THE RETENTION OF ARABIC LANGUAGE AS A NATIONAL IDENTITY IN TWO OF GADAH AS-SAMMAN’S NOVELS: POSTCOLONIAL PERSPECTIVE

Purpose: This article aims to analyze the retention of the Arabic language as a national identity by Lebanon nationalists who live as exiles outside European countries in two of her novels, Lailatul-Milyār and Sahrah Tanakkuriyyah Lil-Mautā. As a product of fiction from a colonized country, both stories represent postcolonial discourses, showing the effect of colonialism, while also voicing resistance to colonialism. Methodology: The research materials or material objects in this article are two of as-Sammān’s novels. Data sources were grouped in primary data, which is the two of Sammān’s novels, and secondary data, which is various references that support analysis, including books, journals, blogs, and other relevant sources in academic studies. Deconstruction is a textual strategy, which is utilized for analyzing the data in this study. No software tool is used. Main Findings: The Lebanese nationalists in Europe tried to maintain the use of the Arabic language as the first and foremost national identity for several reasons, including defending (1) the Arabness, (2) the membership in the national community, and (3) the nation and nationality. Implications/ Applications: This study highlights that resistance to colonialism can be done in various ways, both through violence and non-violence. In modern times, non-violent methods are frequently used. Among the non-violent ways is to fight for the retention of the Arabic language as a national identity so that to maintain it means to maintain Arabism, the membership of the nation’s community, and defend the nation and nationality of the Arabs. Novelty/Originality of this study: These findings highlight the struggle of the Lebanese nationalists in Europe; the younger generation who are trying to inherit Arabic must also struggle to learn it, both formal and informal, even against the mainstream. The results of persistence and perseverance in learning Arabic cannot be seen immediately, but a long time after that. The ability to speak Arabic, then, can foster a spirit of nationalism in the young Arab generation.

Download Full-text

تطبيق تعليم درس الحوار في المدرسة العالية الإسلامية الحكومية بياكمبوه سومطرى الغربية

Al-Uslub: Journal of Arabic Linguistic and Literature ◽

10.30631/al-uslub.v4i01.49 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (01) ◽

pp. 55-77

Author(s):

Nurhasnah Nurhasnah ◽

Yogia Prihartini

Keyword(s):

Learning Strategies ◽

Learning Process ◽

Learning Strategy ◽

Language Skills ◽

Field Research ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Arabic Language ◽

Primary Data ◽

Content Standards ◽

Reading Material

The Arabic learning process is directed to encourage, guide, develop, and foster students' Arabic language skills, Arabic language skills will also support students in understanding the sources of Islamic teachings, such as the Al-Qur'an and Hadith, and other books that use Arabic . In the Arabic learning process, it is expected that students will have good abilities in learning Arabic. To achieve the expected objectives, the Hiwar learning strategy is to use the Hiwar (conversation) method. The lesson material consists of fluency in speaking by using Arabic.This research is a field research in the form of descriptive qualitative research. Data collection was carried out by interview, observation and documentation. The data analysis used is descriptive in the form of secondary data and primary data. In analyzing the data, it begins with examining the data, after the data is collected then its contents are clarified and analyzed, then interpreted and concluded. The Arabic learning process at MAN 1 Payakumbuh has been implemented in accordance with the existing curriculum, based on Content Standards (SI) and Graduates Competency Standards (SKL), which explains that learning Arabic at Islamic Senior High School is a process of activities directed at encouraging, guiding, develop and develop fushha Arabic language skills, by prioritizing the ability to read and understand reading material. The ability to speak and compose sentences is aimed at strengthening reading skills, which is the main goal of learning, namely the ability to communicate as well as a provision for understanding Islamic teachings from the original sources, namely Al-Quran and Al-hadith. The conclusion of this study is that it turns out that students are still not able to carry out good faith in Arabic and cannot use it in daily conversations, because the learning strategies used are still not optimal due to the lack of media and supporting infrastructure that support the learning process of Hiwar. So that it hasn't got maximum results.

