scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN CHILDREN WITH ALLERGIC DISEASES AND VARIOUS BODY WEIGHT

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-206
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Mazurina ◽  
O. V. Maksimova ◽  
V. B. Gervazieva
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Body Weights

The data of the bacteriological study of the intestinal microbiota in children with allergic diseases and various body weights are presented. A total of 106 children were examined, including 58 with allergic diseases (bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis). All children were divided into groups, depending on the weight of the body, taking into account the gender and age of the child. Allergic pathology and obesity were established to be interrelated in different ways with changes in the number of obligate and facultative microbiota of children. Allergic diseases in children are associated with a decreased number of Bacteroides spp. and the presence of S. aureus and Bacillus sp., regardless of body weight. Obesity, in turn, is characterized by a decrease in Bacteroides spp., especially in healthy children, and an increase in the number of Clostridium sp., regardless of the presence of allergies. The obtained data testify to the role of microorganisms in the etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases, the key link of which is chronic systemic inflammation.

L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Y. Jung ◽  
Sung C. Jun ◽  
Un J. Chang ◽  
Hyung J. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

Recent Advances in Obesity: The Role of Turmeric Tuber and Its Metabolites in the Prophylaxis and Therapeutical Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4837-4853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Jarząb ◽  
Wirginia Kukula-Koch
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Important Health ◽  
High Concern

Background: Obesity in the 21st century society became an important health problem, alarming both the scientists and medicine doctors around the world. That is why, the search for new drug candidates capable to reduce the body weight is of high concern. Objective: This contribution tends to collect current findings on the biochemistry of obesity and on the application of plants and in particular turmeric tuber – a commonly used spice - as an anti-obesity agent. Methods: Following an introduction on the biochemical characteristics of obesity, the description of Curcuma secondary metabolites, their pharmacological applications and a study on the plants’ regulatory properties in obesity was summarized. Particular attention was paid to curcumin – the major metabolite present in the extracts of Curcuma spp., which is known to exhibit a variety of pharmacological actions. Also, the characteristics of some semisynthetic analogues of this ferulic acid derivative, characterized by a higher polarity and better bioavailability will be discussed. Results: Numerous scientific papers treat on the influence of turmeric on weight loss. Additionally, some of them describe its anti-inflammatory properties. Conclusions: This important spice tends to fight the 21st century plague, which is an excessive weight gain, related to the development of metabolic syndrome, to the occurrence of cardiovascular problems and diabetes, and, in consequence, leading to a significant shortening of life span. As herein proven, the extracts of turmeric play an important role in the regulation of inflammatory reactions which are evoked in the overweight patients, helping them reduce the excess body weight.

Roux-en-Y Gastrointestinal Bypass Promotes Activation of TGR5 and Peptide YY

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1262-1267
Author(s):  
Haojun Yang ◽  
Hanyang Liu ◽  
YuWen Jiao ◽  
Jun Qian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bypass ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Background: G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) is involved in a number of metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the role of TGR5 after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP). Methods: Wild type and TGR5 knockout mice (tgr5-/-) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish the obesity model. GBP was performed. The changes in body weight and food intake were measured. The levels of TGR5 and peptide YY (PYY) were evaluated by RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Moreover, the L-cells were separated from wild type and tgr5-/- mice. The levels of PYY in L-cells were evaluated by ELISA. Results: The body weights were significantly decreased after GBP in wild type mice (p<0.05), but not tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). Food intake was reduced after GBP in wild type mice, but also not significantly affected in tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). The levels of PYY were significantly increased after GBP compared with the sham group (p<0.05); however, in tgr5-/- mice the expression of PYY was not significantly affected (p>0.05). After INT-777 stimulation in L-cells obtained from murine intestines, the levels of PYY were significantly increased in L-cells tgr5+/+ (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that GBP up-regulated the expression of TGR5 in murine intestines, and increased the levels of PYY, which further reduced food intake and decreased the body weight.

