scholarly journals Chemical Preliminary Evaluation of leaves, Peels, and Fleshs Fruit of Limau Kuit: Local Orange of South Kalimantan

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Azidi Irwan ◽  
Kamilia Mustikasari ◽  
Dahlena Ariyani
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Fruit Flesh

This research was conducted to know about fruit of limau kuit from South Kalimantan which includes weight, diemeter of fruit, volume of fruit juice, water content, and ash content of its flesh as well as water and ash content on leaves and fruit peel. Chemical preliminary examination includes measurement of pH of fruits juice and phytochemical screening test on leaves, fruit peel, and fruit flesh. The result is obtained with mean value as follows: weight 154,82 g, diameter offruit 68,45 mm, volume of juice water 44,60 ml, water content of fruit flesh 67,16%, water content of fruit peel 65,67%, leaf water content 65,88%, ash content 0,72%, fruit ash content 1,39%, and leaf ash content 3,32%. Measurement of pH of fruit juice without dilution; 100x; 1000x; and 10000x dilutions showing a value of 1.62; 2.08; 2.68; and 3.33, respectively. The results of the phytochemical examination on fresh samples of leaves, fruit peels, and fruit juices showed all samples giving positive (+) test results against alkaloids, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids (except negative (-) for fruit skin samples), tannins, and flavonoids (except (-) for the juice of the fruit). While the samples with the fresh-dried treatment extracted each using ethanol and n-hexane solvents showed (+) results for all sample extracts in both fresh-dried treatments, except (-) saponins in dried leaves (ethanol extract) and fruit peels fresh (n-hexane extract). Tannin test for fresh leaf (n-hexane) and flavonoid for fresh leaves (ethanol extract) and fresh fruit peel (ethanol extract) showed negative results.Keywords: Limau kuit, South Kalimantan, chemical preliminary test, phytochemical test, ethanol extract, n-hexane extract.

scholarly journals Standardisasi Parameter Spesifik dan Non Spesifik Ekstrak Etanol Buah Asam Gelugur (GarciniaAatroviridis Griff.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Galih Samodra
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Reduce Body Weight ◽  
Specific Parameter

Acid gelugur fruit (Garcinia atroviridis) is one of the Garcinia families that has long been used as traditional medicine. Gelugur acid has been widely used as a cooking spice by Malay people, but it also has the ability to reduce cholesterol. Besides that, it has antioxidant properties and can reduce body weight and cholesterol. The purpose of this study was to establish specific parameter standards and non-specific parameters from the ethanol extract of acid gelugur fruit. The extract was obtained by maceration method using 70% ethanol with a rendament of 37.15%. Specific parameters include observations of organoleptic extracts of tamarind fruit showed, dark brown, distinctive smelling, and sour. Contains several sekendur metabolites such as flavonoids and saponins. The level of the compound that is soluble in water is 3.6%, while the content of the compound dissolved in ethanol is 3.9%. Total ash content of 2.99%. Non-specific parameters include acid insoluble ash content of 1.03%. The drying rate of geluguric acid simplicia was 7.20%. Water content of sour fruit gelugur extract was 13%.  

scholarly journals STANDARISASI NON SPESIFIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KECAPI (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) DAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KELUWIH (Artocarpus communis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Maria Ulfah ◽  
Dhia Salsabilla ◽  
Evi Sukawati
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Standard Parameter ◽  
Sandoricum Koetjape

ABSTRACT The chemicals contained in an extract must be maintained its quality. The aim of this study is to prove both that the ethanol extract of kecapi (Sandoricum koetjape, Merr.) and keluwih (Artocarpus communis) leaves meet the non-specific parameters on the standardization of the extract. The ethanol extract of kecapi and keluwih leaves were extracted using the ultrasonic method. The extract was tested with non-specific parameters including water content, total ash content and metal contamination level. The test results are compared with standard parameter references. Ethanol extract of kecapi leaf have water content of 27.75% ± 1.708, total ash content of 4.856% ± 0.040 and levels of As metal contamination < 0.030 mg/Kg, Hg < 0.002 mg/Kg, Pb < 0.400 mg/Kg, while ethanol extract of keluwih leaf have water content of 23.206 ± 0.091%, total ash content of 9,678 ± 0.306% and levels of heavy metal contamination of As < 0.03 mg/Kg, Hg < 0.006 mg/Kg, Pb < 0.02 mg/Kg. The both extract meet the standard parameters of water content, total ash content and levels heavy metal contamination. Key words: kecapi leaves (Sandoricum koetjape, Merr.), keluwih leaves (Artocarpus communis), non-specific standardization

