Handicraft industry in Tambov Governorate: from military communism to NEP

2021 ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
Georgiy S. Makhrachev
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
New Production ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
Fishing Activity ◽  
Cooperative Movement ◽  
Original Field ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
The Military

We consider the peculiarities of the development of handicraft industry in Tambov Governorate during the military communism and NEP. A decrease in fishing activity is noted during the period of military communism, especially in northern counties. The leather, cobbler and textile industries that were able to meet military needs developed during this period. The process of cooperation between the handicraftsmen began. However, while the original field cooperation was based on local government principles, in 1920 it was transferred to the management of the consumer cooperative society. An interesting phenomenon was the departure of workers from factories to handicraftsmen. During the NEP’s years, there was a revival in the handicraft industry. According to statistics, the number of handicraftsmen in the governorate almost doubled by 1925, but was still smaller than in the pre-reform period. The textile industry was the most developed in the NEP’s years. In 1921, trade cooperation was introduced from the consumer sector and merged into the governorate union of handicraft industry. There was an active work of governorate instructors, who trained handicraftsmen in new production technologies, identified problem areas of cooperation, and strengthened the ties between artels and the county union of handicraft industry. Master classes were also organized for handicraftsmen, and handicraft exhibitions were held. However, the cooperative movement has also faced a number of major problems – lack of sufficient raw materials, delays in supplying goods, poor quality, and disorganized government orders.

scholarly journals The training of production personnel at industrial enterprises of Ulyanovsk region during the Great Patriotic War

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-698
Author(s):  
Evgeniy A. Khapaev ◽  
Ivan A. Chukanov
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
The Military

On the basis of previously unstudied archival documents this article reveals the multifaceted and multidimensional activities which the country’s top leadership as well as the leaders of the Middle Volga (Samara) region and Ulyanovsk district (from 1943 renamed Ulyanovsk region) unfolded for mobilizing work force for the military industry of Ulyanovsk region. In the shortest possible time, just within one year, under conditions of shortage in housing, production areas, raw materials, and skilled personnel, they managed not only to redirect practically all industrial enterprises in the city of Ulyanovsk and the Ulyanovsk district towards the war eff ort, but also to integrate several dozens of evacuated enterprises, to provide them with production areas, and to accommodate thousands of employees as well as their family members. By the summer of 1942, all these enterprises had started to work at full capacity; they considerably increased deliveries of all things needed at the front, thus making a considerable contribution to ensuring a radical change in the course of the war in 1943. The authors conclude that this success resulted from the eff ective work of central and local authorities, as well as of the directorates of the defense enterprises, in the fi eld of training of highly skilled specialists. New vocational schools were set up, in addition to technical schools and production classes at general schools. Moreover, successful measures were taken to motivate the youth for highly productive work. The authors emphasize that the heads of the enterprises organized eff ective training directly at the workplaces. The work with production staff was accompanied by well-organized ideological and educational work at the enterprises which in due time allowed to prevent provocations aimed at disrupting the military production in this critical period of the war. In particular, the article points to the successful management of the textile industry and cloth factories for increasing labor productivity and establishing labor discipline in teams.

scholarly journals Additive Manufacturing and Augmented Reality as New Production Technologies in the Aviation Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-330
Author(s):  
M. G. Yevtodyeva
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
New Production ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
The Military

Abstract: The image of the global aviation industry is dramatically changing. This derives in the first instance from dynamic development of the military and civil aircraft market, where a significant growth in demand and an increase in airliner deliveries over the next 15 years by at least 80% was forecasted. Aircraft manufacturers' revenues in services business, including maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) are boosting, too. All this provide favorable conditions for the development of new production technologies in the aviation sector, including Additive Manufacturing (AM) and Augmented Reality (AR). Though the research and development in the field of AM an AR began in the 1980s, only in the last decade AM and AR technologies have reached the necessary level of maturity to be widely used in design, manufacturing and assembly processes in aeronautics, including civil and military aircraft. There are good prospects for their use in aircraft’ maintenance, repair and overhaul as well.  The transition from the initial period of formation of AM and AR technologies to the stage of technological growth and rapid development of relevant markets is evidenced by a number of factors. First of all, they include establishment of "dominant" technological designs based on AM and AR (certified additive production methods, new materials based on AM and machines for their production, special Augmented Reality headsets, etc.), as well as beginning of serial production of many AM-components and AR-platforms for the aviation industry. The participation of major aircraft manufacturers such as Boeing and Airbus in AM and AR R&D projects, the formation of "new" supply chains, the development of public-private partnerships (e.g. NAMII in the U.S.), as well as the formation of consortia and alliances of companies that develop and produce systems and parts for aircraft based on additive technologies and augmented reality, are also indicators of the transition to a new stage of development of these technologies and markets.

