scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF SYNONYMY IN THE MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY OF THE ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND TATAR LANGUAGES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-535
Author(s):  
Venera Khisamova ◽  
Liliia Abdullina ◽  
Leila Nurgalieva ◽  
Zukhra Motygullina

Purpose of the study: This study is undertaken to identify the similarities and differences of synonymous relations in the medical terminology of English, Russian and Tatar languages. Methodology: To identify the common and special in the compared languages, a comparative method is used. The basis of comparison in the medical terminology of genetically unrelated languages was established. In this study, the method of feature comparison was used, i.e. the phenomenon of synonymy was studied in a comparative aspect. Main Findings: The results of this study contribute to the selection of the correct, appropriate synonym for the term when translating into medical texts. Comparative analysis of three languages in the matter of synonyms in medical terminology has shown that English and Russian languages have more similarities than English and Tatar ones and Russian and Tatar ones. Application of the study: This study is of great importance in compiling dictionaries. At the same time, it will help students of the medicine faculty with the translation of medical texts, taking into account the peculiarities of the synonymy of terms in each language. Novelty: The synonymy in the medical terminology of genetically unrelated languages, in particular, English and Tatar languages, Russian and Tatar languages has not been studied to date in a comparative aspect.

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
NFN Bahroni

Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Korupsi and Tahar Ben Jelloun’s Korupsi are two literary works of world writers who have similarities in terms of titles and themes. This study aims to find out and describe the structure, describe the similarities and differences, and knowing and describing the suitability between Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Korupsi and Tahar Ben Jelloun’s Korupsi as material for literary learning at school. The object of this research is Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Korupsi and Tahar Ben Jelloun’s Korupsi. Through the qualitative research paradigm, this research was conducted using descriptive methods of comparative analysis and objective approaches based on the literature itself. The data collection technique of this study uses library research. In connection with the comparative literary work step, research applies structural analysis by applying Robert Stanton's structuralism theory to reveal the similarities and differences contained in the two novels. Based on the results of comparative analysis of textual structures, we obtain a description of differences and similarities from two data sources so that it can be concluded that the Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Korupsi influences to Tahar Ben Jelloun’s Korupsi as indicated by the use of titles, themes, characters and characterizations. The results of a comparative study of the Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Korupsi and Tahar Ben Jelloun’s Korupsi are used as recommendations for literary learning in schools. The Corruption novel by Pramooedya Ananta Toer is suitable as a literary learning material in schools, while the Corruption novel Tahar Ben Jelloun is not appropriate because it does not meet 3 criteria and aspects of the selection of teaching materials, namely aspects of language, culture, and psychology.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S955-S955
Author(s):  
Lauren Stratton ◽  
David Bass ◽  
Rachel Schaffer ◽  
Sara Powers ◽  
Ocean Le ◽  
...  

Abstract The Diverse Elders Coalition, in partnership with its six member organizations and the Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, completed a national survey of 840 family and friend caregivers from diverse racial, ethnic, and sexual orientation communities to understand their unique caregiving issues and challenges. Data from a subsample of 369 caregivers identifying as Hispanic/Latino, Asian, Southeast Asian or multiple ethnicities were analyzed to understand similarities and differences between caregivers born in the US and who immigrated to the US. The Stress Process Conceptual Model guided selection of characteristics used for comparative analysis. Results of logistic regression revealed that caregivers born in the US were younger (B=-.08, p<.001), had higher educational degrees (B=.42, p<.001), and higher incomes (B=.34, p=.002). They assisted care receivers with more health-related tasks (B=.27, p=.013), but fewer culture-related tasks (B=-.51, p=.002); reported higher levels of strain in their relationship with care receivers (B=.66, p=.038); and were less satisfied with the quality of care receivers’ healthcare (B=-.62, p=.042). In terms of reasons for being a caregiver, there were no significant differences in cultural commitment to caring for older family members, however those born in the US were more likely to report providing care because it was more convenient for them than for other family and friends (B=.99, p=.002). Understanding the needs of diverse caregivers has implications for healthcare and service providers, such as providing training on diverse needs. Additionally, the differences between US born and immigrant caregivers highlights implications on the dynamic between caregivers and their care receiver.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Venera Khisamova ◽  
Liliia Abdullina ◽  
Leila Nurgalieva ◽  
Elmira Khabibullina

