtch) method and perform an anisotropic, deep trenching of a GaN array. Regular GaN microarrays are fabricated based on the proposed method, in which CuSO4 and HF are adopted as etchants while ultraviolet light and Ni/Ag mask are applied to catalyze the etching process of GaN, reaching an etching rate of 100 nm/min. We comprehensively explore the etching mechanism by adopting three different patterns, comparing a Ni/Ag mask with a SiN mask, and adjusting the etchant proportion. Under the catalytic role of Ni/Ag, the GaN etching rate nearby the metal mask is much faster than that of other parts, which contributes to the formation of deep trenches. Furthermore, an optimized etchant is studied to restrain the disorder accumulation of excessive Cu particles and guarantee a continuous etching result. Notably, our work presents a novel low-cost MacEtch method to achieve GaN deep etching at room temperature, which may promote the evolution of GaN-based device fabrication.

scholarly journals The infinite possibilities of RNA therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn C Mollocana-Lara ◽  
Ming Ni ◽  
Spiros N Agathos ◽  
Fernando A Gonzales-Zubiate
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotides ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
New Era ◽  
Final Point ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
General Aspects

Abstract Although the study of ribonucleic acid (RNA) therapeutics started decades ago, for many years, this field of research was overshadowed by the growing interest in DNA-based therapies. Nowadays, the role of several types of RNA in cell regulation processes and the development of various diseases have been elucidated, and research in RNA therapeutics is back with force. This short literature review aims to present general aspects of many of the molecules currently used in RNA therapeutics, including in vitro transcribed mRNA (IVT mRNA), antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), aptamers, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). In addition, we describe the state of the art of technologies applied for synthetic RNA manufacture and delivery. Likewise, we detail the RNA-based therapies approved by the FDA so far, as well as the ongoing clinical investigations. As a final point, we highlight the current and potential advantages of working on RNA-based therapeutics and how these could lead to a new era of accessible and personalized healthcare.

scholarly journals ROLE OF THE ALKALINE FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DENTAL CARIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Bahlul Hamzaeb ◽  
Ayat Jafarova ◽  
Rena Huseynova ◽  
Rumia Abbasova ◽  
Shahla Yusubova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Local Form ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Theoretical Justification ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Dental Hard Tissues ◽  
Hard Tissues ◽  
Civilization Disease

Subject. This article analyzes existing theories about the prevalence and causes of dental caries, which is considered as a civilization disease. The crucial role of endogenous factors in the risk of caries, including a pulp and dental fluid, is noted. Data are given that acids do not actively participate in the process of demineralization, which is confirmed by numerous theoretical and hypothetical points. The role of some materials produced by dental industry based on this “pseudo-acidogenic” theory and used in the treatment of caries, as well as the false and negative consequences created by them in general, is analyzed, and adequate parallels are carried out. The purpose of the study was the theoretical justification of the key role of acetylcholine (the cholinomimetic mediator located on the Toms fibers) in the occurrence of dental caries. Methodology. Russian and foreign research works due to the etiology, prevalence and pathogenesis of dental caries were studied, and a comparative theoretical analysis of the available data on this issue was carried out. Results. Based on the results of numerous studies cited in the available literature and our studies, we performed an analysis of theoretical principles and substantiated the data that the process of demineralization occurring in dental caries cannot be caused by acids. Therefore, the only and decisive factor in the origin of the demineralization process is the occurrence of the process because of alkaline substances. Conclusions. Based on the studied references, we present the data that the most current theories of the etiopathogenesis of caries are imperfect in terms of solving the problem, which, in our opinion, requires further study of the process both of acetylcholine and the enzyme acetylcholinesterase inhibition in the local form and inside dental hard tissues.

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