Download Full-text

UPACARA NGABEN NINGKEB DI BANJAR KEBON DESA PAKRAMAN BLAHBATUH KECAMATAN BLAHBATUH KABUPATEN GIANYAR (Kajian Filosofis)

Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu ◽

10.25078/jpah.v1i2.284 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 472

Author(s):

Ni Luh Putu Yulia Sukma Yanti

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

Return Function ◽

Primary Data Source ◽

Long Time ◽

Data Source ◽

Structural Functionalism ◽

Religious Theory ◽

Structural Functionalism Theory

Ngaben Ningkeb interpreted Ngaben ceremony that ended in a reversed way or called Ningkeb.Fenomena background researcher to examine the problems about the implementation of Ngaben Ningkeb Ceremony with the formulation of the problem include: 1). How is the Ngompen Ningkeb Ceremony Procession in Banjar Kebon, Pakraman Blahbatuh Village, Blahbatuh District, Gianyar Regency? 2). What is the function of Ngaben Ningkeb Ceremony in Banjar Kebon, Pakraman Blahbatuh Village, Blahbatuh District, Gianyar Regency? 3). What is the philosophical meaning contained in Ngompen Ningkeb Ceremony at Banjar Kebon, Pakraman Blahbatuh Village, Blahbatuh District, Gianyar Regency? With the aim of research can implement the science of religion obtained in the life of the community and know in general about the Procession, Functions and Meaning philosophical related Ngaben Ningkeb Ceremony.This research is discussed using several theories, among others, Religious Theory, is used because this research includes the research of Religion, Structural Functionalism Theory, used to dissect the problems related to Ngaben Ningkeb Ceremony, and Symbol Theory, is used to study the meaning of Philosophy. This type of research is qualitative research with primary data source from the field that is by observation and interview while secondary data obtained through documentation technique.The results of the study as follows: 1). A. The initial procession Ngaben ningkeb ceremony, among others: Nyamuh, Matur Piuning, Mapajati, Ngulapin and Nyiramin. B. Ningkeb peak procession among others: Nedunin Sawa, Towards Setra, Sprinkle various types Tirta, Ngeseng Sawa, and last Ningkeb. C. The process after the implementation of Ngaben Ningkeb, among others: Mapegat and Mecaru. 2). Function Ceremony Ngaben Ningkeb include: A. Sustainability Function, where Ngingken ningkeb ceremony can be practically can be a ceremony that deserves to be preserved because in every process is something sacred and different with Ngaben in general. B. The return function of Sanghyang Panca Mahabhuta, which outlines the elements of Panca Mahabhuta in this great realm and usher Atma (Spirit) into Pitra nature by deciding Atma's love with his world. C. Purgatory function, in this case, purification is intended as a main foundation that should be put forward in the process Ngaben ningkeb ceremony. 3). And the meaning contained in Ngingken ningkeb ceremony is a philosophical meaning, where the conception of sarira is used as the meaning of philosophy Ngaben ningkeb is the conception of Sarira according to Wrhaspati Tattwa. And the meaning of Return Panca Mahabhuta, where basically all will return by itself although not done ceremony Ngaben, but it takes a very long time, hence from cultivated to return by cremation (Ngaben).

Download Full-text

MEDIASI SEBAGAI UPAYA PENYELESAIAN PERKARA YANG BERSIFAT KOOPERATIF

GANEC SWARA ◽

10.35327/gara.v15i1.189 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 897

Author(s):

I WAYAN SUWANDA

Keyword(s):

Research Method ◽

Low Cost ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Judicial System ◽

Primary Data ◽

Legal Research ◽

Complex Needs ◽

Study Approach ◽

Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽

Long Time

It is estimated that the judicial system will not be able to meet the increasingly complex needs of society. This estimate is based on facts in the field. Dispute resolution through courts is considered too convoluted, takes a long time, and is inefficient for businesses that emphasize efficiency and effectiveness. Besides, the court's decision does not satisfy the parties. The principle of simple, fast, low-cost justice is still only a slogan. Answering this problem, a study is conducted using the empirical normative legal research method with a study approach based on statutory regulations, conceptual approaches, and case approaches. Types and sources of data used in this study are primary data and secondary data with data collection techniques through document study and interviews, where the data obtained will be analyzed qualitatively deductively. Based on the results of research and discussion, it was found that mediation as a solution to the settlement of cases, both in court and outside the court, is cooperative

Download Full-text

Traditional Acehnese House: Constructing Architecture by Responding to the Power of Nature in Relation to the Local Wisdom Values

Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.13170/aijst.9.3.17323 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 132-139

Author(s):

Izziah Izziah ◽

Laina Hilma Sari ◽

Erna Meutia ◽

Mirza Irwansyah

Keyword(s):

Secondary Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

Modern Life ◽

Modern Times ◽

Hot Climate ◽

Construction Techniques ◽

Responsive Architecture ◽

Data Collections ◽

Banda Aceh ◽

Written Sources

The existence of traditional houses in Banda Aceh has been extinguished in modern times. With globalization's impact, the traditional house connotates as ‘old house style,’ and thus, the house style is not up to date. A large number of house owners demolish them and reconstruct them with new modern houses. Despite that, it is approved that the traditional houses of Aceh were survived the earthquake that frequently hit the region. As Banda Aceh is one of the regions resided on Sumatran's segment, the region has a large number of earthquakes. This paper, which is part of the previous study on the thermal comfort of traditional and modern houses in Aceh, explores a historical architectural example that reveals local experiences that involve local wisdom and expertise. This paper focuses on a traditional house located in a modern housing neighborhood in Banda Aceh city. In doing this, the paper identifies how Acehnese ancestors, through their local knowledge, have constructed a traditional Acehnese house. The article also shows how its architectural form's construction techniques respond to the region's geographical condition. In constructing this study, interview and observation toward the building as primary data collections are conducted. Also, several written sources, as secondary data, related to an Acehnese traditional house, are reviewed. This paper shows that constructing a conventional house is a responsive architecture toward hot climate and earthquake. Therefore, this architectural building type with the local wisdom value's involvement is worthy of being applied and adapted in modern life.

Download Full-text

Studi Efisiensi Lebar Alas Dinding Penahan Tanah Tipe Kantilever pada Jalan Brigjend Abdul Manan Wijaya Kecamatan Pujon Kabupaten Malang

Reka Buana Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia ◽

10.33366/rekabuana.v5i1.1739 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 90

Author(s):

Vendelinus Agar ◽

Suhudi Suhudi ◽

Andy Kristafi Arifianto

Keyword(s):

Survey Methods ◽

Retaining Wall ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

Stability Factor ◽

Rolling Shear ◽

Preparation Stage ◽

Long Time ◽

The Stability

Soil is an important aspect in construction planning. Where on the land is the establishment of a building. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to the stability factor of the land. One method used to control the stability of the soil so that it does not experience landslides is by building a retaining wall. The construction of a retaining wall aims to maintain infrastructure and infrastructure plans to remain safe against rolling, shearing and carrying capacity of the land along the wall lines of the land for a long time (structurally strong) is a demand that must be carried out to protect the infrastructure from its failure. This research was carried out in several stages, starting from the preparation stage, collecting primary data, namely survey methods, measurements, documentation, laboratory experiments (soil types) and secondary data namely work drawings, location maps, list of unit prices needed in the analysis. Data analysis and steps in this study are: determining location, collecting data, through primary data and secondary data in supporting literature such as collecting and processing data, determining the type of soil, determining the type of retaining wall, determining the dimensions of the retaining wall, calculate the stability of rolling, shear and bearing capacity of the soil, calculate the budget plan against the dimensions of a stable retaining wall, draw details of the planned retaining wall planned. From the results of analysis of calculations and discussion of the Width of the Cantilever Type Ground Retaining Wall on street Brigjend Abdul Manan Wijaya, Pujon Subdistrict, Malang Regency can be concluded as follows: height (h) = 7.00 m, width of width (b) = 2 , 5 m, the width of the retaining wall = 0.4 m, foundation depth = 1 m, total height = 8.00 m and the total cost design for the construction of cantilever type retaining wall = Rp. 226,000,000.00. ABSTRAKTanah merupakan aspek yang sangat penting dalam perencanaan konstruksi, dimana pada tanah tersebut berdirinya suatu bangunan. Oleh sebab itu, harus diperhatikan faktor daya dukung tanah tersebut. Salah satu metode yang digunakan agar stabilitas tanah tidak terganggu adalah dengan membangun perkuatan dinding penahan tanah. Perencanaan dinding penahan tanah, mempunyai tujuan guna menjaga bangunan tersebut aman terhadap guling, geser dan daya dukung tanah sepanjang garis dinding penahahan tanah tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam beberapa tahapan, mulai dari tahap persiapan, pengumpulan data primer (survei, pengukuran, dokumentasi, analisis tanah di laboratorium) dan data sekunder (gambar kerja, peta lokasi, daftar harga satuan) yang di perlukan dalam analisis. Analisa data serta langkah – langkah dalam penelitian ini adalah : menentukan lokasi, pengumpulan data. Data primer dan data sekunder diperlukan guna mendukung penelitian ini seperti mengumpulkan dan mengolah data, menentukan jenis tanah, menentukan jenis dinding penahan tanah, menentukan dimensi dinding penahan tanah, menghitung stabilitas tanah, menghitung rencana anggaran biaya terhadap dimensi dinding penahan tanah yang stabil, gambar detail dinding penahan tanah yang direncanakan. Dari hasil analisa dan pembahasan mengenai lebar alas dinding penahan tanah tipe kantilever di Jalan Brigjend Abdul Manan Wijaya, Kecamatan Pujon, Kabupaten Malang dapat disimpulkan bahwa: tinggi (h) = 7,00 m, lebar pandasi (b) = 2,5 m, lebar atas dinding penahan = 0,4 m, kedalaman pondasi = 1 m, tinggi total = 8,00 m dan total dana yang dibutuhkan untuk perencanaan dinding penahan tanah tipe kantilever = Rp. 226.000.000,00. Kata Kunci : studi efisiensi; dinding penahan; tipe kantilever

