scholarly journals Kebijakan Bea Masuk Impor Barang E-commerce Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Hukum Persaingan Usaha

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2107
Author(s):  
Adelia Rizky Windyaka
Keyword(s):  
Competition Policy ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Import Duty ◽  
Trading Activities ◽  
The Government

AbstractThe government made Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning the prohibition of monopolistic practices and unfair business competition to regulate business actors in carrying out activities related to buying and selling in the market. The birth of this regulation provides a limit for business actors to create healthy business competition. The presence of a platform for online shopping also makes trading activities easier today. The development of this shopping style also affects the number of imported goods that enter Indonesia. There is a policy regarding the setting of the value for import duties on imported goods which has increased from the previous one. The change in the value of this import duty is a step by the government to protect domestic business actors.Keywords: Law; Bussiness competition; Policy; Import.AbstrakPemerintah membuat Undang – Undang Nomor 5 tahun 1999 tentang larangan praktek monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehat untuk mengatur pelaku usaha dalam melakukan kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan jual beli didalam pasar. Lahirnya peraturan ini memberikan batasan bagi pelaku usaha agar menciptakan persaingan usaha yang sehat. Hadirnya platform untuk berbelanja online juga mempermudah kegiatan perdagangan saat ini. Berkembangnya gaya berbelanja ini juga berpengaruh terhadap banyaknya barang impor yang masuk ke Indonesia. Terdapat kebijakan mengenai pengaturan besaran nilai bagi bea masuk barang impor yang mengalami kenaikan dari sebelumnya. Berubahnya nilai bea masuk ini sebagai langkah pemerintah melindungi pelaku usaha domestik.Kata Kunci: Hukum; Persaingan Usaha; Kebijakan; Impor.

scholarly journals flipkart.com’s Strategy on Amazon.com’s Entry into India :A Case Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-143
Author(s):  
Padmanabh B
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Online Retail ◽  
Online Sales ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Government

The online retail industry in India is expected to grow to Rs. 7000 crores by 2015. Its size in 2013 is Rs. 2500 crores. By 2014 India is expected to become the 3rd largest nation of Internet users and this would provide huge potential to the online retail Industry1.Among the major cities in India, consumers in Mumbai topped the chart in doing online shopping followed by Ahmedabad and Delhi2. As per Google study conducted in 2012, 51 percent of the traffic for its Great online shopping festival (GOSF) was due to customers from cities other than the four metros. Referring to the growth in online sales, Nitin Bawankule, industry director, e-commerce, online classifieds and media/entertainment at Google India said, “Top motivators for shopping online include cash back guarantee, cash on delivery, fast delivery, substantial discounts compared to retail, and access to branded products”3.  The E –commerce space in India has seen a lot of action and there are many online players like flipkart.com, Myntra.com, Fabmart, Indiaplaza and Indiatimesshopping. Amazon.com made an indirect entry through Junglee.com. The reason for this indirect entry is the result of government policy towards foreign direct investment.  The Government of India announced in September 2012 the revised foreign direct investment policy in retail. As per this announcement foreign investments are blocked in e-commerce sector while allowing 51 percent FDI in multi-brand retail stores and 100 percent FDI in single brand retail. Amazon has been eyeing the Indian E commerce market which is estimated around $2 billion4.

scholarly journals Illicit Trade in Russian Gold and Silver Coins in West China in 1850's (based on the Materials of the Russian Consul K. A. Skachkov)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
I. R. Hamzin
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
West China ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Trading Activities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chinese Trade ◽  
State Library ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Transportation

The present research featured the illicit trade in Russian gold and silver coins in Xinjiang in the 1850's. The paper focuses on the problems of control and customs services, as well as on the difficulties connected with the trade in Russian goods. The historical analysis was based on the documents written by Konstantin Adrianovich Skachkov, the then Russian Consul in Chuguchak. The materials were obtained from the Research Department of Manuscripts of the Russian State Library. In his report, Consul K. A. Skachkov compared the state of the markets of the Russian-Chinese trade in Chuguchak and Kyakhta. He highlighted the broad prospects for trade development in Xinjiang. The Consul paid great attention to the problems on the young market of Central Asia and proposed some measures to improve the situation. He performed a comparative analysis of the trading activities of a Russian merchant and a smuggler. The analysis makes it possible to reconstruct the trading process, determine the cost of transportation, and formulate the commercial benefit resulting from the legal trade and the contraband trade. K. A. Skachkov concluded that despite the high potential for trade development, the region was torn apart by substantial internal contradictions and demanded greater attention from the government. The illicit trade in Russian coins was caused by the barter trading on the Xinjiang market in 1850's.