This study is undertaken to identify the similarities and differences of classification of homonyms in medical terminology of English, Russian and Tatar languages. In this paper a comparative method was used to identify the common and special in the compared languages. The basis of comparison in the medical terminology of genetically unrelated languages was established. In this study, the method of feature comparison was used, i.e. the phenomenon of homonymy was studied in a comparative aspect. The results of this study contribute to ordering the terms, the selection of the correct, appropriate term when translating medical texts from one language into another. The languages under the consideration have intra-terminological, inter-terminological, inter-system homonymy. Besides, there are homonymic relations between eponyms in all languages. In the medical terminology of the English language, the following groups of homonyms are found: absolute, incomplete, partial (homophones, homographs) homonyms. Incomplete homonyms are divided into lexical and lexical and grammatical, and partial homonyms are divided into lexical, lexical and grammatical, grammatical (homonyms-converse terms). Homophones, in turn, are classified into homophones and near homophones. Homonyms are classified into homonyms of a high degree of homonymity, homonyms of a medium degree of homonymity, homonyms of a low degree of homonymity in Russian medical terminology. In medical terminology of the Tatar language absolute and incomplete homonyms are distinguished. Incomplete homonyms include homoforms that belong to different parts of speech and homographs. Homographs are rare phenomenon in the medical terminology of the Tatar language. Separately, as a special group, homonyms-converse terms are considered. There are three types of functional shift relations in the Tatar language: syntactic, lexical and semantic, the most common of which is syntactic relation. The phenomenon of homonymy affects the Greek-Latin terminological elements, which are international. Comparative analysis of three languages in the matter of homonyms in medical terminology has shown that English and Tatar languages have more similarities than English and Russian ones and Russian and Tatar ones. The English medical terminology is more replete with homonymous acronyms than Russian and Tatar ones.


2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Г.С. Шилов ◽  
С.Н. Семенова ◽  
Л.Г. Аксютенкова

The article is devoted to the identification of all adjectives and the study of similarities and differences in both variants of I. Shaw’s (Show’s) work “Return to Kansas City” in English and Russian. In the research process the following methods were used: 1) the selection of adjectives from the texts; 2) the classification; 3) the comparative analysis. A table was built. An attempt to analyze and compare the obtained data was fulfilled from a linguistic point of view.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Antonina P. Guskova

Introduction. Color description comparative analysis might be identified as an important research path of the contemporary language science. The article introduces the methods of Russian-Hungarian vocabulary color description including metaphorical semantics of the color. Due to the vastness of their use in intercultural communication, the relevance of the research is indisputable. It is also due to the interest of linguistics to the problem of the reflection of national culture in the semantics of color terms as a means of lexicographical fixation. The new areas in the work is the identification of the corpus of secondary color terms recorded in dictionaries, the selection of national-specific elements of color terms in the connotative aspects of semantics. Materials and Methods. The material for comparing categories of colors was the color names with the secondary meaning of color from the Russian-Hungarian dictionaries that were not studied in the linguistics. Comparative analysis helped to find the number of the color items, to investigate the correlation and to re-build the system of color to compare the color description in Russian and Hungarian languages. The work has been compiled from Russian-Hungarian dictionaries by Khadrovich & Galdi, Russian-Hungarian dictionaryby Galdi & Uzoni, which contain authoritative lexis and graphical sources as well as grammatical and stylistic commentary on each article. Results and Discussion. The research results in the common corpora of the color items found in Russian-Hungarian dictionaries (single-base words, complex-base words, collocations and idioms). Conclusion. The definition of the color items of color-marking vocabulary in Russian-Hungarian dictionaries showed the primary effect of general language mechanisms, which reflects the adequacy of the lexical color designation systems of the Russian and Hungarian languages. The general properties of color terms in these languages ​​are manifested in their systemic organization, ability to develop polysemy, while national specificity is manifested in the features of color-marking vocabulary. In case of discrepancy or absence of color terms in one of the languages, the compilers of dictionaries resorted to various methods of compensating for the expression of color. The development of compensatory means in the absence of color names in the target language also constitutes the national specificity of the color designation system.


