Physical development, component body composition, actual nutrition, energy balance of overweight and obese students

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Dmitriy V. MAKSINEV
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Daily Energy

The aim of the study: to research the prevalence of overweight and obesity, the features of physical development, the type of physique, the component composition of the body of students, their dependence on the energy balance and the actual nutrition of students with overweight syndrome. Material and methods: we carried out the study on the basis of Derzhavin Tambov State University. We examined 128 young men aged 18–22 years. The anthropometric program included the determination of 25 features, measured according to the standard methodology using the automated complex of CMD “Healthy Child.” Diagnosis of overweight syndrome and obesity was by body mass index. We carried out an estimation of actual power supply and power consumption by frequency method with subsequent application of computer program ”Analysis of human power supply state” (version 1.2.4) of the Main Research Institute of RAMS Power Supply. The results: we noted a high frequency of overweight (41,4 %) and obesity (23,4 %) among the examined young men, with hyperstenic physique type, excess body weight was among 58,5 %, and obesity among 73,3 % of students. An excess of the energy value of the diet over daily energy consumption, which was due to an increased number of fats due to saturated fatty acids, proteins and easily digestible carbohydrates characterizes nutrition in overweight syndrome. A decrease in the proportion of skinny body weight and muscle mass contributed to a decrease in daily energy consumption in overweight syndrome. We established an imbalance of macronutrients, leading to the development of abdominal obesity. The energy value and chemical composition of the diet did not affect the incidence of overweight and obesity in students with different types of physique.

Effect of actual nutrition and energy consumption on physical development, component composition of the body and formation of nutritional status of 18–20 years old female students with excess body weight syndrome

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-28
Author(s):  
Dmitriy V. MAKSINEV ◽  
Valeriy B. MAKSIMENKO
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Program Analysis ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Frequency Method

The aim of the study is to study the characteristics of the influence of actual nutrition and energy consumption among young girls on the emergence and development of overweight and obesity. Materials and methods . We carried out the study on the basis of the Medical Institute of Derzhavin Tambov State University. We examined 236 girls aged 18-22; studied somatometric features of physical development, body weight components; evaluated physique, actual nutrition and energy consumption. The somatometric program included the determination of 25 signs measured according to the standard method using the automated complex CMD “Healthy Child” (TVES Russia). The diagnosis of overweight syndrome, which included overweight and obese girls, was performed by body mass index. Evaluation of actual power supply and power consumption was carried out by frequency method with subsequent application of computer program “Analysis of human power supply condition” (version 1.2.4) of State Department of Scientific and Research Institute of Power Supply of RAMN. Statistical results were processed using SPSS Statistics (version 17.0). We assessed the accuracy of the differences using the Student and Mann-Whitney criteria. Results . Among girls with overweight syndrome there is a reliable increase in body weight due to fat, preferential subcutaneous and a decrease in the relative value of skinny body weight and muscle weight. Their daily energy rates did not differ from the level of control, but they spent 1 less energy per 1 kg of body weight. The calorie content and chemical composition of the diet of girls with overweight syndrome was mostly not reliably different from female students with normal body weight. Odeveloped under normostenic and hypersthenic physique types. Discussion . Energy consumption, including physical load, is a factor of overweight syndrome formation among female students and anthropometric signs of this syndrome should control its application.

scholarly journals Motor activity of students of modern education institutions: biomedical and physiological-hygienic aspects of its assessment and optimization

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
I. V. Serheta ◽  
I. L. Drezhenkova ◽  
N. V. Stoyan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The Body ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Daily Cycle ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Scientific Substantiation

