Epidemiological Characteristics and the Trend of Animal Bites during the years 2014-2018

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasaman Azari ◽  
Mehdi Sadeghi Moghadam ◽  
Jafar Khodabandeh ◽  
Andishe Hamedi
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Animal Bites ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Care System

Background: Animal bite is a serious and dangerous threat to human health. The highest prevalence rate of animal bite in Iran is in Golestan, Ardabil and, then Khorasan. The present study examined the epidemiological characteristics and the trend of animal bites during 2014-2018. Results: In this study, out of 3784 cases bitten by animals, 2821 happened by a sudden attack. Most reports of the animal bite were from dogs. Also, the trend of animal bite during 2014-2018 was increasing and the charts showed that the trend will continue to increase the next year. Conclusion: Due to the increasing trend of animal bites, it is necessary to take basic measures such as training endangered groups, forming a committee to eliminate stray dogs, and strengthening the care system and immunization program.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Characteristics of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome from 2010 to 2019 in Mainland China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3092
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Huang ◽  
Jiandong Li ◽  
Aqian Li ◽  
Shiwen Wang ◽  
Dexin Li
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Severe Fever

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease that is a severe threat to public health considering its high fatality and person-to-person transmission. In order to obtain an updated and deep understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of SFTS in mainland China, we used Pearson’s chi-squared test to compare the fatality rate and demographic characteristics in different groups. Data were analyzed in R3.6.1 (R Development Core Team 2018), while the visualization was performed in ArcGIS 10 (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA), and the statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. A total of 13,824 SFTS cases involving 8899 lab-confirmed cases and 4925 probable cases were reported and included in the epidemiological analysis. Our study found that the number of SFTS cases showed an increasing trend with a small decrease in the past three years. The laboratory-confirmed rate was about 64.4%, which varied between different years and areas. Although most cases (99.3%) were distributed in 7 provinces (Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Hubei, Liaoning, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu), the regional distribution of SFTS gradually expanded from 5 provinces in 2010 to 25 provinces by 2019, especially at the town level. The SFTS cases were mainly sporadic. A total of 96.5% occurred from April to October, and 93.3% of cases were concentrated in middle-aged and elderly people (40–84 years old). Farmers were the main high-risk population. Female cases were slightly more than male cases; however, there were differences between different provinces. The mortality rate showed an increasing trend with age. Overall, the SFTS cases were mainly middle-aged and elderly farmers that sporadically distributed throughout seven provinces with a spatially expanding trend. The laboratory-confirmed rate varied in different years and provinces, which implied that the diagnosis and report criteria for SFTS should be further updated and unified in order to get a better understanding of its epidemiological characteristics and provide scientific data for SFTS control.

Bioinformatics as Emerging Tool and Pipeline Frameworks

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-415
Author(s):  
Tinatin Mshvidobadze ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Process Sequence ◽  
Human Genomes ◽  
Growing Network ◽  
Care System

In this article, we will discuss the areas of origin of bioinformatics in the human health care system. Due to the growing network of biological information databases such as human genomes, transcriptomics and proteomics, bioinformatics has become the approach of choosing forensic sciences. High-throughput bioinformatic analyses increasingly rely on pipeline frameworks to process sequence and metadata. Here we survey and compare the design philosophies of several current pipeline frameworks.

scholarly journals Characterization of Bacillus cereus in Dairy Products in China

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ye Liu ◽  
Qiao Hu ◽  
Fei Xu ◽  
Shuang-Yang Ding ◽  
Kui Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Shed Light

Bacillus cereus is a common and ubiquitous foodborne pathogen with an increasing prevalence rate in dairy products in China. High and unmet demands for such products, particularly milk, raise the risk of B. cereus associated contamination. The presence of B. cereus and its virulence factors in dairy products may cause food poisoning and other illnesses. Thus, this review first summarizes the epidemiological characteristics and analytical assays of B. cereus from dairy products in China, providing insights into the implementation of intervention strategies. In addition, the recent achievements on the cytotoxicity and mechanisms of B. cereus are also presented to shed light on the therapeutic options for B. cereus associated infections.

