scholarly journals A EDUCAÇÃO:um obstáculo histórico para o desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Thaís Janaina Wenczenovicz ◽  
Eliziário Toledo ◽  
Maria Emília Bottini
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
The Family ◽  
Monetary Relations ◽  
Fundamental Law ◽  
The Right

O estudo analisa o direito à educação com enfoque na agricultura familiar enquanto Direito Fundamental Social. Discute a garantia desse direito nos documentos que balizam a ação política para a agricultura familiar no país nas últimas décadas. Utilizou as informações do banco de dados do INEP/MEC, especialmente, do censo escolar (2016), complementados com 219 entrevistas de municípios dos estados do Pará (PA), Paraná (PR), Santa Catarina (SC), Bahia (BA), e em Pernambuco (PE), ao buscar evidências sobre as relações monetárias do padrão de acumulação econômica nas regiões rurais, com destaque sobre as medidas relacionadas ao direito à educação.Palavras-chave: agricultura familiar; educação; territorialidade.EDUCATION: a historical obstacle for the development of family farmingAbstractThe article analyzes the aspects related to the right to education with a focus on the family farming sector as a Social Fundamental Law, and the guarantee of this right described and expressed in public documents and translated into public policy actions concretized by the State in recent periods. The used information contained of INEP database, especially those related to the school census of 2016, and complemented by 219 interviews conducted in the municipalities of Francisco Beltrão, Itapejara D'Oeste and Verê in the state of Paraná (PR), in the municipality of Concórdia in Santa Catarina (SC), in the municipalities of Augusto Corrêa, Tomé-Açú and Viseu in Pará (PA), in the municipality of Petrolina in Pernambuco (PE) and in the municipalities of Uauá and Cruz das Almas in Bahia BA), totaling ten municipalities, in order to seek evidence on the monetary relations of the pattern of economic accumulation in rural regions, with emphasis on measures related to the right to education.Keywords: family farming; education; territoriality.LA EDUCACIÓN: un obstáculo histórico para el desarrollo de la agricultura familiarResumenEl artículo analiza los aspectos relacionados al derecho a la educación con enfoque en el segmento de la agricultura familiar como Derecho Fundamental Social, y la garantía de ese derecho descritos en los documentos públicos y traducidos en acciones de políticas públicas concretizadas por el Estado en períodos recientes. Se utilizaron las informaciones contenidas en la base de datos del INEP, especialmente aquellas relacionadas al censo escolar de 2016, y complementados con 219 entrevistas realizadas en los municipios de Francisco Beltrão, Itapejara D'Oeste y Verê en el estado de Paraná (PR), en el municipio de Concordia en Santa Catarina (SC), en los municipios de Augusto Corrêa, Tomé-Açú y Viseu en Pará (PA), en el municipio de Petrolina en Pernambuco (PE), y en los municipios de Uauá y Cruz das Almas en Bahía (BA) totalizando diez municipios, a fin de buscar evidencias sobre las relaciones monetarias del patrón de acumulación económica en las regiones rurales, con destaque sobre las medidas relacionadas al derecho a la educación.Palabras clave: agricultura familiar; educación; territorialidad.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF FARMS AND THEIR SERVICING COOPERATIVES IN UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (5) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Bogdan KUZNYAK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Family ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Right ◽  
Organization Of Production

It is determined that the most common form of organization of production is the family farming. First, it is based on the unity of ownership and labor, which generates an interest in the efficiency of management. Secondly, this is an area where people deal with nature, living organisms that require special care, attention and rapid response to changing weather conditions. The owner and his family cope with all these unstable situations most successfully. It is revealed that modern farmers are managers who have professional equipment and agronomic, zoo-technical, and economic education, since without appropriate knowledge it is impossible to win in a tough competition. The state supports farmers financially, legally, provides and guarantees the right of ownership. It is substantiated that an important role in the development of farming is played by service cooperatives that are created by farmers in order to jointly sell products in the domestic and foreign markets in large lots at bargain prices, as well as to purchase means of production and create processing enterprises. This allows farmers to focus on production, to study and implement the achievements of science and technology, which increases the efficiency of production. The author shows that, in Ukraine, farms began to emerge after gaining independence and the country’s transition to market economy. However, this process is contradictory. The development of farming is hampered by the lack of price parity for agricultural and industrial products, state material and legal support, the lack of appropriate personnel as well as by corruption and raiding. It is proved that the creation of service cooperatives is important for the development of farming. It is analyzed that their development is hampered by the lack of: the state support, knowledge about cooperation and the benefits it provides to peasants, an understanding of the essence of cooperation by the highest bodies of agricultural structures. The author reveals that (i) the world experience of the development of farming and service cooperatives should be taken into account and (ii) it should be stated in the Constitution of Ukraine that the basis of the agrarian structure are farms, which in the long run should become the main producer of agricultural products, and service cooperatives as their constituent part.

