Acute effect of cyclophosphamide on rat’s urinary bladder and the possible protective role of sulforaphane: a histological and ultrastructural study

Background: Cyclophosphamide disturbs the oxidant and antioxidant balance that is associated with several unwanted toxic effects and induction of secondary cancers. The aim of this study was to test the protective effects of Sulforaphane on the cyclophosphamide toxicity of rat urinary bladder.Methods: 32 male albino rats were divided into 4 groups, 8 animal each (n=8). Group I received saline intra-peritoneal, group II received 5 mg/kg sulforaphane for 5 days and then saline, group III received 0.9% saline intra-peritoneal for consecutive 5 days and a single dose of cyclophosphamide 200 mg/kg on the six-day, group IV received sulforaphane at a dose of 5 mg/kg for consecutive 5 days and a single dose of cyclophosphamide 200 mg/kg on the six day. On the seventh day of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed, and the urinary bladder samples were dissected for histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations and electron microscopic studies.Results: the mucosa of the urinary bladder of Sulforaphane treated group showed normal architecture while that of cyclophosphamides treated group showed features of degenerated and ulcerated lesions of the epithelial lining associated with hemorrhage. Theses lesions markedly decreased in the mucosa of urinary bladder of cyclophosphamides and sulforaphane treated group.Conclusions: The use of sulforaphane reduces the cyclophosphamide toxicity on the urinary bladder in the form of decreased vacuolation with decreased degeneration of the epithelial lining.

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Potential anti-toxic effect of d-ribose-l-cysteine supplement on the reproductive functions of male rats administered cyclophosphamide

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0267 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Gabriel O. Oludare ◽

Gbenga O. Afolayan ◽

Ganbotei G. Semidara

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Single Dose ◽

Sperm Motility ◽

Sperm Count ◽

Male Rats ◽

Oxidative Enzymes ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Testosterone Levels ◽

Group I ◽

Antioxidant Defence System

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to access the protective effects of d-ribose-l-cysteine (DRLC) on cyclophosphamide (CPA) induced gonadal toxicity in male rats. Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups of eight rats each. Group I the control, received distilled water (10 ml/kg), Group II received a single dose of CPA 100 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally (i.p), Groups III and IV received a single dose of CPA at 100 mg/kg (i.p) and then were treated with DRLC at 200 mg/kg bodyweight (b.w) and 400 mg/kg b.w for 10 days, respectively. Rats in Groups V and VI received DRLC at 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w for 10 days, respectively. DRLC was administered orally. Results Results showed that CPA increased percentage of abnormal sperm cells and reduced body weight, sperm count, sperm motility, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone levels (p<0.05). CPA also induced oxidative stress as indicated by the increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reduced activities of the oxidative enzymes measured (p<0.05). Liver enzymes were elevated while the blood cells production was decreased in the rats administered CPA. DRLC supplementation enhanced the antioxidant defence system as indicated in the reduced MDA levels and increased activities of the antioxidant enzymes when compared with CPA (p<0.05). Bodyweight, sperm count, sperm motility, FSH, and testosterone levels were increased in the CPA + DRLC II group compared with CPA (p<0.05). Conclusions The results of this present study showed that DRLC has a potential protective effect on CPA-induced gonadotoxicity.

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Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract ofTabernaemontana divaricata(L.) R. Br. against DEN and Fe NTA Induced Liver Necrosis in Wistar Albino Rats

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/240243 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kannappan Poornima ◽

Palanisamy Chella Perumal ◽

Velliyur Kanniappan Gopalakrishnan

Keyword(s):

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Treated Group ◽

Hepatic Necrosis ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Liver Necrosis ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Tabernaemontana Divaricata ◽

Wistar Albino Rats

This study is an attempt to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity ofTabernaemontana divaricataagainst DEN and Fe NTA induced liver necrosis in rats. Ethanolic extract of the whole plant ofTabernaemontana divaricataat doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight and 5-fluorouracil (standard drug) was orally administered to male Wistar Albino rats once daily for 24 weeks, simultaneously treated with the carcinogen DEN and Fe NTA. In simultaneously treated animals, the plant extract significantly decreased the levels of uric acid, bilirubin, AST, ALT, and ALP in serum and increased the levels of liver marker enzymes in liver. Treatment with the extracts resulted in a significant increase in the levels of antioxidants accompanied by a marked reduction in the levels of malondialdehyde when compared to DEN and Fe NTA treated group. When compared with 200 mg/kg bw rats, 400 mg/kg bw rats and 5-fluorouracil treated rats showed better results in all the parameters. The histopathological studies confirmed the protective effects of extract against DEN and Fe NTA induced liver necrosis. Thus, it could be concluded that the use ofTabernaemontana divaricataextract in the treatment of carcinogen induced hepatic necrosis.