One of the key problems of modern biomedical anthropology is the scientific substantiation of the prerequisites for the formation of a healthy lifestyle, the introduction of health-saving technologies that take into account its, psychophysiological and personality features. The aim of the study is biomedical and physiological and hygienic assessment of motor activity of students of modern institutions of higher education and scientific substantiation of ways of its optimization. 385 students aged 19 to 21 were under observation during the research. As quantitative criteria for assessing motor activity, the values of daily energy consumption, the number of locomotions in a daily cycle and the duration of the dynamic component in the daily budget of time were used. The qualitative description of the values of motor activity was carried out on the basis of studying the main types of locomotives and their distribution patterns with the allocation of zones of minimal (hypokinesia), optimal (normokinesia) and maximum (hyperkinesia) values. The statistical analysis of the received materials provided for the application of the standard package of applications “Statistica 6.1”. As the norms of motor activity of modern students, the following indicators are determined: daily energy consumption values – 9000-11000 kJ for young women and 11000-13500 kJ for young men; number of locomotions in a daily cycle – 14000-18000 steps for young women and 15000-19000 steps for young men; the duration of the dynamic component in the daily budget time – 130-180 minutes in young women and 140-190 minutes in young men. Among the leading ways of optimizing motor activity are: the implementation of continuous monitoring and individualized integrated assessment of habitual motor activity; taking into account the norms of motor activity of student youth, which provide a beneficial effect on the processes of formation of their health and adaptive capacity of the body of future specialists and the mandatory achievement of their values; development and implementation of a set of measures aimed at optimizing motor activity and rational organization of motor activity of modern students.

Influence of actual nutrition, energotrate, somatotype on formation of protein-energy insufficiency syndrome among Tambov female students aged 18-22 years

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Essedulla M. OSMANOV ◽  
Dmitriy V. MAKSINEV ◽  
Valeriy B. MAKSIMENKO
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Program Analysis ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Frequency Method ◽  
Protein Energy

The purpose of the study: to study the peculiarities of the influence of nutrition, energotrate, somatotype on the formation of anthropometric syndrome protein-energy insufficiency (SPEI) among female students. Material and methods: we examined 236 girls at the age of 18-22. We studied anthropometric features of physical development, body weight components, actual nutrition and energy resources. We evaluated the 25 of somatometric signs measured using the automated complex «Healthy Child» (TVES, Russia). Diagnosis of SBEN syndrome happened by body-weight index (BWI). We carried out evaluation of actual power supply and power consumption by frequency method with subsequent application of computer program «Analysis of human power supply condition» (version 1.2.4) of Scientific Research Institute of Nutrition. Results: girls with SPEI have significantly reduced morphological status, including component composition of body weight, compared to the control group. Girls with SPEI have a decrease in daily energy consumption against the background of similar levels of energy value of diets and consumption of basic nutrients compared to the control group. One of the main factors in the formation of girls' SPEI is constitutional: 95.6 % of them are asthenics. Discussion: Energy consumption, including physical load, and nutrition are regulated factors of formation of female students' SPEI and somatometric signs of this syndrome should control their usage. Whereas hereditary factors determine somatotype and the mechanisms of its influence on physical development require in-depth study.

Psychosocial Consequences of Body Weight and Obesity

2018 ◽  
pp. 274-286
Author(s):  
Deborah Carr ◽  
Vera K. Tsenkova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Integrative Health ◽  
Psychosocial Consequences ◽  
Adults And Children

The body weight of U.S. adults and children has risen markedly over the past three decades. The physical health consequences of obesity are widely documented, and emerging research from the Midlife in the United States study and other large-scale surveys reveals the harmful impact of obesity on adults’ psychosocial and interpersonal well-being. This chapter synthesizes recent research on the psychosocial implications of body weight, with attention to explanatory mechanisms and subgroup differences in these patterns. A brief statistical portrait of body weight is provided, documenting rates and correlates of obesity, with a focus on race, gender, and socioeconomic status disparities. The consequences of body weight for three main outcomes are described: institutional and everyday discrimination, interpersonal relationships, and psychological well-being. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the ways that recent integrative health research on the psychosocial consequences of overweight and obesity inform our understanding of population health.

scholarly journals Low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity of children and adolescents from a Brazilian region of low economic status

