scholarly journals Vestibular test and electronystagmography in the diagnosis of vertigo

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1575
Author(s):  
Zorengpuii . ◽  
Naveen P.
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Vestibular Tests ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Insidious Onset ◽  
Central Origin ◽  
One Year

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Vertigo, by definition, is a subjective sense of imbalance, and can result from a variety of disorders both peripheral and central. Although perfect function is required for precise balance and eye movement control, man is able to function adequately with only two of the three main sensory inputs. Great difficulty, however, occurs if only one system is intact, or if the control integrating mechanisms within the nervous system are deranged. Minor deficiencies of any, or all three sensory inputs may give rise to symptoms of imbalance. The disorders causing vertigo may be of peripheral or central origin, and accurate diagnosis of the underlying pathology is warranted for effective treatment.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was carried out in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal. 50 cases presenting with symptoms of vertigo were studied irrespective of age, sex, caste, religion, socio-economic status and duration of illness. They were subjected to a thorough clinical examination and relevant investigations with main emphasis on vestibular tests and electronystagmography in every patient.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Vertigo of peripheral and central lesions accounted for 64% and 12% respectively. Idiopathic vertigo in which no neurotological abnormality is detected accounted for 24% of cases. Meniere’s disease (28%) comprised the single largest group amongst the peripheral vertigo. Majority of the patients (58%) presented with hearing impairment as associated symptom.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Ninety percent of patients presented with less than one year duration of vertigo. Vertigo caused by peripheral vestibular lesion presents as acute, unprecipitated, short-lived episodes associated with nausea and vomiting, while vertigo of central vestibular origin follows a more gradual and insidious onset of continual imbalance.</p>

scholarly journals Center-Based Child Care and Differential Improvements in the Child Development Outcomes of Disadvantaged Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Anne Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Research finds center-based child care typically benefits children of low socio-economic status (SES) but few studies have examined if it also reduces inequalities in developmental disadvantage. Objective I test if the length of time in center-based care between ages one and three years associates with child development scores at age three years, focusing on the impact for groups of children in the lower tercile of child development scores and in the lower SES tercile. Method Using data from 1,606 children collected in a nationally representative Chilean survey, I apply a value-added approach to measure gains in child development scores between age one and three years that are associated with length of time in center-based child care. Results Disadvantages at age one year were associated with lower child development scores at age three years. No benefits of additional time in center-based care were found for the non-disadvantaged group, but positive associations were found between more time in center-based care and child development outcomes for children with the SES disadvantage only. Center-based care was not associated with child development trajectories of children with lower child development scores at age one year, no matter their SES status. Conclusions There is evidence that Chilean center-based child care reduces SES inequality in child development scores between ages one and three years, but only if children already were not low-scorers at age one year.

Bulimia nervosa: treatment and short-term outcome

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. George Hsu ◽  
Diane Holder
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Short Term Outcome ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
One Year

SynopsisFifty-six bulimia nervosa patients were treated by means of a behavioural approach and followed for at least one year after completion or dropping out of treatment. Outcome was encouraging in about half of the patients and several psychiatric indicators, such as duration of illness and response to treatment, were identified. The significance of the findings and unresolved methodological issues are discussed.

scholarly journals Evolving Experience in The Management of Empyema Thoracis

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
K Shrestha ◽  
S Shah ◽  
S Shrestha ◽  
S Thulung ◽  
B Karki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Bronchopleural Fistula ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Lung Abscess ◽  
Empyema Thoracis ◽  
High Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Restrictive Lung Disease ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
One Year

Background Empyema thoracis a disease of significant morbidity and mortality, especially in the developing world. However, the optimal management of empyema thoracis remains controversial. Objective To analyse evolving experience in clinical presentation, management, outcome and factors contributing to adverse morbidity in empyema thoracis. Methods This is hospital based retrospective study of patients who were diagnosed with empyema thoracis in cardiothoracic and vascular surgery (CTVS) unit, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal over a period of one year (July 2009 to June 2010). A total of forty-six adult cases were categorized into two treatment groups: (i) thoracotomy for decortication (ii) segmentectomy, lobectomy and redo-thoracotomy for pneumonectomy. The median duration of illness prior to hospital admission was compared. The presence of loculated pleural fluid determined the need for thoracotomy. Results Out of forty-six cases, twenty- nine (63.04%) who had early thoracotomy (<22 days) had prompt symptomatic recovery. Forteen out of seventeen (82.35%) of the patients who were initially treated with thoracocentesis or tube thoracostomy eventually needed thoracotomy. There was a positive shift in management towards early thoracotomy resulting in prompt symptomatic recovery. Significant complications were noted in eight patients who had delayed thoracotomy. Complications included recurrent empyema with lung abscess (n = 3), restrictive lung disease (n = 3), bronchopleural fistula (n = 1) and scoliosis (n=1). Conclusion Early thoracotomy and decortication was found to be an excellent surgical procedure with good functional results and high patient satisfaction rate.http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i1.6253 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(1):5-7 

scholarly journals Hematological abnormalities in HIV infected individuals in correlation to CD4 counts and ART status