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Histological Study On Using Ileal Submucosa In Repairing Urinary Bladder Defect In Adult Albino Rat

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab099.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Eman Gomaa El Saeed ◽

Manal H Moussa ◽

Gehad A Hammouda ◽

Sahar M. M Omar

Keyword(s):

Urinary Bladder ◽

Histological Study ◽

Squamous Metaplasia ◽

Muscle Layer ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Graft Area

Abstract Background Repairing urinary bladder (UB) defect by enterocystoplasty remains the gold standard surgical bladder reconstruction procedure to increase the capacity and compliance of dysfunctional bladders. However, many complications were recorded. Aim of the work This work aimed to compare the consequences of reconstruction of urinary bladder defect using untreated small intestinal submucosal (SIS) matrix versus seeded and unseeded decellularized SIS matrix. Material and Methods Fifty female albino rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into three groups: Group I (Control) included ten adult rats from which ileal tissue was obtained. Group II included ten adult rats in which their UB defect was repaired by untreated cellular SIS. Group III included twenty adult rats that were subdivided into two subgroups, 10 rats each; Subgroup IIIA where rats had their UB defect repaired by acellular SIS and subgroup IIIb where rats had their UB defect repaired by acellular SIS seeded with adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs).Ten young rats were used for preparation of AMSCs. Morphometric and statistical analysis were also performed. Results In rats where UB defect was repaired by untreated cellular SIS, the graft area showed loss of epithelial polarity, presence of intraepithelial cysts and occasional extension of urothelium to the outer surface forming fistula. There were areas of metaplasia with the appearance PAS positive cells. In the lamina propria, there was areas of lymphocytic infiltration together with significant increase in the collagen fiber deposition (p < 0.05). There was a significant decrease thickness of muscle layer as compared to control (p < 0.05). In rats where UB defect was repaired by acellular SIS, urothelium in the graft area showed occasional squamous metaplasia and often the urothelium extended to the deeper layers forming Brunn's nest. There was minimal muscle regeneration in the graft area. However, in rats where UB defect was repaired by acellular SIS seeded with AMSCs, the urothelium in the graft area was nearly similar to control group with uniform urothelium thickness, minimal collagen fibers deposition and thick muscle layer that showed no significant difference from the control (p > 0.05). Conclusion Acellular SIS seeded with AMSCs showed better results compared to non-seeded and cellular SIS in reconstructing urinary bladder defects.

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Ameliorating Effect of L-arginine and Insulin on Streptozotocin-induced Adrenal Gland Injury in Albino Rats

Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat ◽

10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.3.653 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 162-168

Author(s):

Yasmeen Mahar ◽

Alisha Qamar ◽

lnayatullah ◽

Sarwath Fatimee ◽

Mohammad Fawad Saeeduddin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Gland ◽

Adrenal Cortex ◽

Treated Group ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Endocrine Gland ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Frozen Sections ◽

Group B

Background:Use of dietary supplements to treat illnesses has increasedtremendously in recentyears.Adrenal gland is one ofthemost commonly damaged endocrine gland in the body, not only by chemical or radiation injuries, but also as a result of differenttypes of stress.Search is underway for use ofnatural foods for protection of adrenal gland from different types ofinsults.Objective: To determine the protective effects of L-arginine on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced adrenal gland injury in albino rats,andto compare its efficacy to insulin.Material and Methods: This prospective experimental study was done at BMSI, JPMC, Karachi. Forty male, healthy albino rats,90-120 days old were segregated into 4 groups. Group A was marked as control, group B was administered STZ, group C and Dwere treated with STZ along with insulin and L-arginine respectively. At the end of study period, i.e., 6 weeks, animals weresacrificed under ether anaesthesia. Tissue from the left adrenal gland was processed for frozen sectioning to observe fat content ofthe adrenal cortex by applying OilRed O stain.Results: Oil Red-0 stained frozen sections revealed closely aggregated fat globules in adrenal cortex of STZ treated group B ascompared to control. Moderate betterment was seen in group C and in group D Oil Red O stained frozen sections as compared toSTZ treated group B.Conclusion: The results ofthe study demonstrated adrenal cortex injury by STZ which ameliorated with concomitant use of insulinandL-arginine. The protection was more pronounced with L-arginine as comparedto insulin.Keywords:STZ, adrenal gland,insulin,L-arginine

