scholarly journals Calculation of the main technological parameters of the apparatus for receiving raw materials used in the production of medical application sorbent

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Ilnar A. Valeev ◽  
◽  
Irina V. Zhukova ◽  
Azat A. Girfanutdinov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Thermal Calculation ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Active Coal

Analysis of the consumption of activated carbon on the international market showed sufficient demand for this topic, both for medical and for most industries. Sorbents are a large class of drugs that are able to excrete a wide variety of toxic substances from the body. The activated carbon market in the Russian Federation was focused on the military-industrial complex, due to which the range of goods was very limited. Due to the current situation, activated carbons produced by our industry are universal and, therefore, ineffective for specific tasks. Based on this, the problem of inexpensive and effective sorbents is very relevant and the lack of active coal reaches several tens of thousands per year. This problem is being solved for the most part by importing the product. The urgency of the problem poses the task of quickly introducing this type of installation and effectively calculating its technical parameters for subsequent manufacturing. The task of the engineering method of calculation is the operational calculation of the given source data, the design parameters of the apparatus. The possibility of using waste wood processing enterprises has shown that the use of this type of raw material is justified and effective. Both in terms of cost, and in terms of beneficial use of tree illiquid. Technical innovations and proven solutions used in the experimental setup will significantly intensify the pyrolysis process while improving product quality and reducing its cost. An algorithm for calculating the main technical parameters of the camera. It includes several blocks responsible for each parameter. Calculation of geometric parameters allows you to develop an installation of strictly the required geometric size based on the necessary raw materials needs. Aerodynamic calculation takes into account the whole process of preparing raw materials and allows you to select the necessary attachments strictly according to the required parameters. Thermal calculation allows you to select the materials of the chamber from the required temperature range required for more efficient raw materials production with the optimal characteristics.

scholarly journals Activated Carbons from Miscanthus Straw for Cleaning Water Bodies in Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
K.E. Abit ◽  
L. Carlsen ◽  
A.A. Nurzhanova ◽  
M.K. Nauryzbaev
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Specific Pore Volume ◽  
Active Coal

Pollution of water bodies by heavy metals is an acute problem in Kazakhstan. Hence, search for and implementation of sustainable environmental technologies for water purification is of high priority. Activated carbon appears as an appropriate material as reflected in a number of previous studies. Due to a growing interest in low-cost active coals from renewable, rapidly recovering raw materials, especially for the purification of drinking water and wastewater, special attention has been in recent years been paid to the preparation activated carbons from some types of agricultural by-products. Along these lines a technology for producing new carbon-containing sorbents, i.e., activated carbon from Miscanthus straw (Мiscanthus × giganteus) is reported. The method of preparation, type of reactor, experimental conditions and the influence of the selected initial material on the properties of the resulting activated carbons are discussed. The activation of the primarily carbonized material in super-heated steam creates an activated coal material with a specific surface area of 541.9 m2/g and a specific pore volume of 0.232 cm3/g. The possible application for purification of water bodies from selected heavy metals was studied by estimation of the sorption capacity of the generated active coal material towards selected metal ions. The adsorption capacity for copper, zinc and lead ions is 90, 100, 500 mg/L, which allows to consider obtained by this method AC as an attractive alternative to traditional coal sorbents.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE SORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTIVATED CARBONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (446) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
A.E. Ilyassov ◽  
A.О. Baikonurova ◽  
B.N. Surimbayev
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Heap Leaching ◽  
Gold Content ◽  
Coking Coal ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

