Pengujian Fenomena Underpricing Dengan Studi Eksperimen

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of conflict of interest to the level of IPO price determined by managers. This experiment divides treatment group (the group of participants who have economic benefit from their decision making), and control group (groups with no economic benefit from their decision making). In experiment scenario for treatment group, the managements of IPO companies tend to decrease the price of IPO in order to get financial benefit. Using experimental design, this research shows that participants in treatment group determine lower IPO price than control group. This evidence confirms IPO phenomenon around the world. This research also makes supplementary analysis. The results show that alternative statistical test using GPA and gender of participants as control variable are not statistically significant. It means that the level of IPO price isn’t determined by GPA and Gender, but conflict of interest.

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The Impact of Formative Computer-Based Testing on Learners’ Anxiety and Performance on the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography Examination

Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography ◽

10.1177/8756479318799338 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 425-433

Author(s):

Michelle Wilson

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Web Based ◽

National Board ◽

Computer Based ◽

Preparatory Stage ◽

And Performance ◽

Dependent Sample ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

The intent of this research was to evaluate the effects of computerized mock examinations on student performances during the preparatory stage for a national board examination. Three measures were used: web-based surveys, student data from the ExamSim software (treatment group), and American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS) examination scores. Three research questions were posed: (1) What are the differences in ARDMS scores between the treatment and control groups? Mean scores showed that the treatment group scored significantly higher than the control group on the ARDMS examination. (2) To what degree did the scores and time invested on the ExamSim software predict performance on the ARDMS examination? A multiple linear regression was conducted, and the result was significant, with time and software scores accounting for 37.6% of the variance in ARDMS scores. (3) How did utilizing a formative computer-based assessment change perceived testing anxiety levels during the test preparatory phase? The result of the dependent sample t test was significant. Self-perceived scores at posttreatment were lower than self-perceived scores at pretreatment.

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Decision Making after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Temporal Discounting Paradigm

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s135561771200118x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 181-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Rodger Ll. Wood ◽

Louise McHugh

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Decision Making ◽

Executive Function ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Temporal Discounting ◽

Monetary Reward ◽

Control Group ◽

Neuropsychological Measures ◽

And Gender ◽

The Impact

AbstractA temporal discounting paradigm was used to examine decision making for hypothetical monetary reward following traumatic brain injury (TBI). A case-control design compared individuals following moderate or severe TBI with a healthy control group matched for age and gender. The impact of intelligence, impulsivity, and mood on temporal discounting performance was examined. A within-subjects design for the TBI group determined the influence of a range of neuropsychological tests on temporal discounting performance. Both patients and controls demonstrated temporal discounting. However, the TBI group discounted more than controls, suggesting that their decision making was more impulsive, consistent with ratings on the impulsiveness questionnaire. Discounting performance was independent of neuropsychological measures of intelligence, memory, and executive function. There was no relationship between temporal discounting and ratings of everyday executive function made by patients' relatives. Low mood did not account for discounting performance. The results of this study suggest that temporal discounting may be a useful neuropsychological paradigm to assess decision making linked to monetary reward following TBI. Performance was relatively independent of intelligence, memory and standard tests of executive ability and may therefore assist when assessing a patient's mental capacity to manage their financial affairs. (JINS, 2013,19, 1–8)

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The application of moist dressing in treating burn wound

Open Medicine ◽

10.1515/med-2015-0078 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Liu Wei

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Healing Time ◽

Control Group ◽

Burn Wound ◽

Burn Wounds ◽

Wound Pain ◽

The Difference ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

AbstractBasic experiments have demonstrated that the effect of wound healing in moist environments is better than that in dry environments; therefore, research on moist dressing is the focus of wound healing research. 42 burn patients receiving treatment in Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital were selected as experimental cases. Wound surface is divided into treatment group and control group using a self-contrasted method. The treatment group received a moist dressing in the treatment of burn wounds and the control group adopted iodine gauze or Vaseline gauze coverage. Wound healing effect and the impact on the degree of pain of in the two different treatment methods were observed after treatment. The results of 42 patients were included in the analysis. The average healing time of patients’ burn wounds in treatment group is (10.9 3.3) d, and the average healing time in control group is (13.8 3.6) d, so, the difference is significant (P<0.01). Wound pain in the treatment group is significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). Using moist dressing (Mepitel and Mepilex, etc.) in the treatment of burn wounds, woundhealing time can be shortened and wound pain can be reduced significantly.