scholarly journals DAMPAK NON TARIFF MEASURES (NTMs) TERHADAP EKSPOR UDANG INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Septika Tri Ardiyanti ◽  
Ayu Sinta Saputri
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Import Duty ◽  
Economic Distance ◽  
Export Volume ◽  
The Government ◽  
Export Destination ◽  
The Impact

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak kebijakan non tarif terhadap ekspor udang dan olahannya dari Indonesia. Untuk mengetahui dampak NTM terhadap ekspor, studi ini menggunakan gravity model dengan panel data. Variabel yang digunakan antara lain volume ekspor udang dan olahannya, PDB negara tujuan ekspor, nilai tukar riil, jarak ekonomi, tarif bea masuk dan variabel NTM berupa SPS dan TBT. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa NTM memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap ekspor udang dan olahan udang nasional. Pengenaan TBT di negara tujuan ekspor memiliki dampak negatif yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan SPS. Volume ekspor udang dan olahan ke negara mitra yang menerapkan TBT 30,2% lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan negara yang tidak menerapkan TBT, sementara ekspor ke negara dengan SPS 21,3% lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan negara yang tidak menerapkan SPS. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia belum mampu untuk memenuhi standar dan persyaratan impor yang diterapkan di negara tujuan ekspor. Dengan demikian, pemerintah diharapkan dapat memberikan bantuan bagi para eksportir udang dengan memberikan bantuan informasi pasar serta regulasi yang berlaku di negara tujuan ekspor. Selain itu, pemerintah juga perlu untuk memberikan dukungan sehingga eksportir dapat memenuhi standar dan persyaratan yang berlaku di negara tujuan ekspor. This study aims to analyze the impact of non-tariff policy on shrimp and processed shrimp in Indonesia. To analyze the impact of NTM on Indonesia's shrimp export, this study uses gravity model with panel data. Variables used are export volume of Indonesia’s shrimp and processed shrimp, GDP of export destination countries, real exchange rate, economic distance, import duty and NTM variables (SPS and TBT). This study shows that NTM has  negative impact on shrimp exports. The imposition of TBT in export destination countries has a greater negative impact  on shrimp export c than SPS. The shrimp export volume to the partner countries appliying TBT is 30,2% lower than countries that not applying TBT, while exports to cpuntries imposing SPs is 21,3% lower than countries without SPS. This fact indicates that Indonesia’s exporters has not been able to meet standards and requirements applied by export destination countries. Therefore, the government is expected to provide assistance to the exporters by providing market information, regulation and requirements in export destination country. In addition, the government also needs to provide support so that exporters could meet the standards and requirements applied by export destination countries.

An Empirical Study on the Improvement of R&D Competition Policy for the National R&D Programme

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung Yong Hwang ◽  
Jee Hyun Suh ◽  
Dae Cheol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Current Mode ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Management Evaluation ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
Life Cycle Perspective ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Despite the increase in government spending on R&D in South Korea (hereafter Korea), there have been limits in enhancing the impact and commercialisation of research outcomes. A new approach to the current mode of R&D is considered necessary to tackle this problem. In 2014, Korea implemented a new competition policy on national R&D by designating six R&D programmes from four different government departments as Competition-type R&D. The purpose of this study is to examine the actual conditions for adoption and to further promote early establishment and wide implementation of the new competition policy on national R&D, and identify the ways for improvement. In this study, we have approached the case with a life-cycle perspective of plan–management–evaluation of R&D. Multiple sources of data collection included documents, surveys and unstandardised interviews with the staff members in the government sector organisations and agencies responsible for the national R&D management. Based on the results of the analysis, we bring suggestions on three areas of improvement: (a) materialising suitable projects to enrol in the R&D competition programme; (b) suggesting competition models for each stage of R&D life cycle; and (c) establishing the institutional basis upon which the policy may be widely adopted. Finally, we discuss possible improvements and the limits of this study.