Download Full-text

PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP HIDROPONIK DI KELURAHAN TELING BAWAH, KOTA MANADO

AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI ◽

10.35791/agrsosek.13.2.2017.16343 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Mercy Y. Sengkey ◽

Welson M. Wangke ◽

Elsje P. Manginsela

Keyword(s):

Public Perception ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

Conventional Agriculture ◽

The Public ◽

Long Time ◽

Strongly Agree ◽

Used Goods

This study aimed to analyze and determine the public perception of hydroponic in the distict Teling Bawah Manado City. This aims was conducted over five months from November 2016 to the month of Maret 2017 from preparation to the arrangement of research reports. The location of research is in districts Teling Bawah Manado City. This research uses primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from 30 respondents using questionnaires, while secondary data obtained from the office district Teling Bawah Manado City. The sampling method in this study was used purposive sampling method. Result of this research show that the public percepstion of Hydroponic are very good with the index of perceptions 84,16% and are classified to category of strongly agree. The society are strongly agree with the existance of agriculture technique using Hydroponic. People think that Hydroponic is very useful for the society, because with Hydroponic, people could consume healthy fruits and vegetables without using chemis chemical products; no need to try very hard to find a land to cultivate; could take advantages of used goods at home; no need a long time to use hydroponic; and use soil as conventional agriculture, so that the actors of Hydroponic do not have to be in contact with worms.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Customer Satisfaction on Customers Loyalty at the Green Mart Supermarket in Namrole City

10.31219/osf.io/x7guk ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M Chairul Basrun Umanailo

Keyword(s):

Customer Satisfaction ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Primary Data ◽

Literature Study ◽

Long Time ◽

Quality Of Products ◽

The City ◽

Positive Effect

This study aims to determine the effect of customer satisfaction on buyer loyalty at Green Mart in Namrolesupermarkets. This research is quantitative. This research took place in the city of Namrole with the object of research at the Green Mart Supermarket. Sources of data in this study are primary data and secondary data. The data collection techniques in this research were survey and literature study. Sampling was done by non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling technique. The data analysis in this study used regression analysis. This analysis is used to examine the effect of customer satisfaction on loyalty. The results showed that customer satisfaction has a positive effect on loyalty. This implies that, if customer satisfaction increases, loyalty also tends to increase, if a customer is satisfied with the value provided by the products sold and the services received from Supermarkets, Green Mart is very likely to become loyal customers to Supermarkets. Green Mart for a long time. However, if customer satisfaction decreases, loyalty tends to decrease. Increased customer satisfaction is influenced by several factors, including the product and quality of products sold by various stores and according to the market tastes of shop consumers, friendliness, speed of service, and ease of transactions.

