Antibacterial Potential of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Carica papaya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Kushwaha ◽  
Anju Nayak ◽  
A.K. Rai ◽  
S. Bordoloi ◽  
V. Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Background: Drug resistant bacteria related health problems are major concern globally and search for newer and most effective antibacterial agents is the urgent need to combat with these challenges. The study was undertaken with the aim of isolating and identifying endophytic fungi associated with Carica papaya and assessing their potential as antibacterial agents.Methods: Carica papaya plants were collected from different locations and endophytic fungi were isolated and characterized phenotypically and genotypically by microscopy, colonial characteristics and ITS gene sequencing, respectively. Antibacterial activity of endophyte was assessed against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella Typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, using the agar plate diffusion assay method with Ciprofloxacin as a positive control.Result: Thirty four (34) fungal endophytes of two genera Fusarium and Penicillium were recovered from 60 samples of Carica papaya and they showed the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, the endophytic fungi have the potential to be used as an antibacterial agent.

scholarly journals SUBSTANSI ANTIBAKTERI JAMUR ENDOFIT PADA LAMUN ASAL PERAIRAN TONGKAINA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Galih Prasetyo ◽  
Remmy Mangindaan ◽  
Robert Antonius Bara
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides ◽  
Rice Medium ◽  
Partition Process

Seagrass is a part of Phanerogamae, commonly has a symbiotic relationship with microbial endophytes. The types of microbes those have ability to produce bioactive compounds with potentially exploited for medical, agriculture and industrial purposes. Antibacterial testing using the modified Kirby-Bauer method. The fungi show a strong antibiotic activity which cultivated statically and Staphylococcus aureus was induced in rice medium for 10 days. The purpose of inducing bacteria to the culture is to stimulate a strong antibiotic activity through Silence Biosynthesis Pathway. Fungal isolates were macerated with 96% of ethanol for 24 hours. Partition process was performed by adding solvents (ethyl acetate, n-hexane, ethanol and water) to get n-hexane, ethanol and water fractions. All fractions were tested their activity against clinical isolates bacteria S. aureus and Escherichia coli. Ten fungal endophytes were isolated from seagrass Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides. Two isolates derived from the leaf of both seagrass specimens (E.D.1 and Th.D.1) showed strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus only. Antibacterial activity test of each fraction both active isolates show in water and ethanol fractions. This indicates the active antibacterial compounds of both endophytic fungi have semi-polar and polar characteristics. However, bacterial induction has no effect on their antibacterial activity.Keywords : Endophytic fungi, Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides, antibacterial activity Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.Lamun merupakan tanaman tingkat tinggi yang mempunyai hubungan simbiosis dengan mikroba jamur endofit. Mikroba endofit ini mempunyai kemampuan untuk memproduksi senyawa-senyawa bioaktif dengan potensi yang besar untuk dieksploitasi dan menghasilkan yang bermanfaat di bidang medis, pertanian, dan industri. Isolasi jamur dilakukan mengacu pada penelitian Bara et al (2013). Pengujian antibakteri dilakukan berdasarkan metode Kirby-Bauer yang dimodifikasi. Jamur memperlihatkan aktivitas antibiotik yang kuat dikultivasi statis dan di induksikan bakteri S. aureus dalam media nasi selama 10 hari. Tujuan pemberian bakteri pada kultur yaitu untuk memicu adanya aktivitas antibiotik yang lebih kuat melalui jalur biosintesis senyap (Silence Biosintethic Pathway) pada jamur tersebut. Isolat jamur di maserasi dengan menambahkan etanol 96% selama 24 jam. Proses partisi dengan menambahkan pelarut (etil asetat, n-heksan, etanol dan air) untuk memperoleh fraksi n-heksan, etanol dan air. Tiap fraksi diuji kembali aktivitas antibiotiknya pada bakteri S. aureus dan Escherichia coli. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh sepuluh isolat jamur dari lamun T. hemprichii dan E. acoroides. Dua isolat daun (E.D.1 dan Th.D.1) menunjukkan aktivitas yang kuat terhadap bakteri S. aureus. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri tiap fraksi kedua isolat jamur memperlihatkan fraksi air dan etanol yang menunjukkan aktivitas penghambat. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa senyawa aktif antibakteri kedua jamur endofit berisfat semi polar dan polar. Induksi bakteri tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap aktivitas antibakteri.Kata Kunci : jamur endofit, Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides, aktivitas antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli.

Synthesis Ruthenium complexes Functionalized with Benzothiophene and their Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangwen Liao ◽  
lianghong liu ◽  
yanhui Tan ◽  
guijuan jiang ◽  
haihong fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ruthenium Complexes ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

New effective antimicrobial agents with novel mode of action are urgently need due to the continued emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Here, three ruthenium complexes functionalized with benzothiophene: [Ru(phen)2(BTPIP)](ClO4)2 (Ru(II)-1), [Ru(dmp)2(BTPIP)](ClO4)2...