Seasonal changes in pancreatic B-cell function in euthermic yellow-bellied marmots

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (2) ◽  
pp. R159-R165 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Florant ◽  
A. K. Lawrence ◽  
K. Williams ◽  
W. A. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pancreatic B Cell ◽  
Peripheral Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
System Input

Fasting plasma insulin (PI) and glucose (PG) concentrations were measured throughout the body weight cycle of marmots. Animals gained weight during summer, and in late fall body weight peaked, after which they ceased feeding. Each month euthermic animals were injected intra-arterially with either dextrose (500 mg/kg) or porcine insulin (0.1 U/kg), and blood samples were collected over the subsequent 2 h. During weight gain fasting PI concentration and pancreatic B-cell response to injected dextrose increased markedly. Maximal insulin release to a dextrose challenge was measured during peak body weight or when body weight initially began to decline. The PG concentration after exogenous insulin administration was slight (less than 10%) in the fall but increased approximately 25% in the spring after marmots lost weight. Basal PG levels were not significantly different throughout the year. Basal fasting PI concentrations were significantly higher during the fall (P less than 0.01). It is suggested that in the fall, when marmots are obese, hyperinsulinemia and peripheral insulin resistance appear. Furthermore, in two animals with an increase in body weight of approximately 30% or less over the summer, peripheral resistance was demonstrable, albeit not as marked as in animals that appropriately doubled their body weights when given food ad libitum. Thus we hypothesize that factors other than adiposity, i.e., food intake, central nervous system input to the pancreatic B-cell, and/or changes in B-cell sensitivity to PG, may contribute to the observed peripheral insulin resistance and may be involved in body weight regulation.

scholarly journals Composition of the human foetus

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharad V. Apte ◽  
Leela Iyengar
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Foetus ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Ca:P Ratio

1. The body composition was determined of forty-one fetuses of different gestational ages born to mothers belonging to a low socio-economic group of the population.2. With increasing gestational age the water content fell from 88% at 28 weeks to 76% at term; the fat content increased from 2.1% to 11.2% and the protein content increased from 6.9 to 9.3%.3. The changes in body composition were more closely related to body-weight than to gestational age.4. The calcium, Phosphorus and magnesium contents of the body per unit fat-free weight progressively increased with gestational age, and at term the values appeared to be considerably lower than those reported in the literature. The Ca:P ratio was constant at different body-weights.5. The body iron content per unit of fat-free weight increased marginally with increasing gestational age. The value was almost 30% lower than the values reported from elsewhere.6. It is suggested that chemical composition and nutrient stores of the developing foetus can be considerably influenced by the state of maternal nutrition.

Effect of Changes in Ambient Temperature on Spontaneous Activity, Food Intake and Body Weight of Goldthioglucose-Obese and Nonobese Mice

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Fregly ◽  
N. B. Marshall ◽  
J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Body Weights

Goldthioglucose-obese mice cannot adjust their food intake to meet the increased energy requirements due to cold. At all ambient temperatures above 15°C the spontaneous running activity of these animals is less than that observed for nonobese controls. Activity of obese mice is maximal at 19°C and minimal at 15°C or lower. Body weights decrease during exposure to cold. In contrast to that of obese mice, running activity of nonobese controls is maximal at an ambient temperature of 25°C but nearly ceases at 15°C or lower. The food intake of these animals increases in the cold and remains elevated even at temperatures at which activity decreases. The body weight of nonobese controls is either maintained constant or increases during exposure to cold air.

A note on annual reproductive rhythm in Marwari sheep of the Rajasthan Desert in India

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Mittal ◽  
P. K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Western India ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
North Western

ABSTRACTSeasonal fluctuations in oestrous activity and live weight were studied in ewes of the Marwari breed indigenous to the Rajasthan Desert in north-western India. Of the ewes examined 80 to 100% were in oestrus every month of the year, indicating thereby the non-seasonality of female reproductive activity in this breed. On average, each ewe exhibited heat 18 times a year. The incidence of silent heats was low (4·2 %). The average length of an oestrous cycle was 17 days, while the actual period of oestrus varied from 24 to 48 h with an average of 36 h. No seasonal effect on these activities could be observed. The maximum and minimum body weights of the animals were recorded during the autumn (October) and summer (June) months respectively. The body weights differed significantly (P<0·05) between months. Sexual activity in these animals is, therefore, apparently not affected by changes in body weight. The continuous nature of oestrous activity in Marwari sheep may be economically exploited by regulating the lambing season according o t the prevailing ecological conditions and market demands, without the use of hormones.

