scholarly journals Репрезентация страха смерти в произведениях современной русской литературы о войне

2018 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 481-493
Author(s):  
Maiia Polekhina
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Eternal Life ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Real Possibility ◽  
Culture History ◽  
The Face ◽  
Modern War ◽  
Existential Issues ◽  
Natural Life

Representation of the fear of deathin modern Russian war literatureThis article is focusing on one of the relevant problems of modern war prose, “people in the face of death” through the lens of anthropology and culture history. The concept of war itself is accompanied with a discussion of a number of existential issues, the fear of death in war is reviewed as the state in which a human recognizes the real possibility of his non-existence, something that absorbs and disintegrates the human. The fear of non-existence in this case is not a result of thoughts of natural life cycle, but of the recognition of inevitability of one’s demise as living through one’s own finality, eschatology. The constant presence of the Reaper in war changes the protagonists worldview, shows the fragility of human life, makes them live every moment differently and at the same time devalues life in and of itself. This is what makes the issue of human behaviour at Death’s door relevant. Each and every instance of encountering death creates different reactions, however, the fear of non-existence, its measurement or lack thereof is an indicative of individuality, readiness in the wake of eternity. The opposition of existence and non-existence is expanded through defining a specific and described category of non-existence, which is presented as a special kind of Death’s cultural ontology, the roots of which go into Russian modernism, albeit without characteristic romanticizing of it. Dominant in such mortality are the fear of “the void”, “finality of all being”, bearing in the context of modern prose a diverse spectrum of axiological connotations. The fear of non-existence is also viewed from the point of being afraid of being God-forsaken in case of a global historic disaster, which can only be combatted with recognition of infinite universe and infinity of one’s inner universe, of eternal life and of endless mercy of God.Репрезентацiя страху смертіутворах сучасної російської літератури про війнуУ статті розглядається одна з актуальних проблем сучасної прози про війну: особистість перед обличчям смерті в культурно-історичному та антропологічному контексті. Концепт „війна”, повязаний з осмисленням цілого ряду екзистенціальних проблем, страх смерті на війні досліджується як стан, в якому людина усвідомлює можливість свого не-буття, як дещо поглинаюче і розвтiлюче в людині людину. Страх не-буття породжується не думкою людини про те, що все має тимчасовий характер, а його усвідомленням неминучості власної загибелі, це пережита людиною власна кінцівка, есхатологія. Відчуття постійної присутності смерті на війні змінює уявлення героїв про світ, показує крихкість людського життя, змушує по-особливому відчувати кожну його мить і одночасно знецінює життя як акт існування. Тому так гостро постає питання про поведінку людини перед обличчям смерті. Кожен факт зіткнення індивідуума зі смертю породжує різні реакції, але страх не-буття, його міра або його відсутність уявляє собою маркер індивідуальності, її готовності зустрічі з вічністю. Характер опозиції буття — не-буття поширюється за рахунок введеної і маркованої графічно категорії не-буття, що постає особливим типом культурної онтології смерті, витоки якого криються в російському модернізмi, однак без характерної для нього романтизації. Домінантами такого типу мортальності є страх порожнечі, кінцівки всього сущого, що володіють в контексті сучасної прози різноманітним спектром аксиологiчних конотацій. Страх не-буття розглядається як страх богооставленостi людини в ситуації глобальної історичної катастрофи, протистояння з яким можливо через усвідомлення нескінченності світу і людини, через віру у вічне життя, в безмежну милість Бога.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Fear of Death Between Neuroticism and Anxiety During the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Núria Pérez-Mengual ◽  
Inmaculada Aragonés-Barbera ◽  
Carmen Moret-Tatay ◽  
Adoración Reyes Moliner-Albero
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
The Face ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anxiety And Fear

After a lockdown, particularly one where human life is at risk, there are expected to be psychological consequences. The examination of personality traits, where different adaptative and non-adaptative behaviors in the face of adversity are expected, is our interest. The aim of this research was to analyze the role fear of personal death played during the Covid-19 outbreak in relation to personality and anxiety. The main results can be described as follows: women displayed higher scores on anxiety and fear of personal death; gender, fear of personal death, neuroticism, and extraversion predicted anxiety; in men, the fear of personal death mediated the relationship between neuroticism and anxiety.

scholarly journals Brain Activation during Thoughts of One’s Own Death and Its Linear and Curvilinear Correlations with Fear of Death in Elderly Individuals: An fMRI Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanan Hirano ◽  
Kentaro Oba ◽  
Toshiki Saito ◽  
Shohei Yamazaki ◽  
Ryuta Kawashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activation ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Negative Linear Correlation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
Existential Issues

Abstract Facing one’s own death and managing the fear of death are important existential issues, particularly in older populations. Although recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have investigated brain responses to death-related stimuli, none has examined whether this brain activation was specific to one’s own death or how it was related to dispositional fear of death. In this study, during fMRI, 34 elderly participants (aged, 60–72 years) were presented with either death-related or death-unrelated negative words and asked to evaluate the relevance of these words to the “self” or the “other.” The results showed that only the left supplementary motor area (SMA) was selectively activated during self-relevant judgments of death-related words. Regression analyses of the effect of fear of death on brain activation during death-related thoughts identified a significant negative linear correlation in the right supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and an inverted-U-shaped correlation in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) only during self-relevant judgments. Our results suggest potential involvement of the SMA in the existential aspect of thoughts of death. The distinct fear-of-death-dependent responses in the SMG and PCC may reflect fear-associated distancing of the physical self and the processing of death-related thoughts as a self-relevant future agenda, respectively.