The article presents the results of a comparison of the sorption characteristics for gold of crushed activated carbon of the foreign Haycarb brand, obtained from expensive raw materials - coconut shells, and crushed activated carbon of the domestic Shubarkol brand, obtained from relatively cheap raw materials - low-ash coking coal. The activated carbon Shubarkol crushed to a class of -3.6+1.0 mm, was produced in Kazakhstan from coking coal by Shubarkolkomir JSC. To test the crushed coal Shubarkol, industrial crushed coal Haycarb, made from coconut shells, was used as a reference sample. This coal is widely used in gold mining enterprises for the sorption of dissolved gold from cyanide solutions and pulps. For research, a productive solution of the process of heap leaching of gold from oxidized ore of one of the deposits of Kazakhstan was used with the composition, mg/L: gold 0.82; silver 0.44; copper 8.34; pH 11.05. Determination of the sorption characteristics of coals was carried out by the method of saturation with gold when changing solutions. The results of changes in the gold content in the mother solution, its extraction and saturation of coals with precious metal after each sorption cycle from the productive heap leaching solution using crushed coals of the Shubarkol and Haycarb brands are presented. It follows from the obtained data that Shubarkol activated carbon has similar sorption characteristics compared to Haycarb activated carbon. The working capacity for gold of Shubarkol coal was 2.28 kg/ton of sorbent, and of Haycarb coal - 2.57 kg/ton. Thus, crushed coal Shubarkol, obtained from relatively cheap raw materials, can be successfully used at industrial facilities instead of foreign sorbent.

scholarly journals ON THE POSSIBILITY OF USING CARBON ENTEROSORBENTS TO NORMALIZE CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
N. V. Sych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Carbon Adsorbents ◽  
Industrial Carbon

The creation of effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis is one of the urgent interdisciplinary tasks for modern chemistry and pharmacology. Given the role of hypercholesterolemia in the development of this disease, it is necessary to remove excess amounts of cholesterol from the body. As an alternative to means of lowering total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, the possibility of using carbon enterosorbents for efferent therapy is considered. Aim. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sorption capacity of the adsorbents developed by authors in terms of the possibility of cholesterol adsorption. Methods. Using the spectrophotometric method, the sorption of cholesterol on samples of adsorbents obtained by chemical activation of waste from the processing of lignocellulosic raw materials — dogwood and coffee residue has been studied. Results. A comparison of sorption isotherms with the isotherm obtained on the industrial adsorbent SORBEX has been performed. It was shown that the adsorption capacity of carbon adsorbents is primarily determined by their porous structure. The highest sorption values (7,3 mg/g) have been revealed by the sorption material obtained by chemical activation of cornel seed, an intermediate position (6,3 mg/g) is occupied by the adsorbent obtained from the coffee residue. Industrial carbon SORBEX has the lowest sorption values (5,3 mg/g). Conclusions. Calculations by Langmuir’s and Freundlich’s models testify about the accordance of the experimental data to Langmuir’s model. The use of the obtained activated carbons may be one of the effective alternative ways to lower blood cholesterol.

Adsorption of CO Gas and Cigarette Smoke Using NiO-Modified Metal Activated Carbon

2020 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
pp. 303-310
Author(s):  
Yuliusman ◽  
Fadel Al Farouq ◽  
Samson Patar Sipangkar ◽  
Mufiid Fatkhurrahman ◽  
Salma Amaliani Putri
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
The Body ◽  
Modified Activated Carbon ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
Adsorption Of Co ◽  
Modified Activated Carbons ◽  
Co Gas

Smoking can cause various ongoing complications in the body. One of the dangerous components of cigarette smoke is carbon monoxide which is one of the most toxic pollutants produced from cigarette gas emissions. Reducing levels in the air can utilize the adsorbent in the form of activated carbon which has the capacity and selectivity to these pollutants. Activated carbon was prepared from corn stalks which were activated by KOH at 750 °C based on previous research. The activated carbon which produced have Iodine number equal to 602 mg/g and SBET reached 599 m2/g. To strengthen the adsorption power, the results of activated carbon will be modified by impregnation of NiO metal. Metal impregnation varied with loading percentage 0.5, 1 and 2%. Modified activated carbons were then characterized by the Iodine Number test, BET test, SEM test, and EDX test. Each of the modified activated carbon will be tested for the capacity and selectivity of adsorption of CO and cigarette smoke. The best modified activated carbon is Mod 0.5% with Iodine number equal to 844 mg/g and SBET reached 839 m2/g. The best adsorption ability is obtained by 0.5% NiO-modified activated carbon which able to reduce CO gas levels by 29.9% and for cigarette smoke reaching 82.16%.

