Approach to study of pigeonpea leaf webber [Grapholita critica (Meyr.)] damage dynamics and its relation to weather

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vennila ◽  
Ranjit Kumar Paul ◽  
M. N. Bhat ◽  
Satish Kumar Yadav ◽  
N.B. Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Parametric Regression ◽  
Damage Dynamics ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
One Way Anova

Investigation of the published data of a field experiment on assessment of damage due to leaf webber (Grapholita critica (Meyr.)Torticidae:Lepidoptera) under seven different sowing periods at weekly intervals between June IV to August II weeks of 2013-14 at Gulbarga (Karnataka) and observations on leaf webber damage recorded on weekly basis between 32 and 42 standard meteorological weeks (SMW) was done to demonstrate appropriate analytical methodology for an improved understanding of seasonal dynamics of G. critica damage and its relation to weather. Approach to analyses included reporting of calendar (SMW) based observations of G. critica damage on crop age basis, one way ANOVA for testing differences in damage levels amongst sowing periods, SMWs and crop age besides description of relations of damage with crop age and weather variables. Seasonal damage levels of G. critica for sowing periods were non-significant but significant (P less than 0.05) across SMWs and crop age with reduced damage during early and late crop stages irrespective of sowing periods. Seven and four weeks of higher damage and the best fit of polynomial relations of second order in respect of crop age over calendar based periods signified crop stage dependent damage due to G. critica. While MLR revealed significant influence of all weather and crop age variables (R2: 0.79), non-parametric regression revealed that less than 30°C of maximum temperature and greater than 23°C of minimum temperature to be favourable for G. critica damage. Crop age and calendar based observations have their importance for an area wide and field basis management of G. critica respectively.

scholarly journals Seed Dormancy in Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) Is Influenced by Genotype and Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1804
Author(s):  
L. Kissing Kucek ◽  
M.D. Azevedo ◽  
S.S. Eagen ◽  
N.J. Ehlke ◽  
R.J. Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Dormant Seed ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Seed Maturity ◽  
Agricultural Use

Seed dormancy complicates the agricultural use of many legume species. Understanding the genetic and environmental drivers of seed dormancy is necessary for advancing crop improvement for legumes, such as Vicia villosa. In this study, we quantify the magnitude of genetic and environmental effects on physical dormancy among 1488 maternal V. villosa plants from 18 diverse environments. Furthermore, we explore the relationship between physical dormancy and environmental conditions during seed development. Additive genetic variance (h2) accounted for 40% of the variance, while the growing environment explained 28% of the variance in physical dormancy. Maternal lines showed complete variance in physical dormancy, as one line was 100% dormant, and 56 lines were 0% dormant. Distributions of physical dormancy varied widely among seed production environments, with some site-years strongly skewed toward physically dormant seed, while other site-years exhibited little dormant seed. Twenty-three weather variables were associated with environmental and error effects of physical dormancy. High mean and minimum relative humidity, low mean and maximum temperature, and high precipitation weakly grouped with low physical dormancy. Weather variables calculated from fixed time windows approximating seed maturity to seed harvest at each site-year tended to be less predictive than biological seed drying windows calculated based on seed maturity of each maternal line. Overall, individual and cumulative effects of weather variables were poor predictors of physical dormancy. Moderate heritability indicates that breeding programs can select against physical dormancy and improve V. villosa for agricultural use. Marker-based approaches would maximize selection for physical dormancy by reducing the influence of unpredictable environmental effects.

Allometric Models of Simuliid Growth Rates and Their Use for Estimation of Production

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Morin ◽  
Michel Constantin ◽  
Robert Henry Peters
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Allometric Model ◽  
Simulium Vittatum ◽  
Individual Mass

Growth rates of Prosimulium mixtum/fuscum, Stegopterna mutata, and Simulium vittatum are described in relation to individual mass, water temperature, and seston quality in the outlet of Lake Orford (southern Quebec) in the winter of 1985–86. Growth rates in mass (G, per day) of the three species were similar and inversely related to dry mass (DM, micrograms) following the power relationship G = 0.11 DM−0.28; neither water temperature nor seston abundance and quality varied sufficiently during the study period to have a significant influence on growth rates. The allometric model was used to estimate production of the three species, and the resulting estimates are compared with cohort methods and size–frequency estimates. Large larvae were responsible for most of the production, and most of the production occurred before the spring rise in water temperature. Measured growth rates in winter are significantly lower than those reported for simuliids in warmer waters. A reanalysis of published data shows that growth rates of simuliids increase as the square root of water temperature (T, degrees Celsius) (G = 0.08 DM−0.21 T0.48).