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A mixed-methods study of tailor-made animated cartoons in teaching punctuation in EFL writing

ReCALL ◽

10.1017/s0958344018000046 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (01) ◽

pp. 75-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Arif Bakla

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Learning Experience ◽

Instructional Materials ◽

Control Group ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Post Test ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

AbstractDespite their potential benefits, teacher-created animated cartoons have not found much room in second-language (L2) research, probably due to some technical challenges involved in creating them. This paper reports the findings of a mixed-methods embedded experimental study, designed to test the impact of tailor-made animated cartoons on the correct use of common punctuation rules in English. The participants were 112 Turkish-first language (L1) learners of English, assigned to either the treatment or control group through random cluster sampling. The instructional materials in the treatment group included teacher-created animated cartoons, exercises designed using SCORM-compliant software, and a forum for discussions in Moodle. The participants in the control group, on the other hand, used PowerPoint presentations (PPTs) instead of animated cartoons and completed the same follow-up activities. Quantitative results suggested that the treatment and control groups’ post-test and late post-test scores significantly differed in favour of the former. Moreover, qualitative data from semi-structured interviews and document analysis revealed that the participants, especially those in the treatment group, viewed this learning experience highly positively. The findings globally imply that tailor-made animated cartoons might facilitate the learning of punctuation and help raise students’ awareness of it.

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PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KOMPRES JAHE TERHADAP INTENSITAS NYERI GOUT ARTRITIS PADA LANSIA DI PSTW BUDI SEJAHTERA KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Dunia Keperawatan ◽

10.20527/dk.v5i2.4112 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 90

Author(s):

Senna Qobita Dwi Putri ◽

Devi Rahmayanti ◽

Noor Diani

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Probability Sampling ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact ◽

Numeric Rating

ABSTRAKGout artritis merupakan penyakit peradangan pada persendian dimana dampak yang di timbulkan berupa nyeri. Berdasarkan data Riskesdas tahun 2013, Kalimantan Selatan menempati urutan ke 17 penderita Gout artritis sebesar 9.5 %. Tujuan Penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kompres jahe terhadap intensitas nyeri gout artritis pada lansia di PSTW Budi Sejahtera Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Quasy Eksperimental dengan dua kelompok Pretes-postest yang terbagi kelompok perlakuan pemberian kompres jahe dan kelompok kontrol pemberian kompres hangat. Teknik Sampling menggunakan Probability Sampling dan jumlah sampel sebanyak 32 orang lansia. Instrument yang digunakan adalah Kompres jahe, Kompres hangat, dan Lembar Observasi Skala nyeri Numerik. Hasil Penelitian Menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pemberian kompres jahe (P-value = 0,00), Sehingga dapat disimpulkan H0 ditolak, dimana terdapat pengaruh pemberian kompres jahe terhadap intensitas nyeri gout artritis pada lansia di PSTW Budi Sejahtera Kalimantan Selatan.Kata-kata kunci: kompres jahe, intensitas nyeri, lansia.ABSTRACKGout artritis is a inflammatory disease where the impact caused form in the of pain. Based of information from the Riskesdas in 2013, south Kalimantan Ranks seventh gout arthritis sufferers 9.5%. the purpose of this study is to know the effect of ginger compress on the intensity of gout arthritis pain in elderly in PSTW Budi Sejahtera South Kalimantan. This research is an Quasy Eksperimental two goup pretest-postest The study was divided into treatment group of ginger compress and control group of warm compress. The sampling technique using probability sampling and sample 32 the number of older people. The instruments used were in the form of ginger compress, warm compress, and observational numeric rating scale. The results showed is a effect of ginger compress (P-value = 0,00), so it could be concluded that H0 was rejected, where there is effect of ginger compress on the intensity of gout arthritis pain in elderly in PSTW Budi Sejahtera South Kalimantan.Keywords : ginger compress, pain intensity, elderly

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Polymorphisms of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Relation to APOE Epsilon 4 and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease in the Lithuanian Population

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55100689 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (10) ◽

pp. 689

Author(s):