scholarly journals Role of Nutritive Factors in Infants Sleep Management

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Tatiana V. Turti ◽  
Irina A. Belyaeva ◽  
Elena P. Bombardirova ◽  
Pavel E. Sadchikov ◽  
Alexander Y. Nagonov
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sleep Management ◽  
Nocturnal Awakening ◽  
Sleep Schedule ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Crucial Part

The organized infant’s sleep schedule is the crucial part of normal individual development. On the contrary, restless sleep, nocturnal awakening, long wakefulness can lead to deviations in physical, psychomotor, and cognitive development. Feeding schedule organized according to the time of a day and circadian rhythms (chrono-nutrition concept) can be useful for prevention and correction of such disorders. You are aware of the effect of such factors as feeding before night's sleep, nutrition at dark time of a day, diet enriched with triptophane and nucleotides, on the maturation and consolidation of infants sleep. The correlation between intestinal microbiota and factors affecting the circadian and metabolic activity of the body are presented: day-night cycles, sleep and wake, diet and nutrition. Targeted regulation of the intestinal microbiota through products enriched with functional components (prebiotics) can lead to the development of healthy sleep in infants via axis “brain – intestine – microbiota”.

scholarly journals A Triple Threat? The Role of Diet, Nutrition, and the Microbiota in T1D Pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma E. Hamilton-Williams ◽  
Graciela L. Lorca ◽  
Jill M. Norris ◽  
Jessica L. Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Beta Cell ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Islet Autoimmunity ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
And Function

In recent years the role of the intestinal microbiota in health and disease has come to the forefront of medical research. Alterations in the intestinal microbiota and several of its features have been linked to numerous diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). To date, studies in animal models of T1D, as well as studies in human subjects, have linked several intestinal microbiota alterations with T1D pathogenesis. Features that are most often linked with T1D pathogenesis include decreased microbial diversity, the relative abundance of specific strains of individual microbes, and altered metabolite production. Alterations in these features as well as others have provided insight into T1D pathogenesis and shed light on the potential mechanism by which the microbiota plays a role in T1D pathogenesis, yet the underlying factors leading to these alterations remains unknown. One potential mechanism for alteration of the microbiota is through diet and nutrition. Previous studies have shown associations of diet with islet autoimmunity, but a direct contributing factor has yet to be identified. Diet, through introduction of antigens and alteration of the composition and function of the microbiota, may elicit the immune system to produce autoreactive responses that result in the destruction of the beta cells. Here, we review the evidence associating diet induced changes in the intestinal microbiota and their contribution to T1D pathogenesis. We further provide a roadmap for determining the effect of diet and other modifiable factors on the entire microbiota ecosystem, including its impact on both immune and beta cell function, as it relates to T1D. A greater understanding of the complex interactions between the intestinal microbiota and several interacting systems in the body (immune, intestinal integrity and function, metabolism, beta cell function, etc.) may provide scientifically rational approaches to prevent development of T1D and other childhood immune and allergic diseases and biomarkers to evaluate the efficacy of interventions.

scholarly journals Disparities in the body, chest, and wing morphometric among three subspecies of local male chickens for genetic breeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012012
Author(s):  
H D Putranto ◽  
Nurmeiliasari ◽  
Y Yumiati ◽  
A M Nur
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Security ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genetic Breeding ◽  
Wing Span ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Local Chickens

Abstract Local chickens in developing countries, including Indonesia, have great potential to be developed into natural superior breeds to support food security and improve farmer welfare. Meanwhile, the major endemic subspecies found in the Bengkulu province are burgo and kampung chicken, as well as ketarras which are recently bred intensively. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the disparities in the morphometrics of three subspecies of local male chickens specifically on the body weight, length, chest girth and length, as well as wing span. Based on the results, the male burgo chicken morphometrical size was significantly smaller than ketarras, while the ketarras chicken was significantly smaller than kampung (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the average body weights for the burgo, ketarras and kampung chicken were 1.0, 1.2 and 1.9 kg cock-1, respectively, while the average of body length, chest and chest length, as well as wing span were 29.9, 40.0, 47.7 cm cock-1; 26.2, 30.1, 36.3 cm cock-1; 12.6, 17.8, 20.3 cm cock-1, and 34.4, 41.9, 55.9 cm cock-1, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that the burgo and kampung chicken have the smallest and biggest morphometric sizes respectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document