scholarly journals Estimación del consumo de forraje para dos biotipos bovinos lecheros en el trópico altoandino de Nariño, Colombia: Consumo materia seca bovinos

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-228
Author(s):  
Juan Leonardo Cardona Iglesias ◽  
◽  
Yesid Avellaneda Avellaneda ◽  
Edwin Castro Rincón ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Randomized Design

The implementation of efficient grazing technologies in high mountain cattle ranches in the department of Nariño (Colombia) increases the sustainability of these production systems and promotes the conservation of the landscape design. With the objective of evaluating the dry matter intake of F1 (Kiwi-cross x Holstein) and Holstein cattle biotypes, present in hillside areas of the Nariño mountain, a preliminary trial of individual consumption of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was carried out in Pasto (Nariño-Colombia) with the gauging technique, and the results were compared with models reported in the literature. The data were analyzed as a completely randomized design, with repeated measures over time. Intake per gauging was higher (p<0.05) in Holstein cows, with respect to F1 cows (12.74 vs. 9.69 kg/dry-matter/day), but per unit live weight was similar (p>0.05). On the other hand, the milk composition of F1 cows was superior (p<0.05) for fat, protein, and total solids (%). In conclusion, the two breeds evaluated recorded the same forage intake capacity as a function of live weight, but, due to the larger size of the Holstein cows the absolute intake was higher, indicating that an adjustment in forage supply should be made according to the size of the animals. This work contributes to improve grazing techniques, making the use of pastures and their environment more sustainable, which favors productive efficiency and improves the quality of life for the producer families in the area.

scholarly journals Production, Forage Quality, and Performance of Holstein Cows under Intermittent Grazing on Tifton 85

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Valdevino Rodrigues Da Silva ◽  
Kátia Aparecida De Pinho Costa ◽  
Marco Antônio Pereira Da Silva ◽  
Edmar Soares Nicolau ◽  
Victor Costa Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
And Performance

Tropical forage grasses compose the base diet of the Brazilian cattle herd due to their low production cost, high production potential, and good adaptation to various Brazilian ecosystems. In recent years, the search has intensified for alternatives that increase the yield in pasture milk production systems. Thus, the present study evaluated the production and quality of Tifton 85 grass in relation to the production parameters (e.g. greater leaf: stem ratio), and milk quality of Holstein cows in an intermittent grazing system during different seasons of the year. The experiment was conducted at the Córrego da Ponte Farm in Santa Helena de Goias, Goias, Brazil, from April 2014 to March 2015. The experiment used a completely randomized design with nine replicates and the four seasons (fall, winter, spring, and summer) as treatments. The Holstein cows had a live weight of 560±36.8 kg and averages four years of age. The grazing method used was a mob-stocking, with one day of grazing and 19 days of rest. The results showed that Tifton 85 was efficient regarding production parameters (total dry mass) and forage quality (IVDMD, NDF, ADF). The milk production was satisfactory during the fall, spring, and summer. The forage showed limited production during the winter, due the highest NDF, ADF levels and lower IVDMD (P < 0.05), which was directly reflected in the milk yield, fat, protein and lactose (P < 0.05). A reduction in the stocking rate or an increase in the number of paddocks is advisable during the winter to maximize milk production without compromising forage development. The correlation data showed the importance of consuming better-quality forage to increase milk production without compromising the levels of milk solids.

Effects of genotype and dietary forage to concentrate ratio during the finishing period on carcass characteristics and meat quality of lambs from hill sheep systems

2001 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. CARSON ◽  
B. W. MOSS ◽  
L. E. R. DAWSON ◽  
D. J. KILPATRICK
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Classification Score ◽  
Forage:Concentrate Ratio ◽  
Matter Basis