scholarly journals Use of Weather Variables to Quantify Sorghum Ergot Potential in South Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. McLaren ◽  
B. C. Flett
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Breakdown Point ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Study Results

Quantification of resistance to ergot requires that the observed ergot severity within a sorghum line be compared with expected ergot severity (ergot potential) to compensate for differences in environmental favorability for the disease among flowering dates and seasons. The ergot potential required to induce the onset of disease is referred to as the ergot breakdown point of that line. In earlier studies, the ergot potential of a specific flowering date was defined as the mean ergot severity in all sorghum heads over all lines in the nursery which commenced flowering on that date in a genetically broad-based sorghum nursery. In this study, results of field trials enabled accurate prediction of ergot potential by using a multiple regression analysis which included three weather variables—namely, pre-flowering minimum temperature (mean of days 23 to 27 pre-flowering), mean daily maximum temperature, and mean daily maximum relative humidity (mean of days 1 to 5 post-flowering; R2 = 0.90; P = 0.91E-5). Evaluation of predicted and observed ergot severity in an independent data set gave an index of agreement of d = 0.94 and R2 = 0.84 (P = 0.106E-4), showing that ergot severity, assuming the presence of viable inoculum, can be accurately predicted. Low pre-flowering minimum temperature was associated with reduced pollen viability, which appeared to be the primary factor predisposing lines to ergot.

scholarly journals Pre-harvest forecast of pigeon-pea yield using discriminant function analysis of weather variables

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-582
Author(s):  
R. R. YADAV ◽  
B. V. S. SISODIA ◽  
SUNIL KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Weather Variables

In the present paper, an application of discriminant function analysis of weather variables (minimum & maximum temperature, Rainfall, Rainy days, Relative humidity 7 hr & 14 hr, Sunshine hour and Wind velocity )for developing suitable statistical models to forecast pigeon-pea yield in Faizabad district of Eastern Uttar Pradesh has been demonstrated. Time series data on pigeon-pea yield for 22 years (1990-91 to 2011-12) have been divided into three groups, viz., congenial, normal, and adverse based on de-trended yield distribution. Considering these groups as three populations, discriminant function analysis using weekly data on eight weather variables in different forms has been carried out. The sets of discriminant scores obtained from such analysis have been used as regressor variables along with time trend variable and pigeon-pea yield as regressand in development of statistical models. In all nine models have been developed. The forecast yield of pigeon-pea have been obtained from these models for the year 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12, which were not included in the development of the models. The model 4 and 9 have been found to be most appropriate on the basis of R2adj, percent deviation of forecast, percent root mean square error (%RMSE) and percent standard error (PSE) for the reliable forecast of pigeon-pea yield about two and half months before the crop harvest.

scholarly journals Identification of Droughts and Heat Waves in Germany with Regional Climate Networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd Schädler ◽  
Marcus Breil
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Climate Networks

Abstract. Regional Climate Networks (RCNs) are used to identify heat waves and droughts in Germany and two subregions for the summer half years resp. summer seasons of the period 1951 to 2019. RCNs provide information for whole areas (in contrast to the point-wise information from standard indices), the underlying nodes can be distributed arbitrarily, they are easy to 5 construct and provide details otherwise difficult to avail of like extent, intensity and collective behaviour of extreme events. The RCNs were constructed on the regular 0.25 degree grid of the E-Obs data set. The season-wise correlation of time series of daily maximum temperature Tmax and precipitation were used to construct the adjacency matrix of the networks. Metrics to identify extremes were the edge density, the 90th percentile of the correlations and the average clustering coefficient, which turned out to be highly correlated; they increased considerably during extreme events. The standard indices for comparison 10 were the effective drought and heat index (EDI and EHI) respectively, based on the same time series, and complemented by other published data. Our results show that the RCNs are able to identify severe extremes in all cases and moderate extremes in most cases. An interesting finding is that during average years, the distribution of the node degrees is close to the Poisson distribution, characteristic of random networks, while for extreme years the distribution is more uniform and heavy tailed.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS BUBUK BIJI PEPAYA (Carica Papaya Linnaeaus) SEBAGAI LARVASIDA ALAMI TERHADAP KEMATIAN LARVA AEDES AEGYPTY TAHUN 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Iwan Iskandar ◽  
Hevi Horiza ◽  
Nanang Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Group Research ◽  
Papaya Seeds ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
True Experiment