scholarly journals POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS COMO EFETIVAÇÃO DA TUTELA CONSTITUCIONAL DO DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-101
Author(s):  
Clovis Demarchi ◽  
Jeane Cristina de Oliveira Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Legal System ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Constitutional Rule ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Social Law ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Specific Section

Este artigo aborda aspectos do Direito à Educação preceituado no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, especialmente, no tratamento consagrado na norma constitucional, disposto na CRFB/1988, sobretudo na importância atribuída ao tema caracterizando-o como um Direito Social, de grande relevância para a Sociedade e Estado. Procura-se demonstrar a superioridade das normas constitucionais em relação às demais normas do ordenamento jurídico e a abordagem do texto constitucional acerca da Educação. A Educação por ser o direito que contribui para o crescimento intelectual, social e cultural do indivíduo, foi alçada ao nível de norma constitucional. Sua importância é de tamanha relevância que foi caracterizada como direito social e apresenta uma seção específica dos artigos 205 ao 214. O direito a educação, encontra guarida nas ações do Estado, nos três níveis (união, estado e municípios) através de Políticas Públicas criadas com a intenção de fortalecer esse direito. Palavras-Chave: Norma Constitucional. Direito à Educação. Políticas Públicas. Abstract This article addresses aspects of the Right to Education prescribed in the Brazilian legal system, especially in the treatment enshrined in the constitutional rule, provided for in Constitution of 1988, above all in the importance attributed to the theme, characterizing it as a Social Law, of great relevance to Society and State. It seeks to demonstrate the superiority of the constitutional rules in relation to the other norms of the legal system and the approach of the constitutional text about Education. Education, being the right that contributes to the individual's intellectual, social and cultural growth, was raised to the level of constitutional norm. Its importance is of such relevance that it was characterized as a social right and presents a specific section of articles 205 to 214. The right to education, finds shelter in the actions of the State, at the three levels (union, state and municipalities) through Public Policies created with the intention of strengthening this right. Keywords: Constitutional Norm. Right to education. Public policy

THE VALUE OF LOVE IN THE SYSTEM OF FORMATION OF THE PROFESSIONAL MATURITY OF THE EDUCATOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(79)) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
G. Bubyreva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The existing legislation determines the education as "an integral and focused process of teaching and upbringing, which represents a socially important value and shall be implemented so as to meet the interests of the individual, the family, the society and the state". However, even in this part, the meaning of the notion ‘socially significant benefit is not specified and allows for a wide range of interpretation [2]. Yet the more inconcrete is the answer to the question – "who and how should determine the interests of the individual, the family and even the state?" The national doctrine of education in the Russian Federation, which determined the goals of teaching and upbringing, the ways to attain them by means of the state policy regulating the field of education, the target achievements of the development of the educational system for the period up to 2025, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 4, 2000 #751, was abrogated by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 29, 2014 #245 [7]. The new doctrine has not been developed so far. The RAE Academician A.B. Khutorsky believes that the absence of the national doctrine of education presents a threat to national security and a violation of the right of citizens to quality education. Accordingly, the teacher has to solve the problem of achieving the harmony of interests of the individual, the family, the society and the government on their own, which, however, judging by the officially published results, is the task that exceeds the abilities of the participants of the educational process.  The particular concern about the results of the patriotic upbringing served as a basis for the legislative initiative of the RF President V. V. Putin, who introduced the project of an amendment to the Law of RF "About Education of the Russian Federation" to the State Duma in 2020, regarding the quality of patriotic upbringing [3]. Patriotism, considered by the President of RF V. V. Putin as the only possible idea to unite the nation is "THE FEELING OF LOVE OF THE MOTHERLAND" and the readiness for every sacrifice and heroic deed for the sake of the interests of your Motherland. However, the practicing educators experience shortfalls in efficient methodologies of patriotic upbringing, which should let them bring up citizens, loving their Motherland more than themselves. The article is dedicated to solution to this problem based on the Value-sense paradigm of upbringing educational dynasty of the Kurbatovs [15].