Download Full-text

IMPACT OF MACHINE TRANSLATION ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ TRANSLATION ABILITY: SOUTH EASTERN UNIVERSITY OF SRI LANKA AS A MODEL

Indonesian Journal of Social Research (IJSR) ◽

10.30997/ijsr.v3i2.138 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 121-127

Author(s):

M.S. Zunoomy ◽

F.H.A. Shibly

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Machine Translation ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Arabic Language ◽

Primary Data ◽

South Eastern ◽

Text Understanding ◽

Unknown Words ◽

The Impact

Machine Translation (MT) is a unique tool in the field of translation. It is used all over the world. In accordance with, the undergraduates who are following Specialization in Linguistics and Translation at the department of Arabic language from South Eastern University of Sri Lanka face obstacles when they translate between Tamil, English & Arabic. Due to, they focus on MT to translate. According to this, the current research aims to identify the impact of MT on their translation activities. This research uses the descriptive analysis methodology. Primary data were collected from observation and questionnaire that was given to the undergraduates who are following Specialization in Linguistics and Translation at the department of Arabic language from South Eastern University of Sri Lanka in the academic year 2018/2019. Secondary data were gathered from research papers, books, research articles, and websites. The findings of this research declares that the undergraduates in the selected area have desires in the translation field and face the obstacles when translating. Thus, they try to use MT for getting accurate translation, idea of the source text, understanding the unknown words. Due to it, they couldn’t omit the MT in their translation activities. Because, it is easy to use and helps to save the time. At the time, they assume that non-use of MT will effect negatively in their translation ability.

Download Full-text

PENILAIAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP KOMPONEN 7P PRODUK “CHATIME” MANADO TOWN SQUARE

AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI ◽

10.35791/agrsosek.16.3.2020.31129 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 397

Author(s):

Melisa Verlina Seran ◽

Leonardus Ricky Rengkung ◽

Tommy Fredy Lolowang

Keyword(s):

Secondary Data ◽

Consumer Products ◽

Research Topic ◽

Primary Data ◽

Physical Evidence ◽

Long Time ◽

Consumer Assessment

This study aims to determine the consumer assessment of the 7P component of the Chatime Manado Town Square product. This research was conducted from January to March 2020. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through direct interviews with 30 respondents using a questionnaire. Secondary data were obtained from books and journals related to this research topic. The results showed that the 7P component elements of the consumer products assessed, it's just that the products were always available, consumers considered disagreeing because according to consumers, Chatime Manado Town Square still often ran out of stock of certain drinks. At price and place, consumers agree. Promotion and consumer people judge neutral. In the process section, consumers agree that they agree, it's just that in the process section to get a fast product, consumers think they don't agree because according to consumers, the process to get the product has to wait in a queue and still takes quite a long time to get the product. Then on physical evidence, consumers assess agree, but in the complete room facilities section, consumers consider that they strongly disagree because according to consumers there is no wifi and consumers feel that tables and seats are still lacking.

Download Full-text

Analisis Kesalahan Teks Buku Pendidikan Bahasa Arab di Madrasah

An-Nabighoh Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab ◽

10.32332/an-nabighoh.v22i02.2009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (02) ◽

pp. 151

Author(s):

Rizka A'yuna Fuadiyah ◽

Mirwan Akhmad Taufiq

Keyword(s):

Word Order ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Arabic Language ◽

Primary Data ◽

Related Literature ◽

Primary Data Source ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Grammar Rules ◽

Data Source ◽

Secondary Data Sources

This article describes Arabic language books' standard at the madrasah ibtidaiyah level (Islamic Elementary School). Error analysis on textbook is one of the methods to determine the standard of the book. This study aimed to uncover syntactic errors and make corrections to the Arabic language books used as teaching materials at the madrasah ibtidaiyah level. This research was conducted using qualitative methods; applied language approaches in the field of nahwu (syntax). The analysis technique used a collaboration of content analysis by Rusydi and al-Rajihi. The primary data source was done using documentation from the book “Fokus: Modul Bahan Ajar K13 Bahasa Arab Untuk Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Kelas 5A” and interviews with teachers. Secondary data sources were carried out using documentation from related literature studies. There were seven forms of syntax errors, including word order, idhofah arrangement, incorrect use of vocabulary, misuse of al-ta'rif, i'rab, dhamir, error in using a verb. These errors have been corrected by relying on Arabic grammar rules so that this textbook is recommended for revision.

Download Full-text