scholarly journals STANDARISASI NON SPESIFIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KECAPI (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) DAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KELUWIH (Artocarpus communis)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Maria Ulfah ◽  
Dhia Salsabilla ◽  
Evi Sukawati
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Standard Parameter ◽  
Sandoricum Koetjape

ABSTRACT The chemicals contained in an extract must be maintained its quality. The aim of this study is to prove both that the ethanol extract of kecapi (Sandoricum koetjape, Merr.) and keluwih (Artocarpus communis) leaves meet the non-specific parameters on the standardization of the extract. The ethanol extract of kecapi and keluwih leaves were extracted using the ultrasonic method. The extract was tested with non-specific parameters including water content, total ash content and metal contamination level. The test results are compared with standard parameter references. Ethanol extract of kecapi leaf have water content of 27.75% ± 1.708, total ash content of 4.856% ± 0.040 and levels of As metal contamination < 0.030 mg/Kg, Hg < 0.002 mg/Kg, Pb < 0.400 mg/Kg, while ethanol extract of keluwih leaf have water content of 23.206 ± 0.091%, total ash content of 9,678 ± 0.306% and levels of heavy metal contamination of As < 0.03 mg/Kg, Hg < 0.006 mg/Kg, Pb < 0.02 mg/Kg. The both extract meet the standard parameters of water content, total ash content and levels heavy metal contamination. Key words: kecapi leaves (Sandoricum koetjape, Merr.), keluwih leaves (Artocarpus communis), non-specific standardization

scholarly journals Kandungan Gizi dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Permen Jelly Buah Pedada (Sonneratia Caseolaris) dengan Penambahan Karagenan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Dwi Tria Ramadani ◽  
Dini Wulandari ◽  
Aisah Aisah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Activity Method

Pedada fruit (Sonneratia caseolaris) is one of the mangrove varieties that has a high nutritional content and has the potential as an antioxidant. In general, pedada is still underutilized by the community because it tastes sour and feels tight when consumed directly. One of the efforts in utilizing the pedada fruit is processing it into jelly candy. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical characteristics of pedada jelly candy with the addition of carrageenan. This research is an experimental design using a quantitative descriptive approach with P2K2(100 ml  of pedada fruit juice and 20 gr carrageenan) and P0K2 contol samples (without pedada fruit juice and 20 gr of carrageenan). To find out the chemical characteristics were tested Carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber, water content, ash content, vitamin C and Antioxidant activity. This research was conducted in May-August 2018. Jelly candy making was carried out at the STIKes Baiturrahim Jambi Nutrition and Food Laboratory, Chemical characteristics were tested by proximate analysis (Carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber, water content, ash content), iodimetry (vitamin c) method and DPPH (Antioxidant activity) method. The best treatment in making Pedada jelly candy which is very preferred, namely P2K2 (100 ml pedada fruit juice and 20 gr carrageenan) with a carbohydrates (69.83%), protein (5.66%), fat (9.89%), water content (39.26%), ash content (9.67%), fiber (0.67%), vitamin C (14.08%) and antioxidant activity (67.34%).

scholarly journals Uji Efek Kombinasi Amoksisilin Dengan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirih (Piper Betle L) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia Coli Dan Staphylococcus Aureus