PHILOSOPHY AND THE MEANING OF LIFE

Think ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (60) ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
William Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Eternal Life ◽  
Evolution Of The Universe ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
The Universe

The author sets out to respond to the student complaint that ‘Philosophy did not answer “the big questions”’, in particular the question ‘What is the meaning of life?’ The response first outlines and evaluates the most common religious answer, that human life is given a meaning by God who created us and informs us that this life is just the pilgrim way to the next eternal life in heaven. He then discusses the response that, from the point of view of post-Darwinian science and the evolution of the universe and all that is in it, human life on Earth must be afforded no more meaning than the meaning we would give to a microscopic planaria or to some creature on another planet in a distant universe. All things including human creatures on Planet Earth just exist for a time and that is that. There is no plan or purpose. In the last sections the author outlines the view that it is we humans ourselves who give meaning to our lives by our choices of values or things that are worth pursuing and through our resulting sense of achievement or the opposite. Nevertheless the question ‘What is the meaning of life?’ can mean quite different things in different contexts, and so merit different if related answers. From one point of view one answer may lie in terms of the love of one human for another.

Until Death Do Us Part and They Upload Us Into Clones: An Analysis of Film Narratives About Mind Uploading and the Myth of Immortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-548
Author(s):  
Anja Zlatović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Eternal Life ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Visual Science ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Tv Show

The fear of death and the myth of immortality are themes long present in various narratives, whether literary or visual. Science fiction as a genre offers us many venues for new explorations of this idea. Mind uploading is one of them. This fictional technique, related to cloning, is performed when the mind and consciousness of a person are transferred to another biological body or machine with the help of technology. In this way, a person continues their social life through their brain functions. This paper looks at four separate recent screen narratives – the movies Self/less, Transcendence, and Replicas, and the episode “Be Right Back” of the TV show Black Mirror. With the help of Tzvetan Todorov’s structural analysis, we find clauses that are present in all of the plots and see what ideas and topics they share. The paper also uses the idea of anthropological reading of science fiction and therefore uses scientific research to analyze these themes. By looking at anthropological findings of immortality, mortality, death in modern society, and digital techniques, we see how the analyzed narratives portray a unique mixture of fear of and longing for all the mentioned processes and ideas. Finally, this paper shows how science fiction could possibly reflect reality – both through presenting thoughts of society and inspiring future technological advances and ideas (in this case, the quest for immortality). While humans are still far from achieving eternal life, the mentioned screen narratives portray the growing stream of ideas that deal with mind uploading in the age of the internet and social media.

Disaster Risk Management Plans in Colombia: General Guidelines for Their Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Alejandra María Díaz-Tamayo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Risk Awareness ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
The Face ◽  
Changes In Risk ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines

Abstract Over the years, Colombia has faced disaster situations that have generated changes in risk management models. These situations have brought suffering, destruction, and loss of human life, but have also served as lessons to develop procedures aimed at minimizing the risks caused by the presence of hazards. The objective of this article is to provide general evidence-based guidelines for formulating disaster risk management plans for each of the 3 action processes: risk awareness, risk reduction, and disaster management in Colombia. These plans can be achieved by preparing responses to different emergencies, which arise from threats in each of the possible scenarios, and are adverse events that alter the normal functioning of entities and communities. The implementation of these prevention strategies will allow communities to respond effectively to emergencies and recover rapidly in the face of adversity.

scholarly journals EXPECTATION AND FEAR: PHILOSOPHICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL PRESAGES OF RUSSIAN TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanjana S. Zlotnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Artistic Creativity ◽  
Revolutionary Era ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Face ◽  
Coming Crisis ◽  
Existential Issues

The article raises the question of foreseeing moral and intellectual, aesthetic and political collisions that could occur after the expected changes at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries. The philosophical and anthropological paradigm of the pre-revolutionary era is defined through metaphors and concepts that attracted the attention of Russian philosophers, representatives of the sphere of artistic creativity: «expectation» (of changes, new people and phenomena) and «fear» (of changes, the unknown). For the analysis, we selected the judgments of prominent philosophers who discovered existential issues and related existential problems of the transition era for their contemporaries: V. Solovyov, V. Rozanov and N. Berdyaev. In V. Solovyov, the problem of waiting is related to the loneliness of a person in the face of global discord. Attention is drawn to the concept of «symptom of the end», to the concepts of crisis and disaster. Loneliness is experienced by the intellectual in anticipation of changes, possibly destructive, so the expectation as a context of loneliness turns into horror. V. Rozanov emphasized the tendency to distance himself from the world, Europe, contemporaries and classics in Russia. In Rozanov's philosophical and journalistic works, the future is not discussed at all because it is impossible to construct it; the past, which might have been the refuge of ideas about the harmony and dignity of life, causes the philosopher's attitude is sometimes even more negative than the present. On the example of the great creators – A. Chekhov, V. Meyerhold, V. Komissarzhevskaya and other contemporaries of N. Berdyaev, the psychoemotional tension from the coming crisis, the horror in anticipation of the coming future is shown. Berdyaev organically raises the question of the border between longing and other conditions (boredom, horror, a sense of emptiness), and the border is existential.