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dartagnan Pinto Guedes ◽  
Francisléia Nascimento Almeida ◽  
Jaime Tolentino M. Neto ◽  
Maria de Fátima de M. Maia ◽  
Thatiana Maia Tolentino
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Weight Excess

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity in a representative sample of children and adolescents from a Brazilian region with low economic development. METHODS: A total of 982 girls and 986 boys, aged seven to 17 years old and assisted by Segundo Tempo Program, from Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were included in the study. Low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity were defined based on body mass cut-off indexes recommended by the International Obesity Task Force. The prevalence of the nutritional status according to sex and age was compared by chi-square test. RESULTS: In girls, the frequency of low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity was 4.1, 18.4 and 3.8%, respectively; in boys, these percentages were 6.3, 13.2 and 2.9%, respectively. The low body weight/thinness for girls raised from 2.7% (7-10 years old) to 5.5% (15-17 years old); the body weight excess (overweight and obesity) decreased from 30.1 to 16.2% for the same age groups. In boys, the corresponding trends were from 3.2 to 9.4% for low body weight/thinness, and from 23.4 to 9.2%, for body weight excess. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that, even in a region with low economic status, the body weight excess was the main problem associated with nutritional health. The high overweight and obesity prevalence rates indicate the need of public policies for promoting healthy feeding behaviors and physical activity.

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING SUCCESS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN DEPENDING ON THE BODY WEIGHT AT BIRTH

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-188
Author(s):  
Svetlana Trukhina ◽  
Konstantin Anisimov ◽  
Viktor Tsirkin ◽  
Andrey Trukhin ◽  
Svetlana Khlybova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
School Children ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Training Success ◽  
And Training

scholarly journals THE DYNAMICS OF INDICATORS OF THE COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF THE ORGANISM OF SEAMS IN A LONG-AWAY SEA TRACK

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Andriyanov ◽  
V. I. Polyakov ◽  
N. A. Tshukina ◽  
T. I. Subbotina ◽  
I. A. Konovalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Daily Diet

The dynamics of indicators of the component composition of the seamen’s organism of the surface ship of the Navy in the conditions of a long march in interaction with the crew’s feeding habits is considered in the article. The actual nutrition of the surveyed persons was estimated using the calculation method based on the analysis of the chemical composition and energy value of the products of the daily diet, taking into account the culinary losses described in the handbook on the chemical composition and caloric content of Russian foodstuffs edited by V. A. Tutelyan. Standard data on incomplete digestibility by a person of various classes of nutrients are taken into account. In the organization of the actual power supply of the crew there were shortcomings associated with a decrease in the energy value of the ration, an imbalance of mineral and vitamin compounds, due to the actual assortment of products obtained for marching at the rate of sea rations. Estimated content of vitamins (-carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid) and mineral substances (potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron) in the daily diet throughout the long maritime expedition was significantly lower than those regulated by medical and technical requirements the norm of sea rations. Changes that have a nonrandom character occurred according to the indices of abdominal fat: waist circumference and waist-hip index. By the end of the campaign, 71% of the surveyed had a tendency to increase their body weight. At the same time, the body weight increased due to both subcutaneous and abdominal fat, which was reflected in the increase in visceral fat, body fat and body mass index. The data obtained in the course of the work confirm that the existing ration does not need to increase its energy content, but requires improvement in quality composition. Based on the data obtained, it is proposed to increase the protein content in the diet with the reduction of fats and simple carbohydrates using rational substitutions; increase the proportion of fresh fruits and vegetables to improve digestion.

scholarly journals The role and place of bioimpedance analysis assessment of body composition of children and adolescents with different body mass

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya. V. Girsh ◽  
O. A. Gerasimchik
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Bioimpedance Analysis

