Barriers to Hiring and Accommodating People With Disabilities in Small and Medium Sized Businesses: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. JARC-D-20-00013
Author(s):  
Theresa Sepulveda
Keyword(s):  
Social Research ◽  
Rehabilitation Counseling ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Rehabilitation Service ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Individuals With Disabilities ◽  
Scoping Literature Review ◽  
Service Agencies ◽  
Scoping Studies

Research has found that small and medium sized businesses are less likely to hire, retain and offer job accommodations to people with disabilities than larger companies. Since small to midsize businesses employ almost half of the nation's workforce, this may be an underutilized source of employment for people with disabilities. A scoping literature review using Arksey and O'Malley's framework (Arksey, H., & O'Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616) was used to investigate two questions: What are the barriers to hiring individuals with disabilities in small and medium sized businesses? And what are the barriers to job accommodations and retention of individuals with disabilities in small and medium sized businesses? Five themes emerged; cost associated with hiring and accommodating, stereotypes/stigma, employer policies and practices, engagement with rehabilitation service agencies, and Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)/disability legislation. The findings uncovered several barriers. Small and medium sized businesses were more likely to be concerned about costs, less likely to engage in rehabilitation services, and have diversity policies in place and had less favorable attitudes toward people with disabilities and ADA legislation. Limitations, and implications for rehabilitation counseling, and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals A Focus Group Study to Understand the Perspectives of Physiotherapists on Barriers and Facilitators to Advancing Rehabilitation in Low-Resource and Conflict Settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12020
Author(s):  
Cornelia Anne Barth ◽  
Maggie Donovan-Hall ◽  
Catherine Blake ◽  
Noor Jahan Akhtar ◽  
Joseph Martial Capo-Chichi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Workforce Development ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Rehabilitation Service ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Focus Group Study ◽  
Low Resource

Physiotherapy as a health profession is continuously evolving in high-income countries (HIC). The highest burden of disease globally, however, is in low-resource and conflict contexts (LR-CC), resulting in unmet rehabilitation needs. Rehabilitation service models from HIC often face challenges when applied to the fragile health systems of LR-CC. It is important to engage rehabilitation experts living and working in LR-CC to guide service development. This study aims to understand physiotherapists’ views and perspectives of current rehabilitation services, of how these services can be strengthened over the next 10 years and of the role of physiotherapy within this development. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 31 physiotherapists from 18 LR-CC using English as a common language. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was guided by thematic analysis. Participants provided deep insights into the complexity of developing rehabilitation services within fragile health systems. Participants agreed that physiotherapy lacked recognition and resources to be utilised effectively. Interacting themes as crucial prerequisites for strengthening the sector included (1) significance of context, (2) professional identity, and (3) professionalisation supported by workforce development and advocacy. These results are an important evidence base for informing the development of rehabilitation programmes in LR-CC and for future research.

Rehabilitation Counselor Supervisors’ Perceptions of Counselor Professional Dispositions for Rural Service Delivery

2020 ◽  
pp. 003435522094079
Author(s):  
Trenton J. Landon ◽  
Scott A. Sabella ◽  
Michelle McKnight-Lizotte ◽  
Charles Bernacchio
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rehabilitation Counseling ◽  
Rehabilitation Service ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Professional Attitude ◽  
Professional Dispositions ◽  
Rural Rehabilitation ◽  
Counselor Supervisors

Professional dispositions are recognized as a fundamental to counselor professional practice, but this construct remains largely undefined. This qualitative study explored the professional dispositions that rehabilitation counselors should demonstrate for effective service delivery, particularly within rural areas. The researchers conducted semi-structured interviews to gather perspectives on the conceptualization and identification of professional dispositions in the field. Participants for this study were practicing rehabilitation counseling supervisors ( n = 14) from five states and largely represented state/federal vocational rehabilitation agencies ( n= 12). A preliminary, field-driven definition of the term professional disposition is presented, and primary dispositional categories are identified. Findings indicated three major dispositional themes that are necessary and generalizable to rehabilitation service delivery: traditional rehabilitation counseling values, professional attitude and conduct, and ethically principled behavior. A theme discrete to rural rehabilitation is also identified, community oriented. These domains reflect a focus on the client, the agency, and the community. The concept of ethically principled practice was a bridging theme that connects and is interwoven across the three main themes. Implications for practice and future research suggestions are also discussed.