scholarly journals Development and application of a spectrophotometric method in quality evaluation of benzimidazole anthelminthics in Nairobi city county

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnson K. Murage ◽  
Beatrice K. Amugune ◽  
Peter Njogu ◽  
Stanley Ndwigah
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Market Surveillance

Abstract Background Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of communicable diseases which are prevalent in the tropics affecting more than one billion people. Treatment and prevention of these infections is very costly to developing economies. Helminthiases are classified among NTDs. The communities afflicted are poor and have limited access to essential resources for their livelihood. Poor-quality drugs for NTDs may lead to death or prolonged treatment without achieving the desired results. The limited resources used in purchasing poor-quality drugs will therefore be wasted instead of being put to good use. Most of the methods available for the analysis of benzimidazole anthelminthics utilize high-performance liquid chromatography. They are therefore time consuming, require sophisticated and expensive equipment, utilize rare and expensive reagents and solvents, and call for skilled personnel. A simple, rapid, and inexpensive ultraviolet spectrophotometric method of analysis would therefore come in handy especially in the analysis of many samples as occurs during post-authorization market surveillance for quality. Results The suitable solvent for the spectroscopic analysis was established as 0.1 M methanolic HCl. The wavelength of analysis was set at 294 nm. Upon validation, the method was found to have good linearity. The range over which linearity was established was way beyond the 80 to 120% of the working concentration specified by the ICH. The method exhibited good precision. Out of 32 commercial samples analyzed, five (15.6%) did not comply with compendial specifications. Intra-brand batch variation was also observed. Out of three batches of product A002T analyzed, one did not comply with compendial specifications. Conclusion A major limitation in the analysis of benzimidazole anthelminthics is the lack of reliable, simple, rapid, and low-cost methods of analysis with high throughput. The developed method serves to fill this gap. It can be used in the analysis of raw materials and finished products. It can also be used in the establishment of the quality of products prior to registration. The method will prove very useful in post-market surveillance of quality of benzimidazole anthelminthics.

Opportunities for digitalization of quality management systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
S.V. Alexandrova ◽  
◽  
V.A. Vasiliev ◽  
M.N. Alexandrov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Iso 9001 ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
New Production ◽  
Quality Management Systems ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Monitoring And Measurement

In the context of digitalization, the functioning of the QMS necessitates the development and application of qualitatively new management technologies, as well as fundamentally new production technologies. Science is faced with the question of studying the main ways of developing the QMS, determining its place and role in modern conditions and realities, including the use of digital technologies. The article defines the sections of the QMS (GOST R ISO 9001-2015), in which digital technologies can and should be implemented: clause 8.3 Design and development of products and services, clause 8.4. Production of products and provision of services, p. 7.1.5 Resources for monitoring and measurement, p. 9.3. Management analysis.

scholarly journals Innovations in the Forest Products Industry: The Malaysian Experience

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jegatheswaran RATNASINGAM ◽  
Lim Tau WAI ◽  
Ganesh THANASEGARAN ◽  
Florin IORAS ◽  
Cristina VACALIE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Forest Products Industry ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Government ◽  
Market Needs