The steady rise of obesity in children and adolescents emphasizes the need for new, integrated approaches to its diagnosis and therapy. When diagnosing obesity and choosing methods for its correction, it is fundamentally important to use reliable methods of estimating the amount of adipose tissue. Using the body mass index is not always sufficient, since it does not provide complete information on quantitative content in the body weight of the patient’s body. For these purposes in clinical medicine use of bioimpedance analysis to assess the indicators, which characterize the basal metabolism, active cell mass, fat and basirova mass and total water content in the body. However, the holding of bioimpedance body composition analysis is currently limited mainly to dietetics and sports medicine, and adult patients. Quite interesting is the use of the bioimpedance method in the pediatric age group for accurate evaluation of body composition of children of various ages and body weight that will allow for dynamic control of all types of metabolism to evaluate the effectiveness of the observation and treatment of patients with overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals TRAUMATIC DISEASE PECULIARITIES COURSE, ITS DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT AT POLYTRAUMA IN SUFFER OBESE PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
S.D. Khimich ◽  
O. M. Chemerys
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Prognostic Features ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Normal Body Weight

Abstract Introduction. It’s known that the issue of polytrauma is one of the most urgent problems of surgery, and among injured patients a special approach is required for patients with overweight and obesity of varying degrees. Purpose of the study. To study prognostic features of traumatic disease course and to improve the results of diagnostics and surgical treatment of patients with polytrauma suffer obesity. Materials and methods. Clinical material was made up of 106 patients with combined body trauma, which were divided into three groups according to body mass index. Results. The results of the research showed a significant difference in the course of traumatic disease in patients with normal body weight and obesity. In particular, in the process of diagnostics of blunt chest and abdominal trauma the frequency of application of interventional methods of diagnostics was directly proportional to the increase of body mass index. The course of traumatic disease in the obese patients had a number of characteristic features that formed the basis for the development of diagnostics and differential program of treatment. Conclusions. The results of the research showed that the course of traumatic disease in combined injury obese patients is directly proportional to the body mass index and has certain features that differentiate them from patients with normal body weight. Keywords: polytrauma, obesity, traumatic disease, diagnostics, treatment.

scholarly journals Influence of prednisone therapy on physical development of children with nephrotic syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Nastausheva ◽  
E. E. Boeva ◽  
T. G. Zvyagina ◽  
E. N. Kulakova ◽  
N. S. Nastausheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cumulative Dose ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Prednisone Therapy ◽  
Steroid Sensitive ◽  
Relationship Of

THE AIM: to compare the parameters of physical development (PD) in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), depending on the treatment with prednisone.PATIENTS AND METHODS. The effect of treatment with prednisone on PD was analyzed in 60 children with INS aged from 2 to 17 years. The children were divided into 2 groups: 30 children who did not receive prednisone, and 30 children who received it during the last 6 months before the study (1st and 2nd group, respectively). The groups compared the anamnestic parameters and the risk factors of children in terms of length, weight, and body mass index.RESULTS. When comparing the characteristics of the risk factors of children of the above 2 groups, differences in body mass and BMI were established. In children who received prednisone for the last 6 months, body weight and BMI were significantly exceeded compared to WHO standards and similar patients who did not receive prednisone for the last 6 months. We have established a reliable association of the Z-BMI criterion with the cumulative dose of prednisone in the last 6 months: r = 0.49, p <0.05. At the same time, no reliable association of body weight with a cumulative dose of prednisone, which the child received before 6 months, has been identified. When analyzing the effectiveness of different doses of prednisone therapy for stopping relapses in children with steroid-sensitive INS, it was found that the onset and duration of remission did not significantly differ when taking standard (60mg/m2/day or 2 mg/kg/day) and half as much (1mg/kg/day) doses of prednisone.CONCLUSION. The relationship of the body mass of children with INS and the cumulative dose of prednisone in the last 6 months has been established. When treating a recurrent steroid-sensitive non-relapsing INS, a decrease in the daily dose of prednisone from 2 mg/kg/day to 1 mg/kg/day is possible in adolescents who are afraid of steroid obesity or who have had severe complications during previous courses of prednisone therapy.

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