The study investigated the effects of lamb genotype produced from hill flocks on feed efficiency, carcass characteristics and meat quality in animals finished on either a high forage:concentrate ratio diet (HFC) or a low forage:concentrate ratio diet (LFC). Purebred Scottish Blackface (BXB) lambs were compared with Blue-Faced Leicester×Scottish Blackface (BLXB) and Texel×Scottish Blackface (TXB) lambs. Purebred Cheviot (CXC), Suffolk×Cheviot (SXC) and Texel×Cheviot (TXC) lambs were also investigated. Lambs on the LFC diet were offered grass silage and concentrates mixed in the proportion of 0·80 silage and 0·20 concentrates on a dry matter basis. The LFC diet consisted of 0·20 grass silage and 0·80 concentrates on a dry matter basis. Representative lambs were slaughtered at the start of the experiment and on reaching 38 and 46 kg live weight. Averaged over the two slaughter weights, within the Blackface cross lambs, BXB had a lower liveweight gain (P < 0·01) than either BLXB or TXB (138, 207 and 203 (S.E. 11·1) g/day, respectively). Within the Cheviot cross lambs, CXC had a lower liveweight gain (P < 0·05) than SXC (188 v. 220 (S.E. 11·1) g/day), while SXC and TXC (204 g/day) had similar liveweight gains. Lambs on the LFC diet had a higher dressing proportion (P < 0·001) compared with lambs finished on the HFC diet (0·466 v. 0·434 (S.E. 0·0018) kg carcass per kg live weight). Averaged over the two slaughter weights BXB lambs had a lower (P < 0·05) dressing proportion than the other genotypes. Carcass conformation classification (assessed on a five-point scale) was higher (P < 0·001) in lambs finished on the LFC diet (3·0 v. 2·4 (S.E. 0·04)). Conformation classification was higher in lambs produced from Cheviot compared with Blackface ewes (P < 0·05). Within the Blackface cross lambs, BXB and BLXB lambs had a lower conformation classification (P < 0·001) than TXB lambs (2·4, 2·4 and 2·9 (S.E. 0·08) respectively). Within the Cheviot ewes, TXC lambs had a higher (P < 0·001) classification than either CXC or SXC (3·1, 2·7 and 2·7 (S.E. 0·08) respectively). Lambs finished on the LFC diet had a higher fat classification score compared with lambs on the HFC diet (P < 0·001) (3·4 v. 2·8 (S.E. 0·04)). Fat classification was similar across all genotypes. Lambs finished on the LFC diet had a lower ash content in the carcass than lambs finished on a HFC diet (P < 0·01) (44 v. 47 (S.E. 0·8) g/kg). Lamb genotype and dietary forage:concentrate ratio had no significant effect on cooking loss, sarcomere length, Warner–Bratzler shear force and L* values. Ultimate pH (pHU) was not influenced by dietary forage:concentrate ratio, but was significantly (P < 0·01) higher in BXB lambs compared with BLXB, TXB, CXC and TXC lambs. Lambs offered the LFC diet during the finishing period had significantly higher values for a* (P < 0·05), b* (P < 0·001), C* (P < 0·001) and H0 (P < 0·05) than lambs offered a HFC diet. Of these parameters only b* was significantly affected by lamb genotype, with BXB lambs having a lower value (P < 0·05) than the other genotypes.

The effects of different amounts of liquid skim-milk on pork pigs with particular reference to carcass quality

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Barber ◽  
R. Braude ◽  
Zena D. Hosking ◽  
K. G. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Caloric Value ◽  
Calculated Energy ◽  
Matter Basis

SUMMARY1. Seventy-two individually fed pigs on six treatments were used to determine the effects on performance and in particular on carcass quality of (a) giving quantities of liquid skim-milk (preserved with formalin) in excess of those normally recommended; (b) replacing meal by skim-milk in the ration on a calculated dry-matter basis (1 gal. skim-milk equivalent to 1 · 1 lb. meal) as compared with a calculated energy basis (1 gal. skim-milk equivalent to 1 · 3 lb. meal) and (c) giving skim-milk for only a part of the growing period instead of throughout. The experimental period continued from 9–10 weeks of age until slaughter at an average live-weight of 135 lb.2. Extensive carcass measurements were taken and in addition assessment of the carcasses was made by a representative of the County Quality Pork Association and by an expert pork butcher.3. Carcasses from pigs given an all-meal diet were comparable in all respects with those from pigs given skim-milk throughout up to a maximum of either 5¼ or 10½ pints per pig per day.4. Carcasses from pigs given the highest level of skim-milk (maximum of 15¾ pints per pig per day) were superior in many respects to those on any of the other treatments, but the possibility that this was due to their slower rate of growth rather than to the high level of milk per se, is discussed.5. Pigs given skim-milk as replacement of part of their meal allowance on a calculated dry matter basis grew significantly faster than those in which the replacement was made on a calculated energy basis or than those given an all-meal diet. The importance is stressed of ensuring that in assessing the value of skim-milk for pigs the caloric value of the rations being compared is similar. The need for experiments based on actual determinations of the caloric value of the rations used is also emphasised.6. While the performance of pigs given skim-milk up to 75 lb. live-weight only was similar to that of pigs given skim-milk throughout, evidence was obtained that the quality of their carcasses was slightly inferior.7. There was some suggestion that as the level of skim-milk in the diet increased an eye muscle of a rather paler colour was produced.