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Raman Thulasi ◽  
D Manimaran ◽  
G Hemanathan ◽  
Tameem Afroz ◽  
Radha Sagar
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Hematological Abnormalities ◽  
Set Up ◽  
One Year

Background: HIV is pandemic and remains as a public health concern for many decades. This infection though associated with many opportunistic infections and neoplasms, it is further complicated with marked hematological abnormalities. The aim of this study is to determine the magnitude & severity of hematological abnormalities in HIV infected individuals and also to analyze these abnormalities in correlation with the CD4 counts. We also compared these hematological abnormalities in patients on ART and those not on ART.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted for a period of one year, on 120 HIV positive cases including both patients on ART & not on ART. Controls with similar age and sex distribution was set up. The blood samples were collected and processed in an automated cell counter. The parameters were tabulated and analyzed with respect to CD4 count & ART status.Results: Among the total of 120 HIV cases, 77% had anemia, 21% had leucopenia and 5% had thrombocytopenia. The magnitude and severity of anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and other parameters was found to be more in patients not on ART, when compared to patients on ART. Similarly, the magnitude and severity of most of hematological abnormalities were inversely proportional to the CD4 count in non-ART cases but not with cases on ART.Conclusion: The basic hematological parameters can be used as a prospective screening test to assess the severity and progression of HIV infection when CD4 count is not available. These parameters can also be used to assess the response to anti-retroviral treatment. Therefore, these basic hematological investigations readily available at all medical centers are of great use while treating HIV infected patients.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(4) 2016 14-18 

Suicide in psychiatric inpatients in Ireland

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Corcoran ◽  
Dermot Walsh
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Hospital Inpatient ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Secure Environment ◽  
One Year

AbstractObjectives:To establish suicide rates of psychiatric inpatients in Ireland and the characteristics, demographic, social and medical, of the patients involved.Method:Clinical, post mortem and inquest data on all such deaths from 1983-1992 were examined. Suicide rates were calculated using ‘person year method’.Results:The suicide rate for short stay inpatients (stay less than one year) was 319/100,000, and 118/100,000 for long stay patients. The average duration of illness at time of suicide was 10 years. A fourfold increase in suicide rate of inpatients over the century was associated with a similar increase in the suicide rate in the general population. Thirty five per cent of suicides were aged 25-34 years. The risk of suicide was higher the shorter the time interval after admission. Three quarters of suicide deaths in registered inpatients occurred away from hospital grounds.Conclusions:Social factors which contribute to an increase in the suicide rate in the general population are relevant to the increase in hospital inpatient suicides. More effective and comprehensive services to meet the needs of those with severe mental illness, particularly young adults, are essential. The results emphasise the importance of managing inpatients in a safe, secure environment. The person year method is appropriate for monitoring changes in suicide rates.

scholarly journals Awareness and acceptance of contraceptives among the mothers of infants attending an immunization session at a field practices area of a tertiary care hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
S. B. Gupta ◽  
Meenakshi Singh ◽  
Atul Kr. Singh ◽  
Huma Khan ◽  
Alpana Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Postpartum Contraception ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Contraceptive Measure ◽  
One Year ◽  
Type Of Delivery

Background: India was the first country in the world to have launched a National Programme for Family Planning.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the in Vaccination unit of rural field practice area of Shri Ram Murti Smarak institute of Medical Sciences (SRMSIMS) Bareilly (U.P). Objective of the study was to assess knowledge and practice of postpartum contraception and factors affecting the usage of contraceptives in Rural area. All females who delivered within last one year were included in the study. A pre-structured questionnaire was used. A total of 98 females were included. The appropriate statistical analysis was done to present the results.Results: 28.57% females had adopted one or the other postpartum contraceptive measure. Condom was the most common method used. Usage of postpartum contraception was significantly associated with women’s and husband’s education, type of delivery and availing of antenatal and postnatal visits.Conclusions: Overall usage of postpartum contraception was low there is need to focus at every step to contact of these women with health facility or health workers.

scholarly journals Epidemiological determinants of infant deaths occurring in a teaching hospital: an observational study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1192
Author(s):  
M. N. Soumyashree ◽  
R. G. Viveki ◽  
Sunanda Halki
Keyword(s):  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Place Of Delivery ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Mother And Child Health ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
One Year