Siblings of Individuals with Disabilities: Experiences in Southern India

2020 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2096079
Author(s):  
Rebecca Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special School ◽  
Individuals With Disabilities ◽  
Research Opportunities ◽  
Positive Experiences

This exploratory qualitative study explores the experiences of the siblings of individuals with disabilities in Southern India. Five siblings of students attending one special school were recruited to participate in the study using the method of auto-photography. Participants were asked to take photographs of what it is like to have a sibling with a disability. Grounded theory was utilized in the qualitative analysis of transcribed interviews processing the photographs. Participants endorsed six positive themes. Cultural and religious misperceptions of disabilities and subsequent themes of shame and rejection were not found. The findings of this study found positive experiences of siblings of people with disabilities and may provide tentative support for local anecdotal reports of increased acceptance of people with disabilities, opening the door to future research opportunities in this area.

scholarly journals A Review on Human–AI Interaction in Machine Learning and Insights for Medical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2121
Author(s):  
Mansoureh Maadi ◽  
Hadi Akbarzadeh Khorshidi ◽  
Uwe Aickelin
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computational Power ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Interactive Machine Learning ◽  
Human In The Loop ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Scoping Literature Review ◽  
Domain Expertise ◽  
Expertise Level

Objective: To provide a human–Artificial Intelligence (AI) interaction review for Machine Learning (ML) applications to inform how to best combine both human domain expertise and computational power of ML methods. The review focuses on the medical field, as the medical ML application literature highlights a special necessity of medical experts collaborating with ML approaches. Methods: A scoping literature review is performed on Scopus and Google Scholar using the terms “human in the loop”, “human in the loop machine learning”, and “interactive machine learning”. Peer-reviewed papers published from 2015 to 2020 are included in our review. Results: We design four questions to investigate and describe human–AI interaction in ML applications. These questions are “Why should humans be in the loop?”, “Where does human–AI interaction occur in the ML processes?”, “Who are the humans in the loop?”, and “How do humans interact with ML in Human-In-the-Loop ML (HILML)?”. To answer the first question, we describe three main reasons regarding the importance of human involvement in ML applications. To address the second question, human–AI interaction is investigated in three main algorithmic stages: 1. data producing and pre-processing; 2. ML modelling; and 3. ML evaluation and refinement. The importance of the expertise level of the humans in human–AI interaction is described to answer the third question. The number of human interactions in HILML is grouped into three categories to address the fourth question. We conclude the paper by offering a discussion on open opportunities for future research in HILML.

Assessing employers’ stigmatizing attitudes toward people with disabilities: A brief report

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jill Bezyak ◽  
Kanako Iwanaga ◽  
Erin Moser ◽  
Fong Chan
Keyword(s):  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Individuals With Disabilities ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Stigmatizing Attitudes ◽  
Areas Of Concern ◽  
Unidimensional Structure

BACKGROUND: People with disabilities are one of the most marginalized groups in society, and having a disability significantly increases the likelihood of unemployment or underemployment. The reluctance to hire individuals with disabilities is significantly influenced by the longstanding, negative stereotypes of people with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: To better understand employers’ negative attitudes toward individuals with disabilities, assessment tools must properly capture factors contributing to this stigma. METHODS: The Employers’ Stigmatizing Attitudes toward People with Disabilities Scale (ESATPD) was validated in the current study. RESULTS: Results of the exploratory factor analysis indicate a strong, unidimensional structure of the scale accounting for 47.14% of the total variance with a sample. The single ESATPD factor was labeled employment stigma. In addition, higher levels of employers’ stigma were related to negative attitudes toward disability, decreased support of recruitment efforts, as well as decreased intentions of hiring people with disabilities. CONCLUSION: Results support the implementation of tailored interventions directed at specific areas of concern for employers and employees in hiring positions.