Papaya seeds are excellent to be used as a repellent larvae of Aedes aegypti because of the toxins contained in papaya seeds called alkaloid karpaina. The research objective was to determine the effectiveness of papaya seeds powder as Aedes aegypti larvicides. This type of research is True Experiment with Posttest Only Control Group research design, using five treatments (4 grams, 8 grams, 12 grams, 16 grams and 20 grams) and one control. Objects that are used as many as 600 larvaes of Aedes aegypti. If the papaya seeds powder in a simple processsuch as drying and grinding. Each treatment contains 50 larvaes and by doing 2 times repeatedly. The results of data analysis on the number of dead larvaes at a dose trending dead at the lowest possible total percentage of 22% at a dose of 4 grams and the highest percentage of 97% at a dose of 20 grams. The analysis result of one-way ANOVA for the number of differences in the number of dead larvaes, with the value obtained sig. = 0.000, so that ? <? (0.05) means that there is a significant influence on differences in doses of papaya seeds powder solution used against the death of Aedes aegypti larvaes. The control of Aedes aegypti larvaes using papaya seeds powder can be done by puttingthe powder of papaya seeds as much as 20 grams per 10 liters of water for 24 hours of treatment.

scholarly journals FAKTOR PENENTU PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN NUTRISI IBU HAMIL ANEMIA GIZI

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-34
Author(s):  
Susi Endrawati ◽  
Tri Suwarni
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Decision Making Factors ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Study Population ◽  
One Way Anova

Objective Research to determine the factors that influence the decision-making simultaneously to fulfilling the nutritional needs of pregnant women anemia and the percentage of each factor, the views of factors: 1) knowledge / supply of nutrients; 2) the influence of culture / customs; 3) the economy; 4) support the family; and 5) decision-making.The study population was maternal anemia at four health centers working area of District Sukoharjo, using random sampling techniques and non-random sampling / non-probability sampling (samples are not random), using questionnaires and interviews. The results were analyzed with One Way Anova, multiple linear regression (multiple linear regretion), and Tukey HSD test Hoct Post / Post Hoct Bonfeeron.Result Analysis of One Way Anova in four health centers, the value of (p) 0.000 <0.05, which means there is simultaneously a significant influence, and which factors influence the Tukey HSD test Hoct Post / Post Hoct Bonfeeroni.The study concluded there was a significant influence on the decision-making factors fifth meeting nutritional needs of pregnant women anemia, namely: 1) the factors of knowledge / supply of nutrients ( health center Nguter 61.67%, 54.31% Sukoharjo, Tawangsari 51.67%, Weru 27.78%); 2) factors influence of culture / customs ( health center Tawangsari 37.5%, Nguter 34.17%, 25.86% Sukoharjo, Weru 20.37%); 3) factors economy ( health center Weru 48.15%, Tawangsari 43.33%, 39.66% Sukoharjo, Nguter 30%); 4) factor family support (health center Weru 36.29%, Nguter 34.67%, 33.79% Sukoharjo, Tawangsari 33.33%) and 5) factors decision making (health center Tawangsari 70%, Sukoharjo 50.58%, Weru 49.38% and 34.45% Nguter.

scholarly journals The Mean of Milk: A Review of Human Milk Oligosaccharide Concentrations throughout Lactation

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2737
Author(s):  
Buket Soyyilmaz ◽  
Marta Hanna Mikš ◽  
Christoph Hermann Röhrig ◽  
Martin Matwiejuk ◽  
Agnes Meszaros-Matwiejuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Gestational Length ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Secretor Status ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Global Population