Physicochemical effect of activation temperature on the sorption properties of pine shell activated carbon

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 1158-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agha Arslan Wasim ◽  
Muhammad Nasiruddin Khan
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Xylenol Orange ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Physicochemical Effect

Activated carbons produced from a variety of raw materials are normally selective towards a narrow range of pollutants present in wastewater. This study focuses on shifting the selectivity of activated carbon from inorganic to organic pollutants using activation temperature as a variable. The material produced from carbonization of pine shells substrate was activated at 250°C and 850°C. Both adsorbents were compared with commercial activated carbon for the sorption of lead, cadmium, methylene blue, methyl blue, xylenol orange, and crystal violet. It was observed that carbon activated at 250°C was selective for lead and cadmium whereas the one activated at 850°C was selective for the organic dyes. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study revealed that AC850 had less surface functional groups as compared to AC250. Point of zero charge and point of zero salt effect showed that AC250 had acidic groups at its surface. Scanning electron microscopy depicted that increase in activation temperature resulted in an increase in pore size of activated carbon. Both AC250 and AC850 followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Temkin isotherm model was a best fit for empirical data obtained at equilibrium. The model also showed that sorption process for both AC250 and AC850 was physisorption.

Development and Application of Bamboo Activated Carbons and their Potency as Adsorbent Material for Adsorbed Natural Gas (ANG); An Overview

2016 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewa Ngakan Ketut Putra Negara ◽  
Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia ◽  
I Wayan Surata ◽  
Made Sucipta
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Adsorbed Natural Gas ◽  
High Production

Currently, the use of activated carbon (AC) increased significantly for the industrial sector, health, environment and agriculture. However, the commercial price of activated carbon is relatively expensive, especially for micro industries mainly due to high production costs. Additionally, it comes from non-renewable sources with limited availability. This prompted the researchers to study the production of AC from inexpensive precursors and renewable; one of which is made from bamboo. AC production can be done through a pyrolysis process followed by physical or chemical activation. Differences in raw materials and activation methods used can affect the characteristics and quality of activated carbon produced. This paper reviews the development and application of bamboo activated carbons in the life sectors and their potency for use as an adsorbent material for the absorbed natural gas (ANG).

scholarly journals Reuse of Waste Materials as Precursors of Activated Carbon Synthesis for the Abatement of Antibiotic Cefpodoxime Proxetil from Industrial Effluents.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryyia Manzoor ◽  
Naseem Abbas ◽  
Javier Fernandez ◽  
Amir Mirza ◽  
Ghazala Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Maximum Removal

Abstract The release of antibiotics to aquatic environment creates aquatic ecotoxicity and their bioaccumulation results in antibiotic resistance. Hence to lessen the risk of ecotoxicity and depletion of natural resources, it is imperative to disclose alternate precursor raw materials that can be successfully employed for the synthesis of new sorbents capable to remove antibiotics from the environment. This research reports the synthesis of activated carbon based sorbents derived from waste biomaterials like coconut shell (CNAC), walnut shell & peach stone (WNAC) and Bombax ceiba fruit capsule (BCAC) and their ability to remove antibiotic Cefpodoxime from the industrial effluents. Activation of carbon was done by HNO3 and H3PO4. FTIR, BET and SEM techniques were used for characterization of sorbents. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to study the adsorption behavior. Moreover, the experimental adsorption capacity (qe) of the three activated carbons was found to be 32 mg/g for CNAC, 40 mg/g for WNAC and 10 mg/g for BCAC. The maximum removal efficiency of the drug was found to be 96% using the WNAC. HPLC analysis was performed to confirm the removal of Cefpodoxime from industrial effluent.