scholarly journals Nationwide Epidemiological Characteristics of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Jin Lim ◽  
Jin-Seok Lee ◽  
Eun-Jung Lee ◽  
Seok-Ju Jeong ◽  
Ho-Young Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Female Predominance ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Medically Unexplained ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Entire Dataset

Abstract Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a long-term disabling illness accompanied by medically unexplained fatigue. This study aimed to explore the epidemiological characteristics of CFS in South Korea.Methods: Using the nationwide medical records provided by the Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA), we analyzed the entire dataset for CFS patients diagnosed by physicians in Korea from January 2010 to December 2020. Results: The annual mean incidence of CFS was estimated to be 44.71 ± 6.10 cases per 100,000 individuals [95% CI: 40.57, 48.76], and the prevalence rate was 57.70 ± 12.20 cases per 100,000 individuals [95% CI: 49.40, 65.79]. These two rates increased by 1.53- and 1.94-fold from 2010 to 2020, respectively, and showed an increasing trend with aging and an approximately 1.5-fold female predominance. Conclusions: This study is the first to report the nationwide epidemiological features of CFS, which reflects the clinical reality of CFS diagnosis and care in South Korea. This study will be a valuable reference for studies of CFS in the future.

scholarly journals PREVENTION MEASURES OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS GENERATED BY UNCONTROLLED STORAGE OF WASTES – A REVIEW

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
MIRELA DINCĂ ◽  
GIGEL PARASCHIV ◽  
GHEORGHE VOICU ◽  
GEORGIANA MOICEANU ◽  
NICOLETA UNGUREANU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Waste Storage ◽  
Increasing Trend

The issue regarding the negative impact on the human health and environment, as a result of waste storage by using improper methods remains of great actuality, especially with the increasing trend of the generated wastes quantity. The present paper aims to present the most efficient methods that can be used to reduce and prevent environmental risks caused by uncontrolled storage of agricultural waste. Will be treated theoretical aspects related to the actual state of waste management in the E.U. but also in Romania, methods of treating organic waste, as well as prevention measures of environmental risks.

scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of animal bite patients attending emergency department at a tertiary care health facility in a northern hilly Indian city

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 3014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Anmol Gupta ◽  
Amit Sachdeva ◽  
Ankit Chaudhary ◽  
Shaina Chamotra
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Animal Bites ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Background: Rabies is a highly infectious zoonotic disease with a high case fatality rate. In India, approximately 20,000 deaths among 17.4 million exposed people occur every year. The data on animal bites is scarce and unreliable due to poor surveillance and hence, the projected figures are far less from the actual numbers. The present study was conducted to describe epidemiological characteristics of animal bite patients attending casualty department at a tertiary care Government health facility in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.Methods: It was a retrospective study based on secondary data received from animal bite register for year 2017 at casualty department of the Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Shimla, Data of 1512 patients attending the casualty department with history of animal bite was included for the study purpose.Results: About 58% of victims were males and the maximum (22.6%) animal bites were seen in 21-30 years age group. Majority (51.6%) of patients were exposed to dog bites, followed by monkey bites (42.85%) and cat bite 49 (3.2%). About 69.9% of animal bites were in the lower limbs, followed by upper limbs (22.1%), abdomen (4.4%) and head and neck region (3.6%). Maximum bites were category III bites (74.6%) followed by of category II bites (12.9%).Conclusions: Study highlights the neglected but significant picture of animal bite in the Shimla city. Timely and correct post exposure prophylaxis for the animal bite victims is necessary to prevent rabies. This should be supplemented with a robust surveillance and reporting system. With the global aim of zero rabies deaths by 2030; it is time to strengthen the anti-rabies activities at every level.