Author(s):  
Л. Н. Герасимова

В статье рассматриваются изобразительные (образные) глаголы, участвующие в вербализации концепта «БОГАТЫРЬ» в эпическом тексте олонхо. Цель исследования – установление особенностей функционирования изобразительных глаголов в смысловом наполнении концепта и выявление наличия преемственности этих особенностей в якутских эпических текстах раннего и позднего периодов при сравнительном анализе. Для достижения поставленной цели использовались следующие методы исследования: метод концептуального анализа, метод сплошной выборки, компонентный анализ, метод семантического определения, метод контекстуального анализа, сравнительный метод. Выборка глаголов была произведена из текстов ранних записей – «Богатырь Тойон Нюргун» Н. Ф. Попова, «Нюргун Боотур Стремительный» К. Г. Оросина, «Ала Булкун богатырь» Т. В. Захарова – Чээбий, «Строптивый Кулун Куллустуур» И. Г. Теплоухова-Тимофеева; из поздних текстов олонхо – «Джирибинэ Боотур» В. О. Каратаева, «Сын лошади Богатырь Дыырай» И. И. Бурнашева – Тонг Суорун, «Кыырджыт Могучий» В. Н. Попова – Бочоох. В анализе было задействовано 13 изобразительных глаголов из ранних текстов и 27 глаголов из поздних текстов олонхо. Как показывает исследование, зафиксированные изобразительные глаголы привлечены для описания внешнего вида богатыря, его действий и движений. Кроме этого, в поздних текстах наблюдается использование изобразительных глаголов в описании телодвижений богатыря. Сравнительный анализ подтверждает сохранение преемственности в поздних текстах. Об этом свидетельствует, например, функционирование аналогичных изобразительных глаголов в описании телосложения богатыря. Изобразительные глаголы, как специальные речевые средства, способствуют лучшему раскрытию и пониманию содержания концепта «БОГАТЫРЬ». У сказителей поздних записей олонхо наблюдается обогащённый словарный запас, следовательно, они для полноты и яркости образа богатыря чаще прибегают к использованию изобразительных глаголов. The article deals with image-forming verbs involved in the verbalization of the concept of “BOGATYR” in the text of olonkho. The purpose of the study was to establish the features of the functioning of image-forming verbs in the semantic content of the concept and to identify the continuity of these features in the Yakut epic texts of the early and late periods in comparative analysis. To achieve this goal, the following research methods were used: the method of conceptual analysis, the method of continuous sampling, the component analysis, the method of semantic definition, the method of contextual analysis, and the comparative method. The selection of verbs was made from the texts of early recordings – “Bogatyr Toyon Nyurgun” by N. F. Popov, “Nyurgun Bootur the Swift” by K. G. Orosin, “Ala Bulkun bogatyr” by T. V. Zakharov – Cheebiy, “Kulun Kullustuur the Obstinate” by I. G. Teploukhov-Timofeev; from later texts – “Dzhiribine Bootur” by V. O. Karataev, “Son of a Horse Bogatyr Dyyray” by I. I. Burnashev – Tong Suorun, “The Mighty Kyyrdzhyt” by V. N. Popov – Bochookh. The analysis involved 13 image-forming verbs from early texts and 27 verbs from later olonkho texts. As the study shows, the fixed image-forming verbs are involved in describing the appearance of the bogatyr, his actions and movements. In addition, in later texts there is the use of image-forming verbs in describing the movement of the body parts of the bogatyr. Comparative analysis confirms the preservation of continuity in later texts. This is evidenced, for example, by the functioning of similar image-forming verbs in the description of the physical abilities of the bogatyr. Image-forming verbs, as special speech means, help to better reveal and understand the content of the concept “BOGATYR”. The olonkho-tellers of the later olonkho have an enriched vocabulary; therefore, for completeness and brightness of the image of the bogatyr, they more often resort to the use of image-forming verbs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
M. V. Mosin ◽  
◽  
N. M. Mosina ◽  