The forest products industry is an important socioeconomic sector to many developing countries, both in terms of foreign exchange earnings and employment. In the case of Malaysia, the industry has been one of the fastest growing manufacturing sectors in the country, driven primarily by comparative advantages derived from factor inputs. However, with increasing competition from other cheaper producing nations particularly China and Vietnam, the Malaysian forest products industry is forced to transform and move along the value-chain through innovation and value-addition. Although the government has played a pivotal role in providing a broad policy framework to support value-adding and innovative activities, success on the ground has been limited. The creativity environment, which is plagued with by low-wage economy, coupled with limited network between research, market and industrial enterprises have stifled innovation within the industry. The lack of information and the poor quality human capital has also contributed to the limited innovation within the forest products industry in the country. Against this background, most innovation within the industry is confined to the realms of alternative raw materials, with minimal technological and design variations. Although extensive research and development activities are undertaken, the commercialization potential of the research outputs is limited due to being not market-driven. Inevitably, innovation in the forest products sector must be based on market-needs and must be driven through technological and design change in order to ensure long-term competitiveness.

scholarly journals THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CONSUMERS COOPERATIVE SOCIETY IN PROVISIONING OF COLLECTIVE FARM PEASANTRY OF ALTAI LAND IN THE YEARS OF WORLD WAR II: IN TERMS OF POTTERY AND MANUFACTURE OF WOODEN SOLE BOOTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Tat’yana K. Shcheglova ◽  
Aleksey V Rykov
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Soviet System ◽  
World War ◽  
Collective Farm ◽  
Cooperative Society

The war between Nazi Germany and the USSR caused drastic changes in the Soviet system of distribution of goods. Reorientation of factories on military contracts led to diminishing of the centralised production of goods for consumers in rear areas. As a result, consumers cooperative society started to play an important role. The article considers the problems of consumers cooperative society and local enterprises which were its major suppliers. Through the example of pottery and manufacture of wooden sole boots diffi culties of reorganisation of enterprises in the context of war are revealed. The problems of interaction of local enterprises and consumers cooperative society are considered. In conclusion, the author points out that the major problem of reorganisation of enterprises in the context of war was the shortage of raw materials and the signifi cant factor of development was hand-crafted character of anufacturing. A certain problem was created by the reluctance of enterprises to deliver their production at artifi cially low state prices and its poor quality. The consequence of that was the decrease of signifi cance of consumers cooperative society and the increase of the ratio of market trade in provisioning of collective farm peasantry.

scholarly journals US security provision under Joe Biden: A preliminary reconstruction of national strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-373
Author(s):  
Vitalii E. Boldyrev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
The State ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Holistic Model ◽  
Global System ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Future Strategy ◽  
The Military

The article proposes a new understanding of the phenomenon of security as the desire of the state to achieve the most favourable trajectory of development under existing constraints. The concept of a favourable trajectory depends on objective factors and its subjective interpretations that are fixed in strategies and programs. In order to make these interpretations systematic and form a holistic model consisting of them, a new algorithm for strategical and program documents has been developed. According to the algorithm, every priority should be marked by code (or its combination) which corresponds to one of the subsystems of the global system and its component to create a database. The analysis of the database makes it possible to isolate problems whose relevance was artificially overestimated prior to elections, to forecast the directions of sequestration of their priorities, to determine the degree of continuity, to rank areas of the policy, to identify probable interconnections among them and to predict the foundations of a promising strategy. In regard to Biden’s program, the algorithm made it possible to achieve the following results. It was revealed that the program is more a succession to Trump’s strategy than innovative. The priority of the economic, social and financial spheres was artificially overestimated and the degree of their importance will be reduced after Biden’s inauguration. Economic, energy and legal spheres will be the cornerstones of Biden’s future strategy. Cyber, raw materials and technological subsystems will be assigned the role of drivers of development. Their successful functioning will be dependent on the dynamics of the military and agricultural sectors. In turn, demographic, trade, financial and credit, civil, humanitarian and cultural subsystems will acquire a more subordinate position and their role will be determined by the solution of specific issues. At the same time, it is difficult to determine the concrete positions and roles of future social and ecological policies because they had been overdeveloped or unclearly prioritized in the electoral program.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF IMPORT FACILITIES FOR EXPORT PURPOSES, EXCHANGE RATES, AND INFLATION ON EXPORTS OF TEXTILES AND TEXTILE PRODUCTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-38
Author(s):  
Mohammad Fachrudin ◽  
Indah Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Fiscal Incentives ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
The Government

