scholarly journals Pharmacological Aspects of 6-Gingerol: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niharika Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Solid ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Active Moiety ◽  
Ginger Rhizome ◽  
Inhibition Of Angiogenesis ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Cycle Regulation ◽  
Therapeutic Activities ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Habitual consumption of raw fruits as well as vegetables can trim down the threat of many diseases. Ginger is consumed globally as a cuisine and herbal medicine. It is rich in pungent phenolic phytochemical substances together called gingerols. 6-Gingerol (1-[4’-hydroxy-3’-methoxyphenyl]-5-hydroxy-3- decanone) is the chief pharmacologically-active moiety of ginger. Molecularly, gingerol is a relative of capsaicin and piperine, the compounds which are alkaloids, though the bioactive pathways are unconnected. It is normally found as pungent yellow oil in the ginger rhizome, but can also form a low-melting crystalline solid. Previous studies have suggested ample of therapeutic activities including anticancer, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. 6-Gingerol has been found to possess anticancer activities via its effect on a variety of biological pathways involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, cytotoxic activity and inhibition of angiogenesis. Thus, due to its efficacy and regulation of multiple targets, as well as its safety for human use, 6-gingerol has received considerable interest as a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and/or treatment of various diseases. Overall, this review encapsulates different therapeutic and pharmacological facets of 6-gingerol along with its possible mechanism of action.

scholarly journals Biological Properties of 6-Gingerol: A Brief Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaopeng Wang ◽  
Caihua Zhang ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
Yanzong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Inhibition Of Angiogenesis ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Numerous studies have revealed that regular consumption of certain fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of many diseases. The rhizome of Zingiber officinale (ginger) is consumed worldwide as a spice and herbal medicine. It contains pungent phenolic substances collectively known as gingerols. 6-Gingerol is the major pharmacologically-active component of ginger. It is known to exhibit a variety of biological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation. 6-Gingerol has been found to possess anticancer activities via its effect on a variety of biological pathways involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, cytotoxic activity, and inhibition of angiogenesis. Thus, due to its efficacy and regulation of multiple targets, as well as its safety for human use, 6-gingerol has received considerable interest as a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and/or treatment of various diseases. Taken together, this review summarizes the various in vitro and in vivo pharmacological aspects of 6-gingerol and the underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Apigenin Suppresses Angiogenesis by Inhibiting Tube Formation and Inducing Apoptosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601101
Author(s):  
Hyun Ju Kim ◽  
Mok-Ryeon Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Inhibition Of Angiogenesis ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Apigenin has been reported to exert angiogenic and anticancer activities in vitro. The mechanism of inhibition of angiogenesis by apigenin, however, has not been well-established. In this study, we investigated whether apigenin not only inhibited tube formation but also induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, strong antiangiogenic activity of apigenin was observed in the in vivo assay using chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). We also analyzed changes in survival signals and the apoptotic pathway through Western blotting. The results indicate that apigenin exerts its antiangiogenic effects through induction of endothelial apoptosis.

scholarly journals Biological Functions of Diallyl Disulfide, a Garlic-Derived Natural Organic Sulfur Compound

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xiuxiu Song ◽  
Ziqi Yue ◽  
Lulingxiao Nie ◽  
Pengfei Zhao ◽  
Kangjian Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Diallyl Disulfide ◽  
Organic Sulfur Compound ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Bioactive Component ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Excellent Source ◽  
Insight Into

Garlic is widely accepted as a functional food and an excellent source of pharmacologically active ingredients. Diallyl disulfide (DADS), a major bioactive component of garlic, has several beneficial biological functions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, and anticancer activities. This review systematically evaluated the biological functions of DADS and discussed the underlying molecular mechanisms of these functions. We hope that this review provides guidance and insight into the current literature and enables future research and the development of DADS for intervention and treatment of multiple diseases.

scholarly journals Anticancer Activity of Sulforaphane: The Epigenetic Mechanisms and the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuling Su ◽  
Xin Jiang ◽  
Lingbin Meng ◽  
Xiaoming Dong ◽  
Yanjun Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Dna Methyltransferases ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Nrf2 Signaling Pathway ◽  
Inhibition Of Angiogenesis

Sulforaphane (SFN), a compound derived from cruciferous vegetables that has been shown to be safe and nontoxic, with minimal/no side effects, has been extensively studied due to its numerous bioactivities, such as anticancer and antioxidant activities. SFN exerts its anticancer effects by modulating key signaling pathways and genes involved in the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of angiogenesis. SFN also upregulates a series of cytoprotective genes by activating nuclear factor erythroid-2- (NF-E2-) related factor 2 (Nrf2), a critical transcription factor activated in response to oxidative stress; Nrf2 activation is also involved in the cancer-preventive effects of SFN. Accumulating evidence supports that epigenetic modification is an important factor in carcinogenesis and cancer progression, as epigenetic alterations often contribute to the inhibition of tumor-suppressor genes and the activation of oncogenes, which enables cells to acquire cancer-promoting properties. Studies on the mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of SFN have shown that SFN can reverse such epigenetic alterations in cancers by targeting DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone deacetyltransferases (HDACs), and noncoding RNAs. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss the anticancer activities of SFN and its mechanisms, with a particular emphasis on epigenetic modifications, including epigenetic reactivation of Nrf2.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Famili Fabaceae untuk Pengobatan Penyakit Liver oleh Pengobat Tradisional Berbagai Etnis di Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-88
Author(s):  
Harto Widodo ◽  
Abdul Rohman ◽  
Sismindari Sismindari
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Information Set ◽  
Nutritional Compounds ◽  
Therapeutic Activities ◽  
Anti Inflammation ◽  
Health Research And Development