Introduction: the article presents a comparative analysis of phonetic structure of a word’s stem on the material of the Mordovian (Moksha and Erzya) and Baltic-Finnish (Finnish and Estonian) languages. Particular interest of the study is the study of changes that occurred in the structure of consonant combinations and affected the state of the structure of the Finno- Ugric word’s stem. Objective: on the basis of a comparative method to study the phonetic changes that occurred in the combinations of consonants in the nominal and verbal stems of Finno-Ugric origin in the middle of the word, and to determine the preserved degrees of identity of the ancient Finno-Ugric word-formation stem. Research materials: the nominal and verbal word stems of modern Mordovian (Moksha and Erzya) languages, considered from the point of view of the comparative and historical method, as well as their etymological correspondences in the Baltic-Finnish (Finnish and Estonian) languages, revealed by the method of continuous sampling from etymological dictionaries. Results and novelty of the research: the article presents a detailed description of the development of consonant combinations in the Finno-Ugric word stem; the differences that arose in the common stems in the modern Mordovian, Finnish and Estonian languages as a result of separate development are revealed; the reasons transforming the structure of the Proto-Finno-Ugric word stem are identified. The relevance of the study is determined by the lack of knowledge of the structure of the Finno-Ugric word stem on the material of the Mordovian languages, as well as the need to identify additional data required for further in-depth study of the phonemic and morphemic levels of the Mordovian (Moksha and Erzya) languages. It will help to more fully describe certain aspects of both Finno-Ugric and Mordovian linguistics. The novelty of the study lies in the absence of comparative works devoted to the study of the phonemic structure of the Finno-Ugric word stem with the use of materials of closely related (Moksha and Erzya) and distantly related (Finnish and Estonian) languages at the same time.


2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-152
Author(s):  
O.S. Nikolskaya ◽  
E.R. Baenskaya ◽  
I.E. Guseva

The paper presents a comparative analysis of two close directions in psychological intervention for children with autism — the DIR/Floortime model and the Emotional-Semantic approach both aimed to return a child to a healthy mental and social developmental pathway. We follow through the similarities and divergences in the theoretical views of two approaches and in their realization in practice. It is shown that despite the common main direction of intervention, such as helping the child in his/her affective development that occurs in the course of changing emotional relationships with his/her caregivers, there are significant differences in the tasks, methods and intervention techniques. Similarities and differences in establishing and developing emotional contact with the child are analyzed, as well as the ways of engaging him/her in communication and interaction, overcoming rigidity and developing spontaneous and flexible behavior, building affective experience, stimulating and developing verbal communication.


Metahumaniora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Ferli Hasanah

ABSTRAKGramatika pada setiap bahasa memiliki kekhasannya masing-masing.Mahasiswa Program Studi Sastra Perancis tahun pertama sebagai pembelajar pemulasering mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami gramatika bahasa. Kesulitan mereka tidakterlepas dari perbedaan-perbedaan mendasar pada struktur bahasa Indonesia sebagaibahasa ibu mereka dan bahasa Perancis yang tengah dipelajari. Penelitian ini dilaksanakandengan tujuan untuk mengetahui hambatan yang dimiliki mahasiswa pembelajar pemuladi Program Studi Sastra Perancis Universitas Padjadjaran dalam memahami gramatikabahasa Perancis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode simak dancatat. Hasil analisis ini menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan-kesalahan yang umum dilakukanpembelajar pemula ada pada penggunaan accent, konjugasi verba, partikel défini maupunindéfini, accord penanda feminin atau jamak, serta pemilihan preposisi.Kata kunci: gramatika, bahasa Perancis, konjugasiABST RACTThe grammar in every language has its own particularities. French literaturestudents in the first year as a beginner learners often have problem in understandingFrench grammar which is frequently considered difficult. Their struggle is inseparablefrom the fundamental differences between Indonesian structure as their mother tongueand the French language which being studied. This research aims to know the obstaclesof the students of beginner learners in the French Literature of Padjadjaran university inunderstanding the basic French grammar. The method used in this research is referringand taking notes method. The results of the analysis shows that the common mistakes oflearners are in the use of accents, verb conjugations, particles défini or indéfini, markeraccord feminine or plural, and the selection of prepositions.Keywords: grammar, French, conjugation


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