Economic Evaluation of the National Immunization Program of Rotavirus Vaccination for Children in Korea

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Young Kang ◽  
Ki Hwan Kim ◽  
Ji Hong Kim ◽  
Hwang Min Kim ◽  
Jinkyung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
National Immunization Program ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

The authors assessed the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination to develop an evidence-based national immunization program in Korea. A Markov model was constructed to compare the costs and clinical outcomes of vaccination versus no vaccination. The birth cohort of 493189 infants in 2007 was followed until the age of 5 years. Korea-specific data for epidemiological characteristics and economic burden of rotavirus diarrhea were used for the modeled estimation. Efficacy of RotaTeq® was based on a recent clinical trial. Rotavirus vaccination would prevent 181238 symptomatic cases (reduction rate = 63.2%) over 5 years after birth. From the societal perspective, at a vaccination cost of 100000 Korean won (KW; 1 US$ ≈ 1200 KW) per dose, universal vaccination would cost 375 620 KW per case averted. The breakeven price of vaccine was 56061 KW. Rotavirus vaccination would reduce the burden of the disease substantially and be a cost-effective strategy to prevent rotavirus diarrhea in Korea.

scholarly journals A spatial analysis of the epidemiology of HIV-infected students in Zhejiang province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanjun Chen ◽  
Jiezhe Yang ◽  
Jun Jiang ◽  
Lin He ◽  
Yun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Online Dating ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background The upsurge in HIV infections among students is a matter of particular concern. However, few studies have explored the epidemiological characteristics including the risky sexual networking of HIV-infected students in Zhejiang province, China. Methods Using the provincial surveillance data of HIV-infected students, we conducted a retrospective epidemiology study to describe the epidemiological characteristics of 628 newly diagnosed cases from 2011 to 2016 and detailed information of 124 cases from 2015 to 2016. Spatial analyses were conducted using ArcGIS software, and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. Results A total of 628 cases of HIV/AIDS were diagnosed among students in Zhejiang Province, China between 2011 and 2016. The cases showed an overall increasing trend over time, while the proportions of students with HIV disease status, cases diagnosed by HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT), and cases of homosexual transmission remained stable over time. Significant spatial heterogeneity in the cases was seen at the county level. Detailed data on 124 HIV-positive individuals collected from the local Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from 2015 and 2016, showed that the majority of them (85.5%,) engaged in homosexual behavior, and 93.4% had sex with casual partners. These partners included not only social members, but also other students. Online dating applications represented the most common means of seeking and communicating with homosexual partners. The level of awareness regarding the risk of HIV infection, and the amount coverage of face-to-face education towards students were both low. Conclusions HIV infections among students were characterized by increasing trend and spatial clustering in Zhejiang Province between 2011 and 2016, with homosexual sexual activity being the main mode of infection. Interventions are urgently required to prevent HIV infection in this population by increasing awareness of the disease. HIV testing programs and information regarding disease prevention specifically through online dating applications are needed.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Characteristics and Causes of End-stage Renal Disease in Hemodialysis Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Mehdi Khazaei ◽  
Zainab Eslami Hasan Abadi ◽  
Mohammad Keshvari Delavar ◽  
Morteza Shamsizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Esrd Patients

Background and aims: Hemodialysis (HD) is considered as the main method of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients in many countries including Iran. Given the limited number of epidemiological studies in this regard at the provincial level across the country, the present study aimed to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of ESRD patients and determine the most important causes of ESRD in Hamadan Province. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 508 HD patients in Hamadan province in January 2017. The checklist used to gather information comprised of the patient’s demographic and clinical information. The analysis was carried out using descriptive analysis including frequency tables and charts and the chi-square statistic test was used to compare the groups using Stata software, version 12. Results: The prevalence rate of HD treatment was 288.9 per million population (PMP). Further, most under HD patients were married, illiterate, and urban residents. The mean age of patients at the diagnosis was 47.64 ± 15.17 years. Hypertension (37.4%), diabetes (28.74%), and glomerulonephritis (10.63%) were the common causes of ESRD. Eventually, there was a significant difference between ESRD causes according to gender and residency (P<0.05). Conclusion: In general, the prevalence rate of HD in Hamadan was relatively similar to that of developing countries although it was lower than the national average. Furthermore, hypertension and diabetes were the common causes of ESRD in Hamadan Province. Therefore, preventive strategies should be taken to modify their risk factors.

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