scholarly journals Practical values of Village Libraries and Community Libraries in West Java

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Pawit M Yusuf ◽  
Encang Saepuddin
Keyword(s):  
Positive Response ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Value Of Life ◽  
Social Value ◽  
West Java ◽  
The Public ◽  
Culture History ◽  
The Village

The existence of the village library has a lot of value for the benefit of people's lives, however, the values in question still needs to be expressed more real in people's lives. The purpose of this study is to assess the values held by the village library and the public library in the village in West Java. Social values, the value of life, culture, history, communication and information, education, religion, preservation, symbol of civilization, archives, documentation, the value of continuity of knowledge between generations, and other values inherent to the function of the village library, are some examples of studies the focus of this study. The method used is the direct observation of village libraries and library communities in West Java. There are 13 village libraries sampled in this study. The results of this research illustrates that the presence of libraries in the villages received a positive response from the community at large. Libraries in the village has a lot of value benefits for many aspects of human life in the village. Some of these include social value, historical value, the value of documentation, and other values prevailing in society.

scholarly journals Metaphysics and the Existential Problematic of Human Finitude

Lumen et Vita ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Nutter
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Finite Horizon ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intentional Structure ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Human Finitude

Rather than being of little practical importance, the metaphysical underpinnings of a given horizon determine the character of its existential problematic. With the breakdown of classical metaphysics concomitant with the modern turn to the subjective, the existential problematic of finitude as ultimate horizon arose. According to this subjective turn, the human person can no longer engage the world as though it were in itself constituted by transcendently grounded meaning and value. Standing within this genealogical lineage, Martin Heidegger undertook a phenomenological investigation into the existential constitution of the human person which defines authenticity in terms of finitude. For the early Heidegger, human life is essentially ‘guilty’. This guilt, however, is not the traditional cognizance of one’s sinfulness, but the foundational Nichtigkeit (‘nullity’) of life and its attendant possibilities in the light of the ultimate finality of death. Authenticity, then, consists of a resolute working out of one’s life in the face of such inevitable finality. For the later Heidegger, the finite horizon of a particular epochal disclosure gifts Being to thought and determines it thereby. Authenticity in this case consists of giving oneself over to be appropriated by an event of Being. In contrast, Lonergan understands authenticity as being true to that primordial love which beckons us to intellectual probity and responsibility in working out life’s possibilities. This essay will illustrate how Lonergan’s analysis of the intentional structure of human conscious operations stands as a corrective to Heidegger’s early existential analysis of human being-in-the-world and later thought about Being. While Lonergan defines authenticity as loving openness to transcendent Being, Heidegger, because of his forgetfulness of the subject in her conscious operations, does not allow for a transcendence which stands beyond any finite horizon. 

scholarly journals Study of a solar air conditioning system with ejector

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Ghodbane Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Solar Collector ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
The Face ◽  
Thermal Generator

Air conditioning is one of the indispensable conditions of well-being in human life, so the face of this research to provide this basic necessity in remote areas and in desert places far from power grids. To achieve this goal, solar air conditioning has been adopted, where the compressor was replaced by an ejector, a parabolic trough solar collector and a small pump; this means that the solar air conditioner does not need a huge amount of electrical energy to operate. This paper is studding the thermodynamic cycles of this air conditioner as a function of changing the climatic conditions of Bouzaréah region in Algeria under several practical conditions of heat exchangers (Condenser, Evaporator and Generator). This study will allow the determination of the optical and thermal efficiency of the solar collector used as a solar thermal generator, refrigeration subsystem performance (COPEje) and system thermal ratio of the air conditioner, where the cooling load is estimated at 18 kW.

On the Beach

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
John Beck
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Politics ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Liminal Space ◽  
The Face ◽  
Meaning And Purpose ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Existential Issues

Abstract The phrase “on the beach” originates as naval slang for being between assignments or unemployed and was used as the title for Nevil Shute's bestselling novel of 1957 about the last remaining survivors of a global nuclear conflict as they await their inevitable demise. The novel is about a certain kind of anxious passivity in the face of incomprehensible catastrophe, but it is also a narrative about work and idleness. As such, the idea of being “on the beach” invites consideration of the shore as a liminal space where often conflicting social and existential issues of meaning and purpose are played out. The waves of so-called beach shaming that occurred during the early months of the global coronavirus pandemic have located, yet again, the beach as a key battleground in contemporary cultural politics.

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