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Short term chronic toxicity of tributyltin on the testes of adult albino rats and the possible protective role of omega-3

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327120947451 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 096032712094745

Author(s):

Marwa G Ahmed ◽

Mona El-Demerdash Ibrahim ◽

Hoda R El Sayed ◽

Samah M Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Treated Group ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Cellular Damage ◽

Antioxidant Defenses ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Group I

The declining rate of male fertility is a growing concern. Tributyltin (TBT) is a well-known endocrine disruptor (ED), that induces imposex in female gastropods and is widely used in various industrial applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of TBT on the testes of adult albino rats and the possible role of omega-3. Forty two adult male albino rats were divided into five groups; control group (Group I) and four experimental groups: omega-3 treated group, TBT treated group, TBT & omega-3 treated group and follow up group. At the end of the study, the rats were subjected to biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 and seminal examinations. Our results clarfied that TBT induced a significant decrease in testosterone, FSH, LH and serum glutathione peroxidase levels and a significant increase in the serum Malondialdehyde as compared to the control group. Tributyltin induced disorganization and shrinkage of seminiferous tubules, apoptosis, cellular damage and marked reduction in the germinal epithelium. A significant decrease in the cell proliferation and arrested spermatogenesis were also detected. Seminal analysis of TBT group showed a significant affection of all parameters as compared to other groups. Omega-3 ameliorated all of these hazardous effects. Follow up group still showed toxic effects. In conclusion, TBT has a toxic effect on the testis. Increased testicular oxidative stress, cellular damage and arrest of spermatogenesis with attenuation in antioxidant defenses are all contributing factors. Omega-3 can protect against TBT induced reproductive toxicity.

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Protective effects of tempol in an experimental ovarian ischemia–reperfusion injury model in female Wistar albino rats

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/cjpp-2016-0309 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (7) ◽

pp. 861-865 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Neslihan Pınar ◽

Oya Soylu Karapınar ◽

Oğuzhan Özcan ◽

Esin Atik Doğan ◽

Suphi Bayraktar

Keyword(s):

Sham Group ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Stress Index ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Group V ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Wistar Albino Rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of tempol on ovarian ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Forty female Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: Group I, sham; Group II, ischemia (I); Group III, I/R; Group IV, I/R + tempol 30 mg/kg i.p; Group V, I/R + tempol 50 mg/kg i.p. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was significantly higher in the ischemia group and the I/R group than in the sham group. Catalase levels were significantly lower in the I/R group than in the I/R + tempol 30 mg/kg i.p. and the I/R + tempol 50 mg/kg i.p. groups. Glutathione peroxidase levels were lower in the I/R group than in the I/R + tempol 30 mg/kg i.p. and the I/R + tempol 50 mg/kg i.p. groups. MDA levels were significantly lower in the I/R + tempol 30 mg/kg i.p. group and the I/R + tempol 50 mg/kg i.p. group than in the I/R group. The levels of the histopathological parameters were significantly decreased in the I/R + tempol 50 mg/kg i.p. group compared with the I/R group. Tempol can be used for reducing ovarian I/R injury.

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Protective effect of N-acetylcysteine, caffeic acid and vitamin E on doxorubicin hepatotoxicity

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327107076885 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 519-525 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

A. Gokcimen ◽

A. Cim ◽

H.T. Tola ◽

D. Bayram ◽

A. Kocak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Caffeic Acid ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Central Vein ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Injection Group ◽