The Demise of the Revenue Farm System in the Federated Malay States

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Butcher
Keyword(s):  
Import Duty ◽  
Total Revenue ◽  
Standard Pattern ◽  
Export Duty ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Taxation System ◽  
Exclusive Right ◽  
Mining Districts ◽  
Farm System

Within the space of a few years a remarkable transformation took place in the taxation system of the Federated Malay States (FMS). Up until the early 1900s the British administration of these states relied, as had the sultans and chiefs from whom the British had taken control in the 1870s, on the revenue farm system for collecting many taxes. Most revenue farms were constituted according to the standard pattern found elsewhere in Southeast Asia at this time and in Europe up to the eighteenth century. The government granted a private contractor, the revenue farmer, the exclusive right to collect a certain tax in a specified area for a set number of years in return for a fixed rent, and the farmer kept for himself any money which he collected over and above what he owed the government in rent. A great variety of taxes were collected in this way. There were farms to collect the export duty on atap, firewood, timber, and rattan; most towns had market farms; and in Perak there was even a ‘farm of river turtle eggs’. But the most important farms were those which profited from what officials referred to as the ‘luxuries and vices’ of the immigrant Chinese community, particularly the workers who mined the tin which was the main source of wealth of these states.These farms were for the collection of the import duty on opium to be consume by Chinese in the mining districts of the interior, the sale of prepared opium (chandu) in coastal districts, the manufacture of spirits and the collection of the import duty on spirits, the right to run pawnshops, and the right to organize public gambling. Next to the export duty on tin, which the government collected itself, the income from these farms was the government's largest source of revenue. In the period 1890-94, 38.8 percent of the total revenue of the four states came from the export duty on tin and about 33 percent from the farms.2 But within the space of a few years the government abolished all the major farms, and by 1913 virtually none of the revenue of the FMS cam from revenue farms.

scholarly journals Assessment of the State of Competition in Ukraine by the Results of a Survey of Domestic Enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
M. POTAPOVA ◽  
V. TALAKH ◽  
L. OPANASENKO
Keyword(s):  
Competition Policy ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Business Executives ◽  
The Government

Formation and implementation of the state competition policy requires a clear understanding of the current state of the competitive environment, and the effectiveness of previous measures taken by the government. The article studies the state of the competitive environment in Ukraine based on the results of a survey of business executives, conducted annually by the Centre of Complex Research in Antimonopoly Policy. Responses of the executives allow assessing the degree of competition in the business environment. The survey finds that in Ukraine domestic competition is more important than competition from foreign companies. Although significant and moderate competition from domestic and foreign firms was felt by 73.5% and 35.3% of respondents, respectively, only 25.6% and 15.1% noted that competition resulted in lower prices and costs. Therefore, nowadays the most acute problem is not so much the presence of competition in domestic markets, but the effectiveness of competition policy. The survey conducted a research of respondents' assessment of the level of dominance in the region using the method of the World Economic Forum. A quarter of respondents said in 2019 that competition policy in their region was partially effective and stimulated competition in individual market segments. The results of the study showed an improvement in the enterprises' evaluation of the effectiveness of the state competition policy, which includes, first of all, the activities of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine. The analysis can be used in the development of competition policy documents.

scholarly journals The Protection of Online Shopping Consumer Rights in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syuib
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Positive Aspect ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Consumer Rights ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Main Instrument ◽  
At Home

As one of the advanced countries in the world, Australia is putting technology as main instrument in dealing with daily activity, included in shopping. Therefore, nowadasys, many Australian rely on online shopping. It seems everything becomes easier when it is dealt online. People do not need to go outside their home and spend their money. What they can merely need is just sit at home and wait for the order. Thus, online shopping can be argued is more effective and efficient in this era. However, beyond this positive aspect, there are also some negative aspects. Among them is the quality of the product. Buyers (consumers) would never see goods or services directly. They only view the products or services through pictures or videos which are available on the website. The problem is, these images and videos might not be as good as reality. The vendors post the high quality pictures and videos on the site merely to attract consumers. Another issue is, difficult to communicate with the seller after buying the product. During the negotiation, it is easy to contact seller, but after the products are sold, majority vendors would “disappear”. Security payment is among on the risk list as well. Therefore, it is interesting to be researched, how the Australian law then protects its society from such risk. The Government claims that the Australian Competition and Consumer (ACC) Act 2010 has become law umbrella in protecting Australian in dealing with online shopping.