Production of High Surface Area Activated Carbon from Coconut Husk

2014 ◽  
Vol 1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Armstrong ◽  
Zachary J. Morchesky ◽  
Dustin T. Hess ◽  
Kofi W. Adu ◽  
David. K. Essumang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Porosity Analysis

ABSTRACTWe present preliminary results on a processing protocol by chemical activation that transforms organic waste product such as coconut husk into high surface area activated carbon. Dried raw materials of the coconut husk were carbonized anaerobically into char. The char was impregnated with KOH of different ratios and were activated at 800°C and 900°C. The transmission electron microscope was used to acquire structural and morphological information of the activated carbon, and the surface area and porosity analysis were performed using Micromeritics ASAP 2020 analyzer. The activated carbons show both micropores and mesopores with specific surface area as high as 2900m2/g.

scholarly journals Research on the Development of Technologies for the Production of Granulated Activated Carbons Using Various Binders

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5180
Author(s):  
Iwona Skoczko ◽  
Remigiusz Guminski
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Carbon Production ◽  
Carbon Mass ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
Very High ◽  
Granulated Activated Carbon

Activated carbons (ACs) are processed carbon-rich materials with a highly developed inner surface and significant porosity used for different media treatment in municipal and industrial plants. Activated carbon may be manufactured as powdered activated carbon (PAC), gritty activated carbon (in a form of raw angels grains) or granulated activated carbon (GAC). The production of the GAC is based on carbonaceous raw materials and various types of binders. The carbon mass is mixed with the binder and formed in cylindrical granules. The binder’s recognition is in a scientific literature side-topic and still needs wider examination. For many years GAC production have been concentrated on the possibility of using sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC). Therefore, the aim of the research was to develop a new binder, in the available technology of granulated activated carbon production. Such binders were tested such as: tall oil (TO), sugar beet molasses (SBM), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC), SCMC using a verified technological process and SCMC with the addition of gas tar (GT). The conducted research shows that all the quality requirements were met by activated carbons with SBM as a binder. Additionally they showed very high adsorption properties. The manufacturing process was shorter in comparison to other tested binders and more efficient.

scholarly journals NANOPOROUS ACTIVATED CARBONS FOR SUPER CAPACITORS WITH AQUEOUS AND ORGANIC ELECTROLYTES

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya A. Zhurilova ◽  
Igor A. Yanilkin ◽  
Elena A. Kiseleva ◽  
Irina N. Atamanyuk ◽  
Evgeniy I. Shkolnikov
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Activation Parameters ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Organic Electrolytes ◽  
Electrochemical Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Super Capacitors

An urgent task is to develop new methods of obtaining porous carbon materials with required complex of properties of cheap raw materials, for example, wastes of mechanical and chemical wood processing. This article deals with the subject of production of activated carbon for supercapacitors with different electrolytes. Activated carbons produced from two wood species, birch and alder, were compared. For both carbons identical dependences of the porous structure and electrochemical parameters of the carbons on activation conditions were determined in a wide range of activation parameters (temperature, alkali/carbon mass ratio). The work was done on the basis of commercial coals of alder. The correlations between the activation parameters of coal (temperature of activation and the relationship of the activator/raw materials), porous structure and functional parameters of capacitors were established. It was established that the acceptable value of the temperature of activation for aqueous electrolyte was 600 °C, and the ratio of activator/raw = 1.25, for organic – 600 °C, the ratio of the activator/raw = 2. A comprehensive study of carbon properties was conducted including a detailed study of the porous structure by the method of limited evaporation and electrochemical parameters of activated carbon in the composition of the supercapacitors. Assumptions were made on the features of formation of porous structure of activated carbons obtained by thermo-chemical synthesis using alkali as an activator, and on the influence of synthesis parameters on the electrochemical characteristics of the supercapacitors.Forcitation:Zhurilova M.A., Yanilkin I.V., Kiseleva E.A., Atamanyuk I.N., Shkolnikov E.I. Nanoporous activated carbons for super capacitors with aqueous and organic electrolytes. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 4. P. 82-87.

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