Implementation of Pre–Employment Transition Services: A Content Analysis of Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act State Plans

2021 ◽  
pp. 216514342199302
Author(s):  
Joshua P. Taylor ◽  
Holly N. Whittenburg ◽  
Magen Rooney-Kron ◽  
Tonya Gokita ◽  
Stephanie J. Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Transition Services ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Youth With Disabilities ◽  
Individuals With Disabilities ◽  
Integrated Employment ◽  
Employment Transition ◽  
Workforce Innovation

Many youth with disabilities experience persistently low rates of competitive integrated employment (CIE) and participation in higher education. In 2014, the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) established a policy focus on CIE as the goal of vocational services for youth and individuals with disabilities. In addition, WIOA created provision for Pre–Employment Transition Services (Pre-ETS) to ensure that state vocational rehabilitation (VR) agencies focused sufficient resources toward transition-age youth. This study examined a sample of WIOA State Implementation Plans in depth using content analysis to identify how state VR agencies prioritized the provision of Pre-ETS services to youth with disabilities. Analysis of state plans resulted in three emergent themes: (a) instructional priorities, (b) instructional contexts, and (c) networks of stakeholders. We discuss the implications of these themes for future research, policy, and practice related to the employment of individuals with disabilities.

scholarly journals “A child with autism only has one childhood”: main themes and questions for research from the “Digital Bubbles” seminar series

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Parsons ◽  
Nicola Yuill ◽  
Mark Brosnan ◽  
Judith Good
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Responsible Innovation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Community Stakeholders ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
Seminar Series ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Main Ideas

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the main messages and key questions for further research arising from the seven-seminar series entitled, “Innovative technologies for autism: critical reflections on digital bubbles”, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council in the UK. Design/methodology/approach A synthesis of the main ideas is presented, drawing on the presentations, discussions, participant feedback, and short papers from across the seminar series, which took place between November 2014-2016. Findings There were many positive examples where technologies were positioned and used as facilitative “bridges” between ideas, communities, understanding, and experiences. Researchers and community stakeholders also emphasised the importance of taking different perspectives and working in stronger partnerships with each other. Four overarching research questions were developed from these themes to provide a roadmap for future research, relating to: responsible innovation, technology-enabled social interaction, learning and pedagogy, and engagement. Originality/value The findings and methodologies produced by the Digital Bubbles seminar series, available on the project website (http://digitalbubbles.org.uk/) and in a series of short papers, provide a rich repository of state-of-the-art thinking in the field of autism and technology that is being utilised nationally and internationally in teaching and learning. This paper suggests some valuable future research directions and highlights the importance of establishing and maintaining multi-disciplinary research teams, with autistic people and their families at their core.

The Edwards' Report and the International Relations profession

1988 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Science Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Science Community

The Economic and Social Research Council recently published a Report commissioned from a committee chaired by Professor Edwards, a psychiatrist, so that the Council, and the social science community in general, might know what was good and bad in British social sciences, and where the promising future research opportunities lie over the next decade. Boldly called ‘Horizons and Opportunities in the Social Sciences’, the Report condensed the wisdom of social scientists, both British and foreign, and concludes with a broadly but not uncritically favourable picture of the British scene.

The Role of the Pediatrician in Implementing the Americans With Disabilities Act: Subject Review

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-148
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
American Academy ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Americans With Disabilities Act ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Reasonable Accommodation ◽  
Individuals With Disabilities ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Counseling Adolescents ◽  
Recreational Programs

In this statement, the American Academy of Pediatrics reaffirms the importance of the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA), which guarantees people with disabilities certain rights to enable them to participate more fully in their communities. Pediatricians need to know about the ADA provisions to be able to educate and counsel their patients and patients' families appropriately. The ADA mandates changes to our environment, including reasonable accommodation to the needs of individuals with disabilities, which has application to schools, hospitals, physician offices, community businesses, and recreational programs. Pediatricians should be a resource to their community by providing information about the ADA and the special needs of their patients, assisting with devising reasonable accommodation, and counseling adolescents about their expanded opportunities under the ADA.

A Social–Ecological Analysis of the Self-Determination Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 496-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karrie A. Shogren
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Factors ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Social Ecological

Abstract This paper uses a social–ecological lens to examine self-determination research, attempting to organize what is known (and unknown) about contextual factors that have the potential to impact the development and expression of self-determined behavior in people with disabilities across multiple ecological systems. Identifying and categorizing the contextual factors that researchers suggest influence self-determination have the potential to allow for the development of a framework that promotes systematic consideration of contextual factors when designing, implementing, and evaluating supports to promote self-determination. Directions for future research and practice are discussed.

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