scholarly journals Size and vigor of Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan seeds harvested in Caatinga areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaciara de Souza Bispo ◽  
Danielle Carolina Campos da Costa ◽  
Samara Elizabeth Vieira Gomes ◽  
Gilmara Moreira de Oliveira ◽  
Janete Rodrigues Matias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Climate Variations ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract: Angico is a species found in several environments in Brazil, with several applications. It is used in the timber industry and mainly in folk medicine. In order to verify a variation in the biometric characteristics and the quality of seeds from different mother-plants in different harvesting years, the following variables were studied: moisture content, diameter, density, electrical conductivity, fresh and dry matter of seedlings, germination percentage and kinetics, in a completely randomized design with a 2x3 factorial arrangement (lots x size). The obtained results showed that angico seeds from different lots showed different physiological quality, possibly due to the climate variations to which mother-plants were submitted in the different years. Seed size directly interferes with seedling growth under both controlled and greenhouse conditions, and it can be used as a vigor indicator for angico seeds.

scholarly journals Production of Bambusa vulgaris seedlings from rhizomes under brackish water irrigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 337-342
Author(s):  
Lourenço M. C. Branco ◽  
Claudivan F. de Lacerda ◽  
Albanise B. Marinho ◽  
Carlos H. C. de Sousa ◽  
Amanda S. F. Calvet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of irrigation with brackish water on the production of bamboo seedlings (Bambusa vulgaris). The experiment was carried out at the Fazenda Experimental Piroás, in the municipality of Redenção, CE, Brazil (4° 14’ 53” S, 38° 45’ 10” W, and altitude of 230 m), in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six repetitions. The treatments consisted of five irrigation water electrical conductivity (ECw): 0.5 (control); 1.5; 2.5; 3.5 and 4.5 dS m-1. At 120 days after the beginning of the application of the treatments the leaf gas exchange, relative chlorophyll index (RCI), plant height (H), shoot dry matter (SDM), H/SDM ratio, and the concentrations of Na+ and K+ in stems and leaves were evaluated. Salt tolerance indexes were calculated based on SDM, H, photosynthesis rate and RCI. The increase in the ECw reduced leaf gas exchange, and the reduction in the photosynthesis rate was caused by stomatal and non-stomatal effects. The salinity affected negatively the growth and quality of bamboo seedlings, with the greatest effects being with ECw equal to or greater than 2.5 dS m-1. Bamboo seedlings present Na+ retention in the stems and low Na+/K+ ratio in the leaves. Bamboo seedlings are tolerant to salinity up to 1.5 dS m-1, indicating that waters with this salinity can be used for seedling production of this species, without loss of growth and quality.

The quality of pork when included in the diet of the drug Permaite

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
N. I. Kulmakova ◽  
L. B. Leontiev
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Potassium Oxide ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
On Farm

It is well known that the growth rate of an animal depends on the level of feeding. However, the diets used in farms do not always meet the body’s needs for biologically active substances. In recent years numerous studies have been conducted to study the eff ect of natural and synthetic complex biologically active drugs on the productivity, metabolism of pigs and the quality of the products obtained. The imbalance or lack of certain nutrients in the diet reduces the productivity of animals, reduces the conversion of feed. The purpose of our research was to study the effect of the drug Permaite included in the diet of pigs on some indicators of the quality and safety of pork. Permaite is a standardized zeolite-containing trepel of the Chuvash Republic. Its chemical composition is (%): silicon oxide – 64,39, iron oxide – 3,25. aluminum oxide – 8,42, titanium oxide – 0,45, calcium oxide – 7,74, calcium carbonate – 14,7, magnesium oxide – 1,71, potassium oxide – 1,81, sodium oxide – 0,03, phosphorus pentoxide – 0,20 and other impurities – 11,9. Experimental studies have been conducted on 2 groups of pigs on rearing and subsequent fattening. Pigs of the experimental group have been received the main diet with the inclusion of the drug Permaite at a dose of 3 % to the dry matter of the main diet in the form of a fraction of 0,1–0,3 mm. The drug has been prescribed once a day in a mixture with compound feed for 60 days. The control group of pigs during this period was on farm diet without the inclusion of the drug. Upon reaching the live weight of 100–110 kg the pigs have been sent for slaughter. The results of the research allow us to conclude that the inclusion of the drug Permaite in the dose of 3 % to the dry matter of the main diet provides the increase in the nutritional, biological, energy value, technological properties and safety of pork.

scholarly journals Suckler Bulls Slaughtered at 15 Months of Age: Effect of Different Production Systems on the Fatty Acid Profile and Selected Quality Characteristics of Longissimus Thoracis

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Moran ◽  
Shannon S. Wilson ◽  
Cormac K. McElhinney ◽  
Frank J. Monahan ◽  
Mark McGee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

The objective was to compare the quality of beef from bulls reared in typical Irish indoor systems or in novel grass-based systems. Bulls were assigned to one of the following systems: (a) grass silage plus barley-based concentrate ad libitum (CON); (b) grass silage ad libitum plus 5 kg of concentrate (SC); (c) grazed grass without supplementation (G0); (d) grazed grass plus 0.5 kg of the dietary dry matter intake as concentrate (GC) for (100 days) until slaughter (14.99 months). Carcass characteristics and pH decline were recorded. Longissimus thoracis was collected for analytical and sensory analysis. Lower carcass weight, conformation and fatness scores were found for grazing compared to CON and SC groups. CON bulls had highest intramuscular fat and lighter meat colour compared with grazing bulls. The SC meat (14 days aged) was rated higher for tenderness, texture, flavour and acceptability compared with grazing groups. CON saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid (FA) concentration was highest, conversely, omega-3 FA concentration was higher for GC compared with CON, while no differences were found in polyunsaturated FA. In conclusion, while market fatness specification was not reached by grazed grass treatments, beef eating quality was not detrimentally affected and nutritional quality was improved.