Pšemeneckienė ◽

Petrikonis ◽

Rastenytė

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽

Risk Identification ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Population ◽

Independent Risk Factors ◽

And Gender ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

Background and objective: Neuroinflammation is one of the pathological pathways of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mediating the progression of neurodegeneration. Polymorphisms of proinflammatory cytokines have been linked to increased AD risk. Identification of certain combinations of polymorphisms could help predict disease in its preclinical stage. The aim of the study was to evaluate differences in the prevalence of TNFα –850T (rs1799724), IL1A –889T (rs1800587), and IL6 –174C (rs1800795, Intron type) polymorphisms between AD patients and healthy controls (HC) and determine the impact of these SNPs in combination with the APOEε4 allele on AD risk. Materials and Methods: The study population is comprised of 107 patients with sporadic AD (AD group) and age- and gender-matched 110 persons without impaired cognitive functions (control group). TNFα –850C > T polymorphism was revealed by a PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Real time PCR was used for IL1A and IL6 SNP genotyping. APOEε genotyping was done via hybridization method. Results: The frequencies of TNFα –850T, IL1A –889T, IL6 –174C allele and genotype did not differ between the AD and HC groups (p > 0.05). IL6 –174C was not in HWE, and it was not analysed further. APOEε4 allele (p = 0.001) and 3/4 and 4/4 genotypes (p = 0.005) were more prevalent in AD patients. APOEε4 carriage increased the risk of AD (OR 2.65, p = 0.001), while TNFα –850T and IL1A –889T polymorphisms were not found as significant independent risk factors for AD. The presence of at least one IL1A –889T allele in combination with APOEε4+ was associated with a lower risk of AD (OR 2.24, p = 0.047) than the carriage of APOEε4+ alone (OR 2.70, p = 0.015). Conclusions: No significant differences of TNFα –850, IL1A –889, and IL6 –174 polymorphisms frequencies were found between AD and control groups. In APOEε4 carriers IL1A –889T polymorphism was found to reduce the AD risk determined by APOEε4 alone.

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Effect of the Aerobic Denitrifying Bacterium Pseudomonas furukawaii ZS1 on Microbiota Compositions in Grass Carp Culture Water

Water ◽

10.3390/w13101329 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1329

Author(s):

Wangbao Gong ◽

Shuwei Gao ◽

Yun Zhu ◽

Guangjun Wang ◽

Kai Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Grass Carp ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Aquaculture Water ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact ◽

Microbiota Structure

Background: Although functional bacteria are widely used in aquaculture water treatment, whether they affect the indigenous microbiota and whether the impact is persistent remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the denitrification effect of Pseudomonas furukawaii ZS1 isolated from a grass carp culture pond in nitrogen-rich aquaculture water, and determine whether its effect on the microbiota structure of the aquaculture water was persistent. Methods: Three each of treatment and control groups were set up, and P. furukawaii ZS1 was added to the treatment group. The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and nitrate, and the pH of each sample were measured for eight consecutive days. Changes of microbiota composition in the water were analysed via high-throughput sequencing. Results: Ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate concentrations were substantially lower in the treatment group than in the control group. There were significant differences in the microbiota structure between treatment and control groups, especially on days 2–7 after adding P. furukawaii ZS1. Furthermore, significantly enriched bacterial genera in the treatment group were initially higher in number than inhibited genera, but subsequently reverted to being lower in number. Conclusions: These results provide theoretical guidance for the effective use of P. furukawaii ZS1 to control aquaculture water.

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Socio-Economic Impact of the Interest-Free Community Investment Fund: A Case Study of Rural Sindh, Pakistan

Economies ◽

10.3390/economies10010018 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 18

Author(s):

Pervaiz Ahmed Memon ◽

Muhammad Ramzan Kalhoro ◽

Kiran Tariq ◽

Paras Sindhu ◽

Suman Shaikh

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Rural Women ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Economic Life ◽

