scholarly journals A Model for Companies to Overcome US–China Conflict on International Trade

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Miguel Sousa ◽  
Maria J. Sousa ◽  
Rui Cruz ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
China Trade ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
The Us ◽  
Physical Forces ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chinese Company

This article aims to study international trade specificity and the main activities of Chinese companies in US markets. It addresses the strategic tools of companies and their application in a global and very competitive market, framed by public policies and governments' strategies. It explores the principles of the internal and external environment of the countries. The main research question is: what are the dimensions of a model to potentiate the US–China Companies? The principal methodology used in this research was a literature review, and the analysis was based on the papers that research the theme US and China trade relations. The findings reflect that international trade is conditioned by the government politics, and there are several other obstacles that a US or Chinese company need to overcome: (a) economic forces; (b) technological forces; (c) political–legal forces; (d) sociocultural forces; and (e) physical forces.

THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION’S APPROACH TO ENERGY SECURITY IN POLAND AND THE BALTIC STATES

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1/2020) ◽  
pp. 33-67
Author(s):  
Olga Stevanovic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Realist Theory ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Baltic

The subject of this paper encompasses US policy towards Poland and the Baltic States regarding energy security during Donald Trump’s presidency. It is discernible that vast domestic energy resources have created an opportunity for the US to project more power to these countries, and the surrounding region. We argue that Trump and his administration’s perceptions have served as an intervening variable in that opportunity assessment, in accordance with the neoclassical realist theory. The main research question addressed in this paper is whether US has used that opportunity to contribute to energy security in countries it has traditionally deemed as allies. Two aspects of US approach to energy security of the designated countries are taken into consideration: liquified natural gas exports and support for the Three Seas Initiative. The way Trump presented his policy and its results in his public statements has also been considered in this paper. The article will proceed as follows. The first subsection of the paper represents a summary of energy security challenges in Poland and the Baltic States. The second subsection is dedicated to the opportunity for the US to project energy power and to Trump’s perceptions relevant for the opportunity assessment. The third subsection deals with American LNG exports to these countries as a possible way for contributing to energy security in Poland and the Baltic States. The last part of the paper addresses the Three Seas Initiative and US approach to this platform.

Problem of Yuan Undervaluation in US-China Trade Relations

2012 ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
A. Polivach
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
National Currency ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Scientific Validity ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
China Trade ◽  
The Us ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Us Dollar ◽  
World Economic Crisis

Before the world economic crisis the Chinese government restricted the sphere of the Yuan’s circulation exceptionally by the domestic market. Basically, until that time the Yuan was not freely convertible while the Chinese foreign trade transactions were operated with the help of the US dollar. This is a sufficient reason to state that the issue of Yuan’s underestimated exchange rate has no fundamental relevance. However, the crisis forced China to substantially extend the utilization of its national currency in the international settlements. This is especially true in case of mutual settlements with the neighbor countries. So far, presumably, the issue of Yuan’s underestimated exchange rate will, at last, receive a scientific validity only when the Chinese national currency will become fully convertible and the scales of its utilization will become comparable with those of the traditional hard currencies.

scholarly journals Implications of ownership identity and insider’s supremacy on the economic performance of the listed companies

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-411
Author(s):  
Qaiser Rafique Yasser ◽  
Abdullah Al-Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

We adopt a multi-theoretic approach to investigate a previously unexplored phenomenon in extant literature, namely the differential impact of ownership identity and director dominate shareholding on the performance of emerging market firms. The main research question addressed is, whether the impact of this relationship is conditional on the identity of the block investor. First, the relationship between overall block ownership and firm performance is tested by employing multiple regressions on 500 firm-year observations for the period from 2007 to 2011. Then, the block ownership is classified as the state, individuals, insiders, financial institutions, corporate and foreign investors and the influence of these identities on firm performance is examined. It was found that only the ownership categories such as the government, institutions and foreign ownership have positive influence on the firm performance. The results also indicate that high level of insider ownership also negatively associated with the firm performance. The main contribution of this paper is the examination of the relationship between block ownership and firm performance from the perspective of the identity of investors

Perdagangan Internasional (Studi Komparasi Perdagangan Internasional Konvensional dan Islam)

AKADEMIKA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-172
Author(s):  
Achmad Lubabul Chadziq
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
International Trade ◽  
World Production ◽  
World Community ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: The people welfare of a country is not only dependent on individuals making trade transactions abroad, but on the macro level, the government alsohas a greater contribution to promote and prosper the people of its country, one of which is through international trade or popularly known as exports and imports. International trade is part of macroeconomics that specifically discusses the relationship between a country and another country in allocatingresources or production factors available in each country. The existence of international economic and trade relations is very useful in order to achieve theprosperity of the world community. Efforts to increase efficiency in the utilization of world production factors as a whole are the targets of international economic and trade activities.

scholarly journals Citizenship Educational Policy: A Case of Russophone Minority in Estonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Nikolai Kunitsõn ◽  
Leif Kalev
Keyword(s):  
Citizenship Education ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Democratic Citizenship ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Standard Education ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government

