The migration component in the demographic development of Russia in the post-war period (1951–2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
Leonid Rybakovsky ◽  
Vladimir Savinkov ◽  
Natalia Kozhevnikova
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Demographic Dynamics ◽  
Growth Decline ◽  
Migration Potential ◽  
Natural Movement ◽  
Post War ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Migration Component

The article discusses possible combinations of the impact on the dynamics of the population of migration growth (decline) and natural decline (increase). Variants of combinations with the corresponding values of natural and migration movements are shown using examples of the demographic dynamics of Russia. Reliable information about the migration movement of the population refers only to the time that began in the 50s. It is distributed over periods that differ in the nature of the impact of the reproductive and migration components on demographic dynamics. During these periods spanning seventy years, the country's population increased by almost 44 million. In the first 25 years, there was a migration decline, more than offset by natural population growth. Then migration, along with natural movement, acted as a component of population dynamics. Due to natural growth, the population increased to the 1951 level. by 33.8 million people. The migration component accounted for 10.6 million people. Their ratio was 3/4 to 1/4. It is shown that in the second half of the tenth years of the twenty-first century, Russia entered a difficult demographic time for it, aggravated by the fact that by now in the new abroad the migration potential oriented towards Russia has significantly decreased

scholarly journals Demographic and social degradation in the Lubelskie Voivodeship as a peripheral area of East Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (41) ◽  
pp. 7-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Flaga ◽  
Monika Wesołowska
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Peripheral Area ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
Natural Movement ◽  
Regional Factors ◽  
Post War ◽  
And Migration

Abstract Eastern regions of Poland are regarded as areas where numerous unfavourable socio-economic phenomena appear and accumulate. These are the results of historical conditions as well as post-war border localization and various processes, primarily in terms of economy. The consequences of the political transformation of the state in the 1990s and profound social and economic changes in recent decades are also crucial drivers of many disadvantageous changes in the region. The article shows population processes which can be recognized nowadays in Eastern Poland, and the attention of the authors is focused on the peripheral rural areas of the region. General tendencies reported in the text are based on the cases from the Lubelskie Voivodeship where concentration of the demographic and social problems is particularly noticeable. The analyses comprise changes of population growth and its components (natural movement and migration), population structures as well as some characteristics concerning the quality and conditions of inhabitants’ lives. The main causes of negative processes shaping the population, including domestic, regional and micro-regional factors, are also presented. The final part of the article deals with the most important outcomes of population changes which are reflected in the progressing ageing of society, the decline of villages and social infrastructure, among other facts. These unfavourable phenomena are shown in the context of the future development of the region.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and ethnic homogenization of population in Serbia

2011 ◽  
pp. 381-394
Author(s):  
Nada Raduski
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Natural Movement ◽  
National Affiliation ◽  
The Impact

In the article is going to presented the ethnic picture of the population of the Serbia and the ethnodemographic changes in period 1991-2002, caused by migration, natural movement, changed declaration on national affiliation, as well as some political and socio-economic factors. Ethnocentric migrations (voluntary and forced) primarily influenced on the change of ethnic structure of the Serbia, in the sense of creating nationally more homogeneous region, having in mind the national structure of refugee- population. On the other side, the emigration of some other nationalities which migrated to their mother countries due to political and economic reasons influenced on the ethnic structure, too. Spatial distribution of population according to nationality is an important aspect of demographic development conditioned primarily by ethnically differentiated natural growth and migrations, but also with the impact of numerous other factors. In Serbia is present an exceptional concentration and homogenization of population of certain nationalities. Due to specific territorial distribution and ethnic domination of relevant national minorities in border parts of the country, the question of their status and territorial-political organization gives special severity and significance to the minority question in Serbia. Having in mind that Serbia is a multiethnic and multiconfessional state, the protection of minorities rights and good inter-ethnic relations are necessary for peace, stability and democratic development of the Serbia and the Balkans region.

scholarly journals Trends and factors of the demographic development of Tver oblast in the 20th — early 21st centuries

POPULATION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-143
Author(s):  
Oleg Rybakovsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Tver Oblast ◽  
The Past ◽  
Population Exchange ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Age Pyramid ◽  
Post War ◽  
And Migration