scholarly journals DINAMIKA PEREKONOMIAN MASYARKAT MINANGKABAU

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-176
Author(s):  
Siti Aisyah
Keyword(s):  
Lower Class ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Elite Group ◽  
The People ◽  
Trading Activities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Sea Fish

This paper discusses the opportunities and challenges of trade in the rantau Pariaman area during the XIX century because this area was once known as a successful trading community that cannot be matched by its current society. The method used is historical research methods with data techniques through literature study. The success that was obtained was due to the fact that in the region's position it was an important route for world trade, the people were also able to take advantage of opportunities that could facilitate and facilitate them to achieve success during the colonial period. An elite group consisting of village officials and traditional leaders in the Netherlands as regulators in running the government. In addition, the people were able to make local products such as sea fish, salt, and coconut products that were very popular at that time. If viewed from the conditions at that time there were not a few challenges in the community in carrying out trading activities. The condition of the government was not friendly to the interests of the lower class people which resulted in frequent riots with the Dutch, because the people were not satisfied with the Dutch actions that always interfered in their affairs. In addition, the development of transportation tools such as trains and sailboats has made the Pariaman area market less crowded with outside traders and added to the absence of regeneration that can pass on the trade knowledge so that there is no more professional next generation of traders.

scholarly journals Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi : Berdzikirlah dengan Physical Delivery

El Dinar ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Bambang Tutuko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Commodity Futures ◽  
Futures Contracts ◽  
Futures Trading ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Ownership Transfer ◽  
Trading Activities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Commodity Trading ◽  
The One

<p>Commodity Futures Trading in Indonesia is administered by the government under the auspices of the Commodity Futures Trading Supervisory Agency (BAPPEBTI) with the aim of establishing the price of primary commodities (price discovery) and as a hedging facility using futures contracts. However, current futures trading is only a means of speculation caused by its specifications and transaction mechanism.<br />The application of the three principles of dhikr: the principle of harmony, the principle of integrity, and the principle of one on the quest for hedging solutions in commodity futures will lead to trade where the parties who transact share the risk (risk sharing). Risk sharing can only occur if there is a common goal between buyers and sellers to manage risk (the principle of the one-an). The similarity of objectives will result in a commitment between buyers and sellers to perform physical handover backed by regulation to create a liquid market (the principle of harmony), so that the wholeness of trade mechanisms involving market participants, markets, and regulators will be maintained. The integrity of the role of the stakeholders of commodity trading is what will lead to the solution of the hedge without having to separate the risk with its trading activities (principle of wholeness).<br />The "dhikr" hedging is a hedge accompanied by the certainty of ownership transfer through physical delivery of physical commodities. Thus, the hedge is not separate from its real trading activity, because the risk is always attached to the profit-making business activity.</p>

scholarly journals An Analysis on Relaxation of Import Facility For Export Purpose (KITE): A Case Study of PT Indonesia Asahan Aluminium

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-162
Author(s):  
Yudhi Dharma Nauly ◽  
Kamal Harianto ◽  
Sindy Elytha Hutabarat ◽  
Firman Widi Laksana ◽  
M. Ilham Harahap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Import Duty ◽  
Aluminum Extrusion ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Aluminum Processing ◽  
The Government ◽  
Expansion Scheme

BPS-Statistics Indonesia, noted the value of imports in 2018 grew 20.15% while export values only grew 6.65%.Accordingly, there was a trade deficit of USD 8.57 billion. For boosting export, the government gives exemption or reimbursement of import duty and other import related taxes through the Import Facility for Export Purpose(KITE). PT Indonesia Asahan Aluminum (Inalum) engages in aluminum processing industry. Inalum suppliesintermediate input to third parties such as aluminum extrusion companies which export the end products. So far, imports of Inalum are still subject to import duty and other import related taxes. This study aims to provide an overview of the KITE expansion scheme that can be provided to Inalum. This study uses a descriptive exploratory method, moving from existing data then referring to the relevant provisions and then proposes new provisions plan for the expansion of KITE. This study found there is a great opportunity to overcome this deficit by providing an expansion of KITE. Then, this study discovered the extension of KITE to Inalum and the third parties had a significant impact on increasing exports. And then, from the analysis of the existing KITE provisions, this study found the need for expansion of the facility

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document