Abstract Liver disease is one of the leading causes of death globally. Recently, its prevalence and mortality rate continue to increase. It was reported that Indonesia’s hepatitis prevalence was 1.2% in 2013. Indonesia is the world second largest megabiodiversity country and inhabited by 1,068 ethnicities. Both are assets to explore medicinal plants as well as local knowledge to overcome various diseases. Ethnomedicine research by the National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD) of Republic of Indonesia in year of 2012, 2015, and 2017 resulted in local etnopharmacology and medicinal plants in Indonesia. One important information is data on the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of liver disease by traditional healers from various ethnic groups in Indonesia. Analysis of the information set shows that the most widely used plant species for the treatment of liver disease by battra are included in Fabaceae family. Therefore, further studies of the literature regarding the use of empirical, compound content, therapeutic activities and pharmacology of plant species are used as support or even correction for their use in the treatment of liver disease. Various properties as antibiotics (against viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi), anti-inflammation, antioxidants, hepatoprotectors, and immunomodulators support the use of these species for the treatment of liver disease. Further research is needed to provide basic data on its use in traditional medicine, obtain and develop new drug compounds, and reveal broader use, not to mention toxic and anti-nutritional compounds. This information is expected to be useful for those who are involved in the ethnobotany, botany, pharmacognosy, and pharmacology fields. Abstrak Penyakit liver termasuk salah satu penyakit yang menjadi penyebab kematian utama secara global, dengan angka kematian terus mengalami peningkatan. Hepatitis merupakan salah satu penyakit liver, prevalensi di Indonesia pada tahun 2013 mencapai 1,2%. Sebagai negara megabiodiversitas nomor dua di dunia yang dihuni oleh 1.068 etnis/suku bangsa, Indonesia kaya akan tumbuhan yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengatasi berbagai penyakit. Riset etnomedisin oleh Badan Litbang Kesehatan RI pada tahun 2012, 2015, dan 2017 menghasilkan metadata pengetahuan lokal etnofarmakologi dan tumbuhan obat Indonesia. Salah satu informasi pentingnya yaitu data pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat untuk pengobatan penyakit liver oleh pengobat tradisional (battra) dari berbagai etnis di Indonesia. Analisis terhadap set informasi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa spesies tumbuhan paling banyak digunakan untuk pengobatan penyakit liver termasuk dalam famili Fabaceae. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan studi literatur mengenai pemanfaatan empiris, kandungan senyawa, aktivitas terapeutik dan farmakologi spesies-spesies tumbuhan tersebut sebagai dukungan atau bahkan koreksi terhadap pemanfaatannya untuk pengobatan penyakit liver. Berbagai khasiat sebagai antibiotik (terhadap virus, bakteri, parasit, jamur), anti-inflamasi, antioksidan, hepatoprotektor, dan imunomodulator menyokong pemanfaatan spesies tersebut untuk pengobatan penyakit liver. Penelitian lebih lanjut sangat diperlukan untuk memberikan data dasar penggunaannya dalam pengobatan tradisional, mendapat dan mengembangkan senyawa obat baru, serta mengungkap pemanfaatan yang lebih luas tak terkecuali pula terhadap senyawa toksik dan anti-nutrisi. Informasi ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi yang menggeluti bidang etnobotani, botani, farmakognosi, dan farmakologi.

Exploring the Anti-Neuroinflammatory Potential of Steroid and Terpenoid-Derived Phytochemicals to Combat Alzheimer's Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Tanvir Kabir ◽  
Md. Sahab Uddin ◽  
Sonia Zaman ◽  
Md. Sohanur Rahman ◽  
Tapan Behl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Therapeutic Activities

: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder that significantly affects cognitive functions in a way that causes loss of memory, thinking, and behavior. Multiple studies revealed that neuroinflammation associated with AD is linked with the amyloid-beta deposition in the brain. Elevated levels of expression of cytokines, microglial activation, nuclear factor kappa B, and reactive oxygen species play roles in ADrelated inflammatory processes. Indeed, effective therapeutic approaches are urgently required to develop therapeutic agents to prevent and treat AD. So far, many anti-AD drug candidates have failed in the clinical stages and currently available drugs only provide symptomatic treatment. In recent times, pharmacologically active phytochemicals have been found to possess promising anti-neuroinflammatory effects; therefore these natural products can be useful in the AD treatment. In this review, we have comprehensively discussed the role of neuroinflammation and the molecular processes altered by multiple steroid and terpenoid-derived phytochemicals in various AD-related neuroinflammatory pathways. Indeed, steroid and terpenoid-derived phytochemicals show important therapeutic activities, which can be useful in ameliorating and treating AD-related neurodegeneration.