The article summarizes the reproductive and migration development of one of the most demographically-disadvantaged regions of Russia — Tver oblast, where depopulation has been taking place for more than 50 years. Thus, in 30 years, from January 1989 to January 2019, the population of Tver oblast, as well as its population in working age, decreased by 1.3 times, the number of women of the most active reproductive age (20-39 years) — by 1.5 times. The factors of this negative process are substantiated in the article. First, during the War of 1941-1945 this territory was occupied for three years and became the site of some of the bloodiest battles of this war, including the Battle of Rzhev. Second, from the region in the pre-revolutionary and post-war Soviet times actively went the settlement of the rear and suburban regions, first of all, North European and Asian Russia. Third, the region is on the way between the two main migration recipients («magnets») of Russia — the Moscow and Leningrad macroregions, and its population is steadily decreasing due to outflow to two capitals. The article reveals the extent of demographic, including migration, losses of the region in the later Soviet and post-Soviet times. The circle of the closest migration partners of Tver oblast and the nature of population exchange with them are identified. Changes in the direction and closeness of the region's migration links over the past fifty years have been investigated. The origin of structural waves in the sex-age pyramid of Tver oblast for a century has been substantiated. It is argued to what demographic structural and socio-economic consequences such development of the region has led to. It is concluded about the place and prospects of Tver oblast and its population in modern market economy Russia.

The Transformation of Kosovar Holidays between Socialism, War and Migration. A Biographical Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cord Pagenstecher
Keyword(s):  
Transnational Migration ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Tourist Behavior ◽  
Biographical Approach ◽  
Biographical Study ◽  
Post War ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cross System

AbstractThis paper studies the transformative character of tourism and travel for a small, but multi-facetted example: Kosovo is a post-socialist transformation society and a post-war country in the process of nation building, a developing country within Europe and a transnational migration society. With quantitative data being unreliable in such contexts, an exemplary, biographical study allows an analysis of cross-system transformations and continuities. Based on narrative interviews, the paper studies travel patterns and narratives of an Albanian woman (anonymized here as Zana Bajrami) from socialist rural Yugoslavia in the 1970s to migratory Europe in the 2000s. After a general introduction, the paper considers public and private tourism in Yugoslavia first, before focusing on the impact of migration on tourist behavior. In trying to contextualize an individual example, it also explores the potential of a biographical approach in tourism research.

scholarly journals Demographic problems of the industrial cities of Irkutsk Region in the 1990s

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Tatyana Petrovna Urozhaeva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Industrial Cities ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Single Industry ◽  
Natural Movement ◽  
And Migration

The author analyzes the problems of demographic development of industrial cities of the Angara area (Priangarye) in the 1990s. In particular, it focuses on the negative trends in the natural movement and migration of the urban population, which, in turn, led to depopulation. Distribution of municipal formations of the Irkutsk region in the total value of the mortality rate allows you to detect only the most general trends. The minimum level of total mortality was recorded in the south-eastern and central parts of the region, as well as in most large and medium cities. The highest values of total mortality rates were observed in the northern areas of the region and a number of rural and single-industry towns in central and eastern part of the region. Mostly, it's economically depressed municipalities with single-industry economy. According to the author, the causes of demographic instability in many industrial cities were laid during the Soviet period and were associated with the practice of attracting population and populating areas of new industrial development. The economic crisis and the aggravation of social problems in the 1990s seriously complicated demographic development of the urban population in the region. The demographic crisis of the 1990s could have been significantly smoothed over, if the federal and regional authorities had taken steps to stop the steady depopulation. In the context of the collapse of the political system demographic policy for many years had been pushed into the background. As a result, the demographic crisis, which takes root in the 1980s, fully manifested itself at the regional level in the first post-soviet decade.

New York Amish, 2nd Edition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Johnson-Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
New York State ◽  
First Century ◽  
York State ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Settlement Areas

Tracing Amish settlement in New York from the nineteenth century to the twenty-first century, this book draws on more than thirty years of participant-observation, interviews, and archival research to introduce the Amish to their non-Amish neighbors. In the last decade, New York State has had the fastest-growing Amish population, and this book highlights the diversity of Amish settlement there and the contribution of New York's Amish to the state's rich cultural heritage. This second edition updates settlement areas to acknowledge recently established communities and to demonstrate the impact of growth, schism, and migration on existing settlements. In addition, chapters treating external and internal challenges to Amish settlement and the challenges Amish settlement poses to neighboring non-Amish communities have been updated, and a new chapter looks to the future of New York's Amish. All maps have been updated, and a new map showing all of New York's Amish communities has been added.