The Import Facility for Export Purpose (KITE) is the Government's effort to encourage export performance. Companies that receive the KITE facility obtain fiscal incentives and export their product to import raw materials. The textile and textile product (TPT) industry is a strategic industry and has been determined by the Government as a pilot industry in the Roadmap for Making Indonesia 4.0. The textile industry relies on imported raw materials, so that the KITE facility is needed to encourage growth and increase product competitiveness in the international market. This study aims to determine the effect of the KITE facility, the rupiah exchange rate against the U.S. dollar, and the inflation rate on Indonesia's textile exports. We used a sample of 37 industrial textile companies in Indonesia that received the KITE facility  2016 to 2018. This study uses a panel data regression model with independent variables: KITE facility, exchange rates, inflation, and exported dependent variable. The results showed that the KITE facility had a positive and significant effect on the textile industry exports. In contrast, the exchange rate and inflation had a negative and significant impact on Indonesia's textile industry exports. This study's implications for the Government can be used to formulate a national strategy to increase export.

scholarly journals The Effects of rural income project on silk exports and livelihood of smallholder producers in Gatsibo District, Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiola Ogunlusi ◽  
Olanrewaju Olaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Cocoon Production ◽  
Income Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Smallholder Producers

Abstract Sericulture has been seen in Rwanda as an opportunity for increasing raw materials for the textile industry. Therefore, it has provided a new source of income, reduced unemployment and most likely to improve the livelihood status of poor sericulture smallholder producers by increasing their income earnings. The high yield in silk production has been pleasing due to the favourable climatic conditions for mulberry cultivation, sericulture has been seen as a potential tool to reduce poverty and also to generate foreign exchanges from exportation. The broad objective of this paper focuses on the impact of the livelihood status of smallholder producers in Rwanda. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were employed in selecting 286 sericulture households’ farmers in Gatsibo district. Data for this study were analysed using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, paired-samples t-test, cross-tabulation and chi-square test of independence. The results of this study showed clearly a significant improvement in the livelihood of the farmers. It was gathered that 82% asserted there are organized markets available for silk exportation. 77% affirmed an improvement in their income status. The average level of income per year from cocoon production among the farmers was estimated to be $ 227.59. It is of topmost priority for this program to continue because its effect has a very positive impact on the livelihood status of the beneficiaries. Farmers should be provided with continuous training, access to credits. If sustained properly it will resolve future challenges and springs more opportunities for farmers and likewise to the country through exports.

scholarly journals The Effects of rural income project on silk exports and livelihood of smallholder producers in Gatsibo District, Rwanda.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiola Ogunlusi ◽  
Olanrewaju Olaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Cocoon Production ◽  
Income Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Smallholder Producers

Abstract Sericulture has been seen in Rwanda as an opportunity for increasing raw materials for the textile industry. Therefore, it has provided a new source of income, reduced unemployment and most likely to improve the livelihood status of poor sericulture smallholder producers by increasing their income earnings. The high yield in silk production has been pleasing due to the favourable climatic conditions for mulberry cultivation, sericulture has been seen as a potential tool to reduce poverty and also to generate foreign exchanges from exportation. The broad objective of this paper focuses on the impact of the livelihood status of smallholder producers in Rwanda. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were employed in selecting 286 sericulture households’ farmers in Gatsibo district. Data for this study were analysed using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, paired-samples t-test, cross-tabulation and chi-square test of independence. The results of this study showed clearly a significant improvement in the livelihood of the farmers. It was gathered that 82% asserted there are organized markets available for silk exportation. 77% affirmed an improvement in their income status. The average level of income per year from cocoon production among the farmers was estimated to be $227.59. It is of topmost priority for this program to continue because its effect has a very positive impact on the livelihood status of the beneficiaries. Farmers should be provided with continuous training, access to credits. If sustained properly it will resolve future challenges and springs more opportunities for farmers and likewise to the country through exports.

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