Control Group ◽

Investment Fund ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact ◽

Community Investment

This study aims to measure the impact of an intervention, the Community Investment Fund (CIF), on the socio-economic life of rural women. CIF is a community-managed fund aimed at improving the living standards of women by empowering them to undertake income-generating projects to become financially more stable and self-governed in the Khairpur, Shikarpur, Kandhkot-Kashmore and Jacobabad districts of Sindh, Pakistan. This study used a quasi-experimental design approach that involved two groups, i.e., the treatment group (beneficiaries) and control group (non-beneficiaries). The sample size of this study was 708 respondents including the treatment and control group. The results of comparison of mean indicate that there is a significant difference between treatment and control group in terms of socio-demographic variables (including monthly income and consumption, saving amount, total asset value, an asset purchased value and household diet) and women empowerment’s indicators, thereby suggesting that CIF has resulted in women empowerment. Concerning the results of the poverty scorecard, the higher graduation of beneficiaries (treatment group) asserts that the intervention of CIF has also a positive impact on targeted beneficiaries. In particular, the findings indicate that 72% of beneficiaries (treatment group) have graduated from one poverty band to another higher band compared to 59.4% of non-beneficiaries (control group) in poverty score. In addition, the findings of the logistic regression analysis confirmed that participation in the CIF program empowers women beneficiaries. This study will support policymakers to further improve CIF so that it can become more effective and sustainable.

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The impact of pendular model on decision-making and tactical-technical performance of U18 male volleyball players

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching ◽

10.1177/17479541211048586 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174795412110485

Author(s):

Henrique de Oliveira Castro ◽

Gibson M Praça ◽

Isabel MR Mesquita ◽

José Afonso ◽

Gustavo De Conti Teixeira Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Control Group ◽

Technical Performance ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tactical Knowledge ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Regular Training ◽

Level Analysis

This study aimed to verify the influence of applying the Pendular Model of Tactical-Technical Training (Pendular Model) on decision-making and tactical-technical performance of U18 male volleyball athletes. A total of 44 U18 volleyball athletes participated in the study, divided into two groups: experimental group ( n = 23) and control group ( n = 21). The Declarative Tactical Knowledge Test in Volleyball was used for the decision-making analysis, while the Instrument for Technical-Tactical Performance Assessment in Volleyball was used for the specific tactical-technical performance components level analysis in the game. Experimental group athletes performed 24 training sessions using the Pendular Model, and control group athletes maintained 24 sessions of regular training. There was a significant difference in decision-making in the extremity attack and setting situations, being better in the experimental group than the control group in the pre and postintervention moments. There were significant differences in the adjustment, decision-making, and effectiveness components in athletes’ tactical-technical performance in game situations, being greater in the experimental group compared to the control group in the moments after 12 sessions and postintervention. It is concluded that the Pendular Model proved to be effective for improving decision-making in extremity attack and setting video situations and in the tactical-technical performance in the game in the adjustment, decision-making, and effectiveness components for male U18 volleyball athletes.

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Phishing for (Quantum-Like) Phools—Theory and Experimental Evidence

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym13020162 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 162

Author(s):

Ariane Lambert-Mogiliansky ◽

Adrian Calmettes

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Bayesian Model ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Control Group ◽

Group A ◽

Remarkable Result ◽

The Impact ◽

Quantum Indeterminacy ◽

Subjective Representation

Quantum-like decision theory is by now a theoretically well-developed field (see e.g., Danilov, Lambert-Mogiliansky & Vergopoulos, 2018). We provide a first test of the predictions of an application of this approach to persuasion. One remarkable result entails that, in contrast to Bayesian persuasion, distraction rather than relevant information has a powerful potential to influence decision-making. We first develop a quantum decision model of choice between two uncertain alternatives. We derive the impact of persuasion by means of distractive questions and contrast them with the predictions of the Bayesian model. Next, we provide the results from a first test of the theory. We conducted an experiment where respondents choose between supporting either one of two projects to save endangered species. We tested the impact of persuasion in the form of questions related to different aspects of the uncertain value of the two projects. The experiment involved 1253 respondents divided into three groups: a control group, a first treatment group and the distraction treatment group. Our main result is that, in accordance with the predictions of quantum persuasion but in violation with the Bayesian model, distraction significantly affects decision-making. Population variables play no role. Some significant variations between subgroups are exhibited and discussed. The results of the experiment provide support for the hypothesis that the manipulability of people’s decision-making can to some extent be explained by the quantum indeterminacy of their subjective representation of reality.

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