Background: India has the highest number of infant deaths, contributing about 23% to the global burden of infant deaths. Sustainable development goal states that, by 2030, preventable deaths of new-borns and children under 5 years of age should be ended, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1000 live births. Aims of the study: (1) to understand the socio-demographic profile of the study cases, (2) to correlate the causes of infant deaths with age, parity and other obstetrics parameters.Methods: The present study was undertaken for the period of one year from January to December 2016. The study included 120 deceased infants from department of Pediatrics, Belagavi Institute of Medical Sciences (BIMS) Hospital, Belagavi. Information regarding socio-demographic profile, antenatal, intranatal and infant details were collected using a structured questionnaire.Results: 61.6% of study cases were male and three-fourth of them resided in rural area. 56.2% of the deceased infants were LBW, followed by VLBW (34.9%) and ELBW (8.9%).  The common causes of death among the deceased infants were prematurity (45%) followed by, birth asphyxia (34.2%), sepsis (12.5%), pneumonia (3.3%) and congenital anomalies and other (2.5%).Conclusions: Age of the infants, gestational age, place of delivery, delivery assisted and LBW were associated with infant deaths. There is a need for proper implementation of programmes related to mother and child health care.

scholarly journals Descriptive Study Analyzing Medical and Surgical Methods of Terminating First Trimester Pregnancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Bhaktabatsal Raut ◽  
Shreedhar Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Trimester Abortion ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Education Status ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
One Year ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Post Abortion

INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to analyze the medical and surgical methods of first trimester of pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A hospital based retrospective study done at Lumbini Zonal Hospital, Butwal over the period of one year, where all the women who had first trimester abortion services were analyzed. Age, parity, education status, failure rates and post abortion contraception were analyzed.RESULTS: There were total of 478 women who had abortion services, of which 244 women had medical method of abortion. Among them 4.89% were teenagers and 11.29% were primigravida and 6.9% were uneducated. The failure rate for medical method was 9% and for surgical method was 1.7%. Most women at their post abortion period asked for condoms, followed by DMPA, IUD and OCP as a method of contraception.CONCLUSION: Failure rate of medical method was high and acceptance of long acting post abortion contraception was low.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2016) Vol.04 No.01 Issue 13, page: 1-5

scholarly journals Quantification of mortality and morbidity in general population of heavily-industrialized city of Abadan: Effect of long-term exposure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Ghorbanian ◽  
Ahmad Jonidi Jafari ◽  
Abbas Shahsavani ◽  
Ali Abdolahnejad ◽  
Majid Kermani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Vice Chancellor ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Introduction: In the 21st century, air pollution has become a global and environmental challenge. The increase in cases of illness and mortality due to air pollution is not hidden from anyone. Therefore, in this study, we estimated the mortality rate due to cause by air pollution agents (PM2.5) in the southernmost city of Khuzestan province (Abadan city) at 2018-2019. Materials and methods: To estimate the mortality duo to air pollution, data related to PM2.5 particles daily concentrations was received from the Abadan Environmental Protection Organization. The average 24-h concentrations of PM2.5 were calculated using Excel. Then, mortality data were obtained from the Vice Chancellor for Health, Abadan University of Medical Sciences. Finally, by AirQ+ software, each of the mortality in 2018-2019 in Abadan was estimated. Results: The obtained data indicated that the concentration of PM2.5 particles within the one-year period was higher than the value set by WHO guideline and EPA standard. Which caused the citizens of Abadan to be exposed to PM2.5 more than 8.23 times than the guidelines of the WHO and 5.34 times more than the standard of the EPA. The output of the model used in this study was as follows: natural mortality (462 cases, AP: 38.25%), mortality duo to LC (6 cases, AP: 32.18%), mortality duo to COPD (8 cases, AP: 26.64%), mortality duo to Stroke (86 cases, AP: 71.26%), mortality duo to IHD (183 cases, AP: 68.34%) and mortality duo to ALRI (2 cases, AP: 32.9%). Conclusion: Planning appropriate strategies of air pollution control to reduce exposure and attributable mortalities is important and necessary.

scholarly journals AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SOCIOECONOMIC RISK FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS OF RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafar Hayat Maken ◽  
Faizan Ahmed ◽  
Ferogh E- Elahi ◽  
Ali Arumghan ◽  
Mehar . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

BACKGROUND: Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) is a disease of developing countries where it inflects significant burden dis-proportionality. We investigated the role of socio-economic and environmental risk factors for RHD. METHODS:· This was descriptive cross-sectional conducted at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad by including the patients coming to cardiology out door patient department through convenient sampling technique. Study was approved from ethical committee of Pakistan institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad and written consent was taken prior to start the interview. RESULTS: In this study, the average age of patient with rheumatic heart disease was 29.4 years, male predominance of patients was observed. 67% of subjects had income below Rs. 20,000. Average BMI of subjects was 22.4±4.04. It was observed that 75.25 % of people lived in houses with an area of less than 5 marla. Average area of house was found to be 5.12±2.8 marla. Overcrowding was noticed in 60.8 % of the subjects. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of RHD and Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) in Pakistan. The major findings of this study were that Overcrowding, poor hygienic conditions, low socio-economic status, are major risk factors for RHD. In order to address this alarming situation, platforms like Pakistan Pediatric Cardiac Society and Pakistan Pediatric Association need to be mobilized for health promotion regarding awareness of the disease.

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