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-319
Author(s):  
Panal Sitorus
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Konsep baru untuk pengobatan infeksi bakteri resisten adalah dengan kombinasi antibiotika dengan ekstrak herbal. Ekstrak daun sirih memiliki aktivitas anti bakteri terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus kerena daun sirih mengandung metabolit sekunder. Kombinasi ekstrak daun sirih dengan amoksisilin, perlu diuji untuk mengetahui efek antibaktreri masing-masing dibandingkan dengan kombinasinya. Mengetahui karakteristik dan skrining fitokimia simplisia dan ekstrak daun sirih serta uji aktivitas anti bakteri kombinasi amoksisilin dengan ekstrak daun sirih terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini meliputi ekstraksi serbuk simplisia dengan maserasi, Karakterisasi simplisia untuk mengetahui kadar air, kadar sari larut dalam air, kadar sari larut dalam etanol, kadar abu total dan kadar abu tidak larur asam, serta skrining fitokimia simplisia dan ekstrak daun sirih serta uji aktivitas anti bakteri kombinasi amoksisilin dengan ekstrak daun sirih terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus dengan metode difusi agar menggunakan cakram kertas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serbuk simplisia daun sirih memiliki kadar air 3,66%; , kadar sari larut dalam air 22,54%, kadar sari larut dalam etanol 14,65%, kadar abu total9,25% dan kadar abu tidak larur asam 1,03%. Komponen kimia pada simplisia dan ekstrak etanol serbuk daun sirih adalah flavonoid, tannin, saponin dan steroid. Ekstrak etanol serbuk daun sirih menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus masing-masing pada KHM 8 mg/ml dan 9 mg/ml. Amoksisilin menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus masing-masing pada KHM 5 g/ml dan 10 g/ml dengan diameter zona hambat 6,83mm dan 7,05 mm. Diameter zona hambat terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus meningkat ketika bakteri uji dipaparkan dengan kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun sirih dengan amoksisilin. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi Amoksisilin dengan Ekstrak etanol daun sirih menunjukkan efek yang sinergis. A new concept to treat resistant bacterial infection is using antibiotic combination with herbal extract. Betel leaves extract has an anti-bacteria activity towards Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus since it contains secondary metabolite. Betel leavesextract combination with amoxicillin is needed to be tested to find evaluatetheiranti-bacteria effects and compare with its combination. By finding the characteristics and phytochemical screening simplicia and the betel leaves extract and also the anti-bacteria activity of amoxicillin combination with betel leaves to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This research covered extraction of simplicia powder using macerationmethod. The simplicia characteristics were conductedto determinethe water content, dissolved extract content in water, dissolved extract content in ethanol, total ash, and the acidic undissolved ash, and also the phytochemical screening of simplicia and the betel leaves extract and also the anti-bacteria activity of amoxicillin combination with betel leaves to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using diffusion method using paper disc method. The result indicated that the betel leaves powder simplicia had 3.66% of water content, 22.54% of dissolved content extract in water, 14.65% of dissolved content extract in ethanol, 9.25% of ash content, and 1.03% of acidic undissolved ash content. The chemical components in simpliciaand ethanol extract of betel leaves were flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and steroid. The ethanol extract of betel leaves inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with MIC of 8 mg/ml and 9 mg/ml. Amoxicillin inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with MIC of5 g/ml and 10 g/ml with diameter of inhibition zone of 6.83 mm and 7.05 mm, respectively. The diameter of inhibition zone towards Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus increased when the bacteria exposed to the combination of betel leaves ethanol extract and Amoxicillin. The research indicated that Amoxicillin combination with betel leaves ethanol extract showed synergistic effect.

scholarly journals ACTIVITY ETHANOL EXTRACT, ETHYLE ACETATE FRACTION, N-HEXAN FRACTION OF SOFO-SOFO LEAVES (Acmella cf) Against Propionibacterium acnes AND Staphylococcus epidermidis AS ANTIBACTERIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Eva Diansari Marbun ◽  
Alfi Sapitri ◽  
Vivi Asfianti
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Propionibacterium Acne ◽  
Extract Content

Sofo-sofo leaves are traditional medicinal plants that have been known by the Nias people to cure fever, coughs, diarrhea and antimicrobial infections on the skin