The Right to Education in India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Matthey-Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Private Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Empowerment ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Potential System ◽  
Education In India ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Education Act ◽  
The Right

What does it mean for education to be a fundamental right, and how may children benefit from it? Surprisingly, even when the right to education was added to the Indian Constitution as Article 21A, this question received barely any attention. This book identifies justiciability (or, more broadly, enforceability) as the most important feature of Article 21A, meaning that children and their parents must be provided with means to effectively claim their right from the state. Otherwise, it would remain a ‘right’ only on paper. The book highlights how lack of access to the Indian judiciary means that the constitutional promise of justiciability is unfulfilled, particularly so because the poor, who cannot afford quality private education for their children, must be the main beneficiaries of the right. It then deals with possible alternative means the state may provide for the poor to claim the benefits under Article 21A, and identifies the grievance redress mechanism created by the Right to Education Act as a potential system of enforcement. Even though this system is found to be deficient, the book concludes with an optimistic outlook, hoping that rights advocates may, in the future, focus on improving such mechanisms for legal empowerment.

Unfulfilled Promise: Palestinian Family Reunification and the Right of Return

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
Nabila El-Ahmed ◽  
Nadia Abu-Zahra
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Family Reunification ◽  
The State ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Successor State ◽  
Palestinian Refugees ◽  
Right Of Return ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Right

This article argues that Israel substituted the Palestinian refugees' internationally recognized right of return with a family reunification program during its maneuvering over admission at the United Nations following the creation of the state in May 1948. Israel was granted UN membership in 1949 on the understanding that it would have to comply with legal international requirements to ensure the return of a substantial number of the 750,000 Palestinians dispossessed in the process of establishing the Zionist state, as well as citizenship there as a successor state. However, once the coveted UN membership had been obtained, and armistice agreements signed with neighboring countries, Israel parlayed this commitment into the much vaguer family reunification program, which it proceeded to apply with Kafkaesque absurdity over the next fifty years. As a result, Palestinians made refugees first in 1948, and later in 1967, continue to be deprived of their legally recognized right to return to their homes and their homeland, and the family reunification program remains the unfulfilled promise of the early years of Israeli statehood.

scholarly journals Identification of grain areas replaced by sugarcane and analysis of the relationship with family farming production in the state of Goiás

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1296-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Petrini ◽  
Jansle V. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Food Acquisition ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
The Family ◽  
Data Tables ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The Relationship

In Brazil, the State of Goiás is one of sugarcane expansion's frontiers to meet the growing demand for biofuels. The objective of this study was to identify the municipalities where there were replacement of annual crops (mainly grains) by sugarcane in the state of Goiás, as well as indicate correlations between the sugarcane expansion and the family farming production, in the period between 2005 and 2010. For this purpose, grains crop mask and sugarcane crop mask, obtained from satellite images, were intersected using geoprocessing techniques. It was also used IBGE data of sugarcane production and planted area, and data of family farming production linked with the National Food Acquisition Program (PAA), in relation to the number of cooperatives and family farmers. The crops masks and data tables of the National Food Acquisition Program were provided by National Food Supply Agency. There were 95 municipalities that had crops replacement, totaling 281,554 hectares of grains converted to sugarcane. We highlight the municipalities of Santa Isabel, Iaciara, Maurilândia, and Itapaci, where this change represented more than half of their agricultural areas. In relation to family farming, the sugarcane expansion in the state of Goiás has not affected their activities during the period studied.

scholarly journals CONSTITUTIONALISM AND JUDICIALIZATION OF POLITICS: THE “JUDICIAL” RIGHT TO HEALTHCARE IN BRAZIL

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 358-393
Author(s):  
Bruno Irion Coletto ◽  
Pedro Da Silva Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
The State ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
The Public ◽  
Critical Understanding ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Way

The right to healthcare in Brazil is seriously protected by the courts. Judicialization of everyday implementation of this public policy is a fact. One explanation may be provided by the way judges understand the effectiveness of this right. People hold subjective right to individualized healthcare benefits, and so they hold standing to sue the state in order to achieve it, regardless any consideration of public policies. Through an analysis of the jurisprudence on this issue, this paper aims to provide a critical understanding not just about what is actually happening in Brazilian courts regarding healthcare, but also to criticize it. The conclusion is that a “strong” conception of constitutionalism and fundamental rights may revel itself as “weak,” from the standpoint of general equality. Judicialization ends up empting the public debate, leading the task of solving the distribution of scarce resources to a “gowned aristocracy.” 