In the contemporary era, societies are divided, and political polarization is increasing. One of the most powerful instruments the government can use is general standard education, specifically citizenship education. We will look at the case of Estonia, because Estonia’s main political cleavage is the ethnic cleavage between the Estonian and the Russophone community. Our main research question is as follows: How would it be possible to use democratic citizenship education to decrease in the future the socio-economic inequality between different communities in Estonia? We will outline the context of ethnic socio-economic inequality in Estonia and show how these differences have been at least partially influenced by the current education system in Estonia and how citizenship education can be used to reduce these inequalities in the future. We will conduct an empirical analysis of the curriculum, and this will be followed by semi-structured qualitative interviews. In the discussion, we will make suggestions to the current Estonian citizenship education policy and offer various insights into tackling this issue.

scholarly journals The Influence of D. Trump’s Policy on International Trade

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Chudinova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Free Competition ◽  
The Us ◽  
Trade War

The increasing level of tension in the trade relations between the United States and other countries, especially China; the potential escalation of trade wars, when countries take more and more explicit retaliatory protectionist measures, becomes a sustainability risk to development of international trade. The US actions taken in 2018–2019 to protect the internal market turned into into a full-fledged trade war, directed primarily against China - the country the United States has the largest trade deficit with. The introduction of the US tariff restrictions on imports from China and several other countries has caused retaliatory measures, as a result the uncertainty of the prospects for international trade increases. Non-tariff measures, such as phytosanitary requirements and technical barriers to trade, have also seen an increase in restrictions.An important source of controversy is the different positions of countries regarding the permissible degree of state support for enterprises. Developed countries, especially the United States, Japan, and the countries of the European Union, have fairly rigidly regulated rules regarding free competition. A cause for great concern is not only the US trade war with China and its consequences for other countries, but also the problems of international trade regulation.

Philippine twin deficits will likely widen this year

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
China Trade ◽  
Downward Pressure ◽  
Midterm Elections ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Government ◽  
Agricultural Imports

Significance Spending on infrastructure and populist social policies signed into law ahead of the May midterm elections are putting pressure on the Philippine budget. Impacts More expensive social policies are likely before the 2022 presidential election. Further taxes will likely prompt popular protests targeting the government. The US-China trade conflict and changing Chinese consumption patterns could further dampen exports. A rice tariff law signed into law last month will likely boost agricultural imports. The widening trade deficit will put downward pressure on the peso and upward pressure on interest rates.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Broiler Supply Chain Model with Vertical and Horizontal Linkages: Impact of US–China Trade War and USMCA

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-384
Author(s):  
Hakan Unveren ◽  
Jeff Luckstead
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
China Trade ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
The Us ◽  
Trade War

AbstractThis paper builds a comprehensive supply chain model of the US broiler industry that accounts for corn and soybean meal, feed mills, breeders, hatcheries, grow-out farms, broiler processing, value-added processing, and international trade. The model is calibrated and simulated to analyze the effects of (1) corn and soybeans tariffs imposed by China and (2) change in the Canadian tariff-rate quota proposed under US–Mexico–Canada–Agreement. The first scenario indicates that feed price falls while supply increases, which decreases the production costs of breeders and grow-out farms. The second scenario shows that exports to Canada rise at the expense of exports to Mexico.

scholarly journals Tendencje centralizacyjne w Polsce po 1990 roku – ciągłość i zmiana

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Jacek Wojnicki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Strong State ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Reforms

The article discusses the issue of centralization tendencies in Poland. It constitutes an attempt to present this process in the context of the functioning of public administration in our country. The main research question is whether centralization was constantly present during the 30 years of creating a new model of public administration in Poland, or whether it was strengthened after 2015. The financial independence of local government units is also a crucial aspect of the analysis. The article correspondingly focuses on the resistance of the government administration during the implementation of local government reforms. Importantly, what is factored in as well is the change in the perception of the position and the role of local governments in the political system after the 2015 parliamentary elections by the new government camp. Analysis of the past provided the precedent premises for strong centralization tendencies, in particular, the traditions of the strong state administration of the Second Polish Republic after the May coup in 1926 and during the People's Republic of Poland.

SWOT Analysis in US-China Trade War

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Pidvysotskyi Yan
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
China Trade ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade War ◽  
Economic Capacity

The purpose of the article is to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the US and China, and to identify the factors that will helpwin or lose a particular party to the conflict in the future. The methodologyof thestudy is to use a set of methods: dialectical, statistical, historical, comparative.The scientific novelty of the work is to determine, on the basis of SWOT, thewinning factors in the fight for the world markets. Conclusions. Both the US andChina have strengths in international trade that allow them to develop withoutharming each other. At the same time, there are weak links that opponents try touse in trade events, such as dependence on certain products or internal trade barriers. Weakening economic capacity is considered a threat, and each country triesto protect itself through customs or tariff restrictions. Prolonged confrontationbetween countries can lead to another recession or crisis, therefore countries mustseek compromise.

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