Graphene Oxide Nanosheets with Efficient Antibacterial Activity Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1627-1634
Author(s):  
Yujie Gao ◽  
Yuanhao Dong ◽  
Yubin Cao ◽  
Wenlong Huang ◽  
Chenhao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antibacterial Performance ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Life Threatening

The development of drug-resistant bacteria has become a public health problem, among which methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) leads to various life-threatening diseases. Graphene oxide (GO) is a two-dimensional nanomaterial with potential in the anti-MRSA treatment. This study prepared GO nanosheets with fixed lamellar size, investigated its antibacterial activity against MRSA, and analyzed the related antibacterial mechanisms. We found that the fabrication of GO with stable dispersion was workable. Furthermore, such GO had superior antibacterial performance against MRSA at low concentrations with the dose-dependent anti-MRSA effect. The GO-MRSA interaction also provided fundamental support for the antibacterial mechanisms with cleavage and encapsulation effects. In conclusion, GO nanosheets may be a promising antimicrobial agent against MRSA.

scholarly journals Random Mutagenesis of theAspergillus oryzaeGenome Results in Fungal Antibacterial Activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory A. Leonard ◽  
Stacy D. Brown ◽  
J. Russell Hayman
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Random Mutagenesis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Severe Infections

Multidrug-resistant bacteria cause severe infections in hospitals and communities. Development of new drugs to combat resistant microorganisms is needed. Natural products of microbial origin are the source of most currently available antibiotics. We hypothesized that random mutagenesis ofAspergillus oryzaewould result in secretion of antibacterial compounds. To address this hypothesis, we developed a screen to identify individualA. oryzaemutants that inhibit the growth of Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA)in vitro. To randomly generateA. oryzaemutant strains, spores were treated with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). Over 3000 EMS-treatedA. oryzaecultures were tested in the screen, and one isolate, CAL220, exhibited altered morphology and antibacterial activity. Culture supernatant from this isolate showed antibacterial activity against Methicillin-sensitiveStaphylococcus aureus, MRSA, andPseudomonas aeruginosa, but notKlebsiella pneumoniaorProteus vulgaris. The results of this study support our hypothesis and suggest that the screen used is sufficient and appropriate to detect secreted antibacterial fungal compounds resulting from mutagenesis ofA. oryzae. Because the genome ofA. oryzaehas been sequenced and systems are available for genetic transformation of this organism, targeted as well as random mutations may be introduced to facilitate the discovery of novel antibacterial compounds using this system.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SEAWEED (Sargassum muticm) AND FRESHWATER WEED (Spirodela polyrrhiza)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Safa Nova ◽  
Md. Aftab Uddin ◽  
Tasnia Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Sargassum Muticum ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Spirodela Polyrrhiza

Development of new drugs is needed to resist the situation of diseases caused by drug resistant bacteria for public health safety. Natural resource is a big source to find candidates having antibacterial activity and aquatic weed is such a natural resource possessing such activity. The current study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of sea weed (Sargassum muticum) and fresh water weed/duckweed (Spirodela polyrrhiza) against six bacterial isolates Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas luteola and Bacillus subtilis. The potency of methanol and ethanol extracts of these weeds was compared to determine the best candidate of weeds in inhibiting bacteria. Both agar well diffusion method and micro dilution was done to observe the antibacterial activity. Ethanol extract of Sargassum muticum worked best against Pseudomans aeruginosa (30mm zone of inhibition) and no activity against Bacillus subtilis. Methanol extract of the same Sargassum muticum showed less activity compared to ethanol extract except for Bacillus subtilis where it showed 21mm zone of inhibition. Ethanol and methanol extracts of Spirodela polyrrhiza showed less antibacterial activity against the bacteria compared to Sargassum muticum. They showed no antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus. On average, the extracts impart a significant antibacterial activity against these six bacteria which are resistant to several antibiotics. Even one of them (Escherichia coli) is resistant to 4th generation cephalosporin but still fairly susceptible for extracts. The antibacterial properties of these marine and freshwater weeds can be subjected to develop new therapeutics to inhibit the resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals 1,2,4-Oxadiazole/2-Imidazoline Hybrids: Multi-target-directed Compounds for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Shetnev ◽  
Sergey Baykov ◽  
Stanislav Kalinin ◽  
Alexandra Belova ◽  
Vladimir Sharoyko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Efflux Pump Inhibitors