scholarly journals Violation of children's and adolescents’ rights – the profile of a southern state in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e44453
Author(s):  
Mariucha Ramella Marcon Nemer ◽  
Bruna de Souza Nogueira ◽  
Fernanda do Nascimento de Lemos Campos ◽  
Márcia Cristina da Silva ◽  
Morgana Ducatti Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Protective Services ◽  
The State ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Southern State ◽  
Education Professionals ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Right ◽  
Education Culture

The rights of children and adolescents are provided by law and it is the duty of the State, family and society to care for them. Health and education professionals are responsible for reporting suspected or confirmed cases of rights violation. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and qualification of violation of children’s and adolescents’ rights in the State of Paraná between 2009 and 2014. A descriptive and observational quantitative study was carried out based on the records of the Child Protective Services in Paraná, accessed through the Information System for Childhood and Adolescence (SIPIA). A total of 129.123 violations of rights were found. Among those cases, the right to familiar and communitarian companionship stands out with the greatest number of violations, followed by the right to education, culture, sports and leisure. Mothers were found to be the main aggressors, followed by fathers, and sexual violence/abuse was the most prevalent type of violence. In conclusion, there was a significant amount of violation of children’s and adolescents’ rights in the State of Paraná during the period covered by this research, and it has increased over the years. Besides, we found out that there is a predisposition of gender and age group for each variable analyzed.

scholarly journals Agama dan Pernikahan Pasangan Beda Agama di Sendangmulyo Semarang

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Irma Putri Fatimah ◽  
Amirudin Amirudin ◽  
Af'idatul Lathifah
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Life Choices ◽  
Interfaith Marriage ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Future ◽  
Interfaith Marriages ◽  
The Right

Marriage is the dream of every couple, where marriage is one of the highest forms of commitment in every individual relationship that makes love. In practice marriage is the dream of every couple to continue to be together to build a household. However, the couple's desire now becomes complicated when the marriage is difficult because of different religious beliefs. The difficulty of the legality of interfaith marriages in Indonesia becomes a polemic of interfaith couples in carrying out their marriage legally in the state or religion or even opposition faced with the family. Given this interfaith marriage today is still intensively carried out even though in practice it is difficult to implement and many problems will arise in the future. Indonesia is indeed known as a multicultural nation where differences in culture and religion are inevitable, one of which is the phenomenon of interfaith marriages now that Indonesia has five legitimate religions and streams of belief that are still developing in modern society. The state agency appointed to legalize the holy marriage is still a long-standing polemic for some couples who want to formalize their marriage. However, because they want to keep each of their beliefs, the state fully regulates marriages that require couples to marry with the same beliefs and religions, whereas in practice citizens are free to make their own choices and have the right to be happy in determining their life choices, including in terms of marriage and determining their life partners each

scholarly journals ARBITRATION AND PUBLIC POLICY IN BRAZIL: A STUDY BASED ON ‘LULA CASE’

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 223-264
Author(s):  
Carolina Barreira Lins
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
The State ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
National Courts ◽  
Arbitration Clause ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
The Right

This work examines the subject of jurisdiction and arbitrability of issues related to energy and natural resources in the world, in order to enhance the arbitration institute in Brazil. The study is based on a recent case pending in Brazilian courts, named “Lula case”, which refer to a dispute between the State and concessionaires that grant the right to explore and produce oil and gas in a determined area. The presence of arbitration clauses in the concession contracts for exploration and production of oil and gas in Brazil raises questions related to the disposability of the rights concerned. It is paramount to set benchmarks on arbitral tribunals’ power to decide on these matters and to define to what extent arbitral awards may defy public policy, national sovereignty over natural resources and national courts’ jurisdiction to render decisions in this regard. Otherwise, the randomness of judicial decisions makes the arbitration clause ineffective. Moreover, the Lula case arises substantive issues related to the necessity to protect investors in the oil and gas industry, since acts arguably connect to the State policy power may cause damages to the private parties. The work critically examines the decision given by national courts so far and proposes an international approach to face situations involving the State and the necessity to protect investors in the oil and gas industry.

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