Hepatocellular Damage ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to compare the possible protective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), caffeic acid (CAPE) and vitamin E (Vit-E) on doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity. Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats, weighing between 250 and 350 g were supplied and randomly divided into five groups. Animals in study groups were pretreated with a single dose of doxorubicin (Dox), which was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.). Control group (Group I) was treated with intraperitoneal saline injection. Group II did not received any antioxidant agent after the injection. Group III and Group IV were given CAPE and intraperitoneal vitamin E injection for eight days, respectively. Group V received NAC for eight days. The study was finished after 10 days. Tissue samples were collected from all animals and histopathological examination was performed. There was statistically significant difference between the experiment groups and controls by means of mononuclear cell infiltration and diameters of hepatic sinusoid, terminal hepatic venule (central vein) and portal area (portal canal). Changes related with hepatocellular damage were more prominent, whereas there was no significant difference between Dox and NAC given groups histopathologically. It was observed that structural changes were regressed after CAPE administration. However, this recovery was more prominent in vitamin E given group. These findings suggest that Dox induced liver damage could be efficiently reversed by vitamin E administration. It has been found that CAPE, but not NAC has protective effects on Dox-induced hepatocellular damage. Human & Experimental Toxicology (2007) 26, 519—525

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Ameliorative Effects of Fenugreek Seeds and Curcumin on Hematotoxicity induced by Nicotine in Male Albino Rats

Biotechnology and Bioprocessing ◽

10.31579/2766-2314/062 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 01-08

Author(s):

Azab Elsayed Azab ◽

Mohamed Omar Albasha ◽

Manal Abuelkasem Elnaif

Keyword(s):

Hematological Parameters ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Treated Group ◽

Group Iv ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Group V ◽

Fenugreek Seeds ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I

The present study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects of fenugreek seeds and curcumin on hematotoxicity induced by nicotine in male albino rats. 30 male F-344/NHsd Fischer rats, weighing from 180 to 200g were used in the present study. The animals were divided into five groups (6 rats for each); Group I (control group), Group II (nicotine treated group), Group III (nicotine/fenugreek seeds co-administered), Group IV (nicotine/curcumin co-administered), and Group V (nicotine/curcumin& fenugreek seeds co-administered). At the end of the experimentation and 24 hours after the last dose, all animals were anaesthetized with ether and blood samples were collected by heart puncture. The samples were collected in clean dry tubes containing the anticoagulant substance EDTA and used for the hematological studies. The results showed that the animals treated with nicotine for 4 weeks showed a significant decrease in RBCs count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, MCH, MCHC, and platelets count, and increased MCV and WBCs count as compared to the control group. Co-administration of nicotine with fenugreek and/or curcumin caused improvement in all hematological parameters when compared with nicotine group. It can be concluded that nicotine had a strong effect on the hematological parameters. The ingestion of fenugreek and/or curcumin prevent the hematoxicity induced by nicotine. The current study suggests that fenugreek and curcumin may be useful in combating free radical-induced hematotoxicity induced by nicotine.

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Evaluation of protective effects of mirtazapine and mesna on cisplatin-induced ovarian damage in rats

Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine ◽

10.52142/omujecm.38.2.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 72-81

Author(s):

Önder SAKIN ◽

Ali Doğukan ANGIN ◽

Muhammet Ali ORUÇ ◽

Emine Eda AKALIN ◽

Muzaffer Seyhan CIKMAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Ovarian Tissue ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Preantral Follicle ◽

Damage Score ◽

The Third ◽

Normal Ovarian Tissue ◽

Ovarian Damage ◽

Wistar Albino Rats

To evaluate whether mirtazapine and mesna have protective effects on cisplatin-induced ovarian injury. A total of 32 female Wistar Albino rats were divided into 4 groups (8 rats per group) and included in the study. No medication was administered to the first group; only intervention was that their ovaries were removed and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) values were measured. The second group received intramuscular cisplatin at a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg. The third group received a single dose of 200 mg/kg mesna intraperitoneally, and 30 minutes later, a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg intramuscular cisplatin was administered. The fourth group received oral 30 mg/kg mirtazapine, and 60 minutes later, a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg intramuscular cisplatin was administered. Oral 30 mg/kg mirtazapine was continued for ten days. Ovaries and AMH values of all groups were evaluated at the end of tenth day. In the cisplatin group when compared to normal ovarian tissue total histopathological damage score increased (p=0.037), preantral follicle count decreased (p=0.003) and AMH levels decreased (p<0.001). In the cisplatin + mesna group total ovarian damage score was also increased (p=0.005), preantral and antral follicles decreased (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively), and AMH levels decreased (p<0.001). In the cisplatin + mirtazapine group, total ovarian damage score (p<0.001), preantral follicle count (p=0.002) and AMH values were decreased (p<0.001). It was concluded that mesna and mirtazapine were not effective in preventing ovarian damage due to cisplatin.

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