The effect of wilting of herbage on silage composition and its feeding value for milk production

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Block Experiment

ABSTRACTA randomized block experiment was used to assess the effects of wilting of herbage prior to ensiling. Three silages, each a composite of three harvests taken over the season, were prepared by ensiling herbage as unwilted, medium-wilted or high-wilted material with mean dry-matter contents in the resulting silages of 192, 254 and 455g/kg respectively. The silages were ensiled in bunker silos using the same harvesting machinery and with formic acid applied at the rate of 2 81/t of herbage. The silages were offered to 81 January- and February-calving cows from the 8th day post partum until going to pasture on 27 April, with a mean period on treatmen t of 92 days. In addition, all animals received a fixed concentrate allowance of 7·6 kg/day. Wilting increased silage dry-matter intake, the mean intakes being 9·2, 9·4 and 10·0kg/day for the unwilted, medium-wilted and high-wilted material respectively, but resulted in a significant depression in milk yield, with the yields obtained during the final 14 days on treatment being 23·6, 21 -8 and 21·5kg/day respectively. Milk composition, live weight, body condition, total ration digestibility and nitrogen-balance data are also presented.

scholarly journals Production of laying hens in different rearing systems under hot weather

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 37677
Author(s):  
Daniel Araujo Netto ◽  
Héder José D'Ávila Lima ◽  
Julia Rodrigues Alves ◽  
Bianca Corrêa de Morais ◽  
Mauricio Silva Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
External Quality ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Randomized Design

 The environment is very important for the performance of laying hens; thus, techniques are required to improve production systems, providing better welfare for poultry and consequent increase in the quality of the final product, the egg. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rearing system, on the floor and in cage, on the performance and egg internal and external quality of laying hens. A total of 320 Hysex Brown laying hens, with 34-43 weeks days of age, was distributed in a completely randomized design, with two treatments, floor and cage, with 10 replicates each. The parameters evaluated were: individual feed intake, egg production per replicate, feed conversion per dozen eggs, egg weight; weight and percentage participation of shell, albumen and yolk, specific gravity, body weight variation and viability of birds. The results show that the birds raised on the floor showed best results as to egg production, besides the best internal and external quality, with greater weight of egg, yolk, albumen, shell and with lower losses of eggs. Because of the negative effects of the cage system, in general, hens presented lower results when compared to results of those raised on the floor. 

scholarly journals Performance and carcass quality of Czech Fleckvieh, Charolais and Charolais × Czech Fleckvieh bulls fed diets based on different types of silages

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bartoň ◽  
V. Kudrna ◽  
D. Bureš ◽  
R. Zahrádková ◽  
V. Teslík
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Entire Experiment

A total of thirty-four Czech Fleckvieh (CF), Charolais (CH) and Charolais × Czech Fleckvieh (CH × CF) bulls with an average weight of 284 kg were included in the experiment and fed ad libitum two mixed diets: MS (based on maize silage) and LCS (based on legume-cereal and lucerne silages) with different concentrations of dietary energy until slaughter at the target live weight of 600 kg. The CF bulls consumed more dry matter (DM) of feed daily than the CH bulls (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and gained weight less efficiently than the CH × CF and CH animals (<i>P</i> < 0.01) during the entire experiment. The killing-out percentage was lower in the CF than in the CH × CF and CH (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The CH bulls received a higher score for carcass conformation and a lower score for carcass fatness (<i>P</i> < 0.01) than the CF bulls, had lower proportions of kidney and cod fat (<i>P</i> < 0.01) than the CH × CF and CF bulls, and produced the highest percentage of high-priced meat (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and the lowest percentage of separable fat (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The bulls on the MS diet were younger than the others at the end of the experiment (<i>P</i> < 0.01), gained weight more rapidly (<i>P</i> < 0.001), consumed less DM (<i>P</i> < 0.001) daily, utilized nutrients more efficiently over the entire experimental period (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and had a higher proportion of internal fat than the LCS bulls. It can be concluded that purebred CH bulls were superior to the other breed groups in most of the traits observed. The intensive diet based on maize silage increased average daily gains, reduced the time needed to achieve the target slaughter weight, and improved the feed efficiency of bulls.

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