The impact of regional express trains from Moscow on population mobility

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
A. A. Romashina
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
Speed Increase ◽  
Settlement Structure ◽  
Migration Potential ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The paper is concerned with settlement system transformation in response to transport speed increase and changing the conditions of commuting. The article discusses the role of the individual spatial mobility as a part of settlement structure by the example of directions from Moscow to Tver’, Nizhny Novgorod, Orel, Belgorod, Kursk, where projects of significant railroad speed increase were operated in the 2010s. Transport accessibility improvement between Moscow and listed regional centers, caused by the launch of regional express trains, changed the spatial behavior of the inhabitants of these regions. The study of settlement structure transformation in response to transport connection speed increase was based on dynamics data of various types of trains passenger flows and the results of sociological surveys of regional express trains passengers. Conclusions are drawn about the role of commuting in the settlement structure and the factors of their transformation, depending on the speed characteristics, existing settlement structure and other geographical characteristics of the territory. The influence of these factors was different on the considered directions. Some of mentioned projects affected intra- (Tver’) and inter-agglomeration mobility (Nizhny Novgorod). Some cities (Oryol, Kursk, Belgorod) are characterized by small effects on commuting due to it’s sensitivity to the distance from Moscow and migration potential.

scholarly journals Population dynamics of Russian regions and its components in 1959–2017

POPULATION ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-20
Author(s):  
Oleg Rybakovsky ◽  
Olga Tayunova
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Far East ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Demographic Dynamics ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Post War ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The article deals with the demographic dynamics of the regions of Russia during the post-war Soviet period since 1959, and in the post-Soviet period of 1991–2017. It identifies the basic factors of demographic development of the country’s regions in these two historical periods. There is presented the grouping p of regions by the level of demographic dynamics and the ratio of two main components — reproduction and migration, are highlighted the leaders of demographic growth and problem regions. The authors show the dynamics of geopolitically significant territories of Russia, primarily in the Far East. They stress that in the post-war period, up to the collapse of the USSR, the demographic development of the majority of Russian regions was provided mainly at the expense of inner resources, i. e. due to natural population growth. The same is true for geopolitically significant outlying territories of the Far East, Siberia and the European North, where in 1970–1990 almost 7/8 of the total population growth was formed due to natural population growth and only 1/8 — due to migration from other regions of Russia, as well as from the former republics of the USSR. There is made a conclusion that to change radically the demographic situation in the Far East “de facto” only with immigration of compatriots, as is being done now, is not possible. To solve this problem, it’s necessary to use all demographic «leverage» — fertility, interregional migration, immigration of both compatriots and (selectively) representatives of the titular peoples of the former Soviet republics, as well as temporary (labor and educational) migration as a potential of permanent migration.

METHODICAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPING TOOLKIT MODELING AND INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR THE FORMATION OF FORECASTS OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
M.M. NIZAMUTDINOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Model Complex ◽  
Natural Movement ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
The Impact

According to Rosstat for 2020, the population of Russia as a result of its natural movement decreased by 688.7 thousand people. If the birth rate in relation to 2019 decreased by 3.0%, then mortality increased by 17.9%. For many regions of the country (oddly enough, in the first place of its European part), the situation turned out to be even more difficult. At the same time, heterogeneous factors had an impact on each other - a change in the age structure of the population, the COVID-19 pandemic, a decrease in real income, etc. Under these conditions, the problem of obtaining accurate predictive assessments of the situation development in order to develop government policies to improve it is updated. Objectively necessary is the introduction of relevant information systems built on the basis of integrated economic and mathematical models. In this regard, the article discusses the development and application of modern tools for analyzing and predicting the development of territorial systems, including demographic aspects. It is indicated that a significant factor is the development of the social infrastructure of the territory. A system of criteria and indicators are proposed to assess the impact of its level of development on demographic processes. In particular, areas such as health care, education, culture and leisure, housing, trade and services are considered. An approach to the formation of integral indicators in various areas of life of society and an example of developing regression equations based on them is presented. It is noted that in different regions of the country, the degree of influence of the level of development of social infrastructure on demographic processes may differ significantly, which requires accounting within the framework of the model being formed. The possibility and need to build a decision support system based on the obtained model complex and is defined by such a toolkit in the strategic development management system of the region. The key stages of developing tools are described. The results obtained can be used as part of modeling changes in the demographic potential of regions in the context of the transformation of the territorial settlement system.

White Heat

2018 ◽  
pp. 25-57
Author(s):  
Steven McKevitt
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
New Right ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 1 looks at consumption, consumerism, and the emergence of the consumer society in Britain at the end of the twentieth century. It draws out the main academic debates concerning consumption and its evolving role in society and explores changes in work, leisure, gender roles, family life, and living standards in the UK in the twentieth century. There follows an examination of the impact of the New Right and its ideology in Britain in the 1980s and 1990s and also the renaissance in popular culture from the 1970s, which not only helped to drive the expansion of the mass media but was also fueled by it. It concludes with an analysis of arguments presented by critics of affluence from the post-war period to the early twenty-first century. There is particular emphasis on the role of persuasion within market economies.

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