Replacement of amide moiety with the 1,2,4-oxadiazole core in the scaffold of recently reported efflux pump inhibitors afforded a novel series of oxadiazole/2-imidazoline hybrids. The latter compounds exhibited promising antibacterial activity on both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens) strains. Furthermore, selected compounds markedly inhibited the growth of certain drug-resistant bacteria. Additionally, the study revealed the antiproliferative activity of several antibacterial frontrunners against pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PANC-1) cell line, as well as their type-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory profile.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Fluorobenzoylthiosemicarbazides and Their Cyclic Analogues with 1,2,4-Triazole Scaffold

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Urszula Kosikowska ◽  
Monika Wujec ◽  
Nazar Trotsko ◽  
Wojciech Płonka ◽  
Piotr Paneth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Substitution Pattern ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Reference Strains

The development of drug-resistant bacteria is currently one of the major challenges in medicine. Therefore, the discovery of novel lead structures for the design of antibacterial drugs is urgently needed. In this structure–activity relationship study, a library of ortho-, meta-, and para-fluorobenzoylthiosemicarbazides, and their cyclic analogues with 1,2,4-triazole scaffold, was created and tested for antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria strains. While all tested 1,2,4-triazoles were devoid of potent activity, the antibacterial response of the thiosemicarbazides was highly dependent on substitution pattern at the N4 aryl position. The optimum activity for these compounds was found for trifluoromethyl derivatives such as 15a, 15b, and 16b, which were active against both the reference strains panel, and pathogenic methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates at minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 7.82 to 31.25 μg/mL. Based on the binding affinities obtained from docking, the conclusion can be reached that fluorobenzoylthiosemicarbazides can be considered as potential allosteric d-alanyl-d-alanine ligase inhibitors.

scholarly journals Novel Seleno- and Thio-Urea Containing Dihydropyrrol-2-One Analogues as Antibacterial Agents

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Shekh Sabir ◽  
Tsz Tin Yu ◽  
Rajesh Kuppusamy ◽  
Basmah Almohaywi ◽  
George Iskander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Quorum Sensing Inhibition ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

The quorum sensing (QS) system in multi-drug-resistant bacteria such as P. aeruginosa is primarily responsible for the development of antibiotic resistance and is considered an attractive target for antimicrobial drug discovery. In this study, we synthesised a series of novel selenourea and thiourea-containing dihydropyrrol-2-one (DHP) analogues as LasR antagonists. The selenium DHP derivatives displayed significantly better quorum-sensing inhibition (QSI) activities than the corresponding sulphur analogues. The most potent analogue 3e efficiently inhibited the las QS system by 81% at 125 µM and 53% at 31 µM. Additionally, all the compounds were screened for their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus, and interestingly, only the selenium analogues showed antibacterial activity, with 3c and 3e being the most potent with a MIC of 15.6 µM.

scholarly journals Assessment of Microbial Load of Un-pasteurized Fruit Juices and in vitro Antibacterial Potential of Honey Against Bacterial Isolates

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naeem Iqbal ◽  
Aftab Ahmad Anjum ◽  
Muhammad Asad Ali ◽  
Firasat Hussain ◽  
Shahzad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Development Of Resistance

The development of resistance in bacteria against commonly used antibiotics/drugs is of considerable medical significance. Aim of this study was to determine the microbial load of un-pasteurized packed fruit juices sold in Lahore city and to determine antibacterial activity of five different honey samples against isolated bacteria. Unpasteurized fruit juice samples (n=60) were collected from street vendors. All the samples were subjected to Total viable count (TVC), Staphylococcal count (SC) and Coliform count (CC). One hundred and ten strains of bacteria were isolated from various fruit juices and identified on the basis of cultural characters, morphology and biochemical characters. Mean TVCs, SCs and CCs of juices (6.80±1.91, 5.45±1.06 and 3.25±1.25 log10 CFU/ml respectively) were non-significant with standard permissible limits (p<0.05). Among all the fruit juices, 66.66% of samples had TVC more than 4 log10 CFU/ml, 51.66% of samples had SC more than 3 log10 CFU/ml and 46.66% of samples had CC more than 2 log10 CFU/ml. Among the bacillus isolates purified, were Bacillus alvei, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus polymyxa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli and Enterobecter. All five different types of honey samples used in this study showed antibacterial activity against B. alvei, B. polymyxa, B. subtilis and S. aureus and no activity against P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonia, Enterobecter and E. coli. It is concluded that microbial load in unpasteurized fruit juices is significantly higher than standard permissible limits which insinuates its possible role in spoilage and food borne illnesses. Periodic monitoring of packed fruit juices should be carried out to make them safe for consumption. Honey can be used as an alternative for treatment of various infections, especially those caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria.

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