INDICATORS OF DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS BRED IN FARMS OF THE VORONEZH REGION WITH THE ANALYSIS OF MAIN TECHNOLOGICAL REASONS FOR THEIR CULLING
The main breeds of cows bred in the Voronezh region are red-mottled, Simmental, Holstein, both domestic and imported selection. The milk productivity of the red-mottled breed is 6247.9 kg, the duration of production use of ncp is 2.9 lactation; the Simmental ncpis 6952.9 kg and ncp is 3.21, and the Holstein ncp is 8845.4 kg and ncp is 1.85, respectively. Imported Simmental and Holstein cattle have a high potential for milk productivity, but the longevity period with the technology of loose keeping is very short. The main reasons for culling imported cattle are transport injuries, metabolic disorders, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, breast diseases, hooves in general due to adaptation of body and the influence of production paratypical factors. With the technology of loose keeping of dairy herds as a result of intensive load, the main reasons for culling are udder diseases of ncp-19.5 %, diseases of the reproductive organs of ncp-25.1%, and limbs of ncp – 18.5 %. In conditions of year-round tie-up housing of cows, as a result of hypodynamia, metabolic disorders occur. Diseases of reproductive organs make up ncp-32.8%, as well as diseases of distal extremities of ncp-22.3. In a number of farms, protein overfeed is noted, as a result of which the body experiences an intense load, leading to a number of animal diseases. As a result, it is necessary to recommend and follow the technological principles of providing the necessary hygienic conditions that would be close to the physiological or natural requirements of animal’s body to ensure the efficiency of raw milk production.