Anticancer activities of artemisinin and its bioactive derivatives

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Firestone ◽  
Shyam N. Sundar
Keyword(s):  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Apoptosis Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Of Angiogenesis ◽  
Sweet Wormwood

Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone derived from the sweet wormwood plant Artemisia annua, and its bioactive derivatives exhibit potent anticancer effects in a variety of human cancer cell model systems. The pleiotropic response in cancer cells includes growth inhibition by cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, disruption of cell migration, and modulation of nuclear receptor responsiveness. These effects of artemisinin and its derivatives result from perturbations of many cellular signalling pathways. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of these cellular responses, and considers the ramifications for the potential development of artemisinin-based compounds in anticancer therapeutic and preventative strategies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Correlation Between the Pharmacogenetic Profiles of Risperidone Treated Psychiatry Patients with Plasma and Urine Concentration of Risperidone and its Active Moiety 9-OH Risperidone Determined with Optimized Bioanalytical LC Method

PRILOZI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Ana Filipce ◽  
Zorica Naumovska ◽  
Aleksandra Kapedanovska Nestorovska ◽  
Zoran Sterjev ◽  
Katerina Brezovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Metabolite ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Parent Drug ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Cyp2d6 Phenotype ◽  
Active Moiety ◽  
Therapeutic Regime ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Risperidone Treatment

Abstract Atypical antipsychotic risperidone is widely used first-line monotherapy in schizophrenia and combined therapy in bipolar disorders. Therapeutic plasma concentrations of risperidone and its active moiety are directly influenced by genetic variations in metabolic CYP450 enzymes (CYP2D6 and CYP3A4/5) and transporter (ABCB1) protein and additional environmental factors. Since active metabolite 9-OH risperidone has a greater percentage of the pharmacologically active fraction and is equipotent to the parent drug risperidone, it is assumed that it contributes significantly to therapeutic and adverse effects. Unpredictable dose/concentration ratio, narrow therapeutic index, number of interactions, along with serious adverse reactions (ADR), raises the need for individualization of risperidone treatment and establishing of good therapeutic regime using TDM. A simple and reliable validated bioanalytical liquide-liquide extraction HPLC/UV method was applied for the simultaneous determination of risperidone and its active metabolite, 9-OH risperidone, in human plasma and urine of 52 hospitalized schizophrenia/bipolar disorder patients treated with risperidone as monotherapy and in polytherapy. All the patients were previously genotyped for CYP2D6 (EM=30, EM/IM=14, IM=4 IM/PM=1 and PM=3) and ABCB1 using Real-Time PCR methods with TaqMan SNP genotyping suitable assays according to the guidelines of the manufacturer (Life Technologies, USA).The influence of CYP2D6 phenotype on metabolic ratio MR (Ris/9-OHRis) in plasma (p=0.012) and in urine (p=0.048) was confirmed. Statistically significant correlation (R2=55.53%, Rho=0.844, p<0,0001) for MR in both plasma and urine indicates that urine may be utilized as appropriate media for initial CYP2D6 phenotype identification and selection of patients on risperidone treatment with high risk for ADR.

scholarly journals Anticancer activity of Nigerian medicinal plants: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklyn O. Ohiagu ◽  
Paul C. Chikezie ◽  
Chinwendu M. Chikezie ◽  
Christian E. Enyoh
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Inhibition Of Angiogenesis

Abstract Background Cancer is currently the leading cause of death globally and the number of deaths from cancer is on the rise daily. Medicinal plants have been in continuous use over the years for the management of cancer, particularly, in most developing countries of the world including Nigeria. The use of synthetic drugs for the treatment of cancer is often accompanied by toxic side effects. Thus, the alternative use of readily available and inexpensive medicinal plants is the panacea to the toxic side effects associated with synthetic drugs. Main body The present review summarized the anticancer activity of 51 medicinal plants that are widespread in all regions of Nigeria. Furthermore, the proposed anticancer pharmacological actions as well as the anticancer bioactive compounds, the type of cancer cell inhibited, the plant parts responsible for the anticancer activity, and the nature of the extracts used for the studies were discussed in this review. The 51 Nigerian medicinal plants were reported to exhibit anticancer activities of the prostate, cervices, lung, skin, colon, esophagus, blood, ovary, central nervous system/brain, breast, stomach, pancreas, larynx, and kidney. The major classes of bioactive compounds indicated to be responsible for the anticancer activity include the polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, triterpenes, tannins, and quinones. The major anticancer pharmacological actions of these bioactive compounds were antiproliferative, cytotoxic, cytostatic, antimetastatic, apoptotic, and antioxidative as well as provoked cell cycle arrest, inhibition of angiogenesis and reduction of cancer cell viability. Conclusion The Nigerian medicinal plants can be harnessed to provide for readily available and inexpensive anticancer drugs in the future because the plants reported in this review showed promising anticancer activity.

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