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are non-digestible and structurally diverse complex carbohydrates that are highly abundant in human milk. To date, more than 200 different HMO structures have been identified. Their concentrations in human milk vary according to various factors such as lactation period, mother’s genetic secretor status, and length of gestation (term or preterm). The objective of this review is to assess and rank HMO concentrations from healthy mothers throughout lactation at a global level. To this aim, published data from pooled (secretor and non-secretor) human milk samples were used. When samples were reported as secretor or non-secretor, means were converted to a pooled level, using the reported mean of approximately 80/20% secretor/non-secretor frequency in the global population. This approach provides an estimate of HMO concentrations in the milk of an average, healthy mother independent of secretor status. Mean concentrations of HMOs were extracted and categorized by pre-defined lactation periods of colostrum (0–5 days), transitional milk (6–14 days), mature milk (15–90 days), and late milk (>90 days). Further categorizations were made by gestational length at birth, mother’s ethnicity, and analytical methodology. Data were excluded if they were from preterm milk, unknown sample size and mothers with any known disease status. A total of 57 peer-reviewed articles reporting individual HMO concentrations published between 1996 and 2020 were included in the review. Pooled HMO means reported from 31 countries were analyzed. In addition to individual HMO concentrations, 12 articles reporting total HMO concentrations were also analyzed as a basis for relative HMO abundance. Total HMOs were found as 17.7 g/L in colostrum, 13.3 g/L in transitional milk, and 11.3 g/L in mature milk. The results show that HMO concentrations differ largely for each individual HMO and vary with lactation stages. For instance, while 2′-FL significantly decreased from colostrum (3.18 g/L ± 0.9) to late milk (1.64 g/L ± 0.67), 3-FL showed a significant increase from colostrum (0.37 g/L ± 0.1) to late milk (0.92 g/L ± 0.5). Although pooled human milk contains a diverse HMO profile with more than 200 structures identified, the top 10 individual HMOs make up over 70% of total HMO concentration. In mature pooled human milk, the top 15 HMOs in decreasing order of magnitude are 2′-FL, LNDFH-I (DFLNT), LNFP-I, LNFP-II, LNT, 3-FL, 6′-SL, DSLNT, LNnT, DFL (LDFT), FDS-LNH, LNFP-III, 3′-SL, LST c, and TF-LNH.

scholarly journals The Effect of Consumer Attitude toward Functional Food on Package Attributes and Ingestion Intention; Focused on Garlic

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.33) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Hyun Kyoung Kim ◽  
Hyun Jeong Kim ◽  
Su Jong Cha
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Consumer Attitude ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of prior knowledge and preference of garlic on the ingestion intention and selecting package attributes of garlic functional food. Surveys were conducted to verify the purpose of the study. One-way ANOVA was performed for data analysis; the following conclusions were reached.First, the prior knowledge and preference of garlic have a significant impact on the intention to ingest garlic functional food. Second, the prior knowledge and preference of garlic have a significant impact on the attitude toward package properties of garlic functional food.However, it was confirmed that the preference for garlic was a more significant influence on the selection of garlic functional food and garlic food packaging than the prior knowledge on the benefit of garlic. So this study casts significant implications for the marketing of functional food with strong flavors such as garlic.  

PSVI-6 Thresholds of Outdoor Temperatures on Fertility Measures of Different Parity Sows in Spanish Herds

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 217-217
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Iida ◽  
Carlos Piñeiro ◽  
Yuzo Koketsu
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Mating Interval ◽  
Ventilation Rates ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Farrowing Rate

Abstract High temperature is one of the environmental factors which impair sow fertility such as weaning-to-first-mating interval (WMI) and farrowing rate especially in parity 1 sows. The objective of this study was to explore thresholds of temperature damaging fertility in different parity sows. Data of sows serviced from 2011 to 2016 in 142 herds were coordinated with daily maximum temperature (Tmax) from 31 weather stations close to the herds. A two-stage approach was used to determine the best fit model. In the first stage, means and their variance-covariance matrix in each degree Celsius were estimated by a mixed model. Then, piecewise models with a different breakpoint were fitted to the estimates by generalized least squares. Medians of WMI in parity 1 and 2 or higher sows were 5 and 4 days, respectively. Farrowing rates in different parity sows were 85.0–88.7%. The thresholds of mean Tmax during lactation leading to a prolonged WMI were 16 and 23–25°C for parity 1 and 2 higher sows, respectively. The 10°C increase in Tmax from the thresholds delayed WMI in parity 1 and 2 or higher sows by 0.62 and 0.46–0.49 days, respectively (P &lt; 0.01). Meanwhile, the thresholds of mean Tmax from 21 to 14 days before service leading to reductions in farrowing rate were 21, 19 and 21–22°C for parity 0, 1 and 2 or higher sows, respectively. As the Tmax increased by 10°C from the thresholds, farrowing rate in parity 0–1 and 2 or higher sows decreased by 2.9 and 2.2–2.6%, respectively (P &lt; 0.01). Lactating sows in parity 1 suffered from heat stress at a relatively low outdoor temperature. This implies that the temperature is warmer in lactating barns than in outdoor. We recommend changing thermostat set at barns in spring from those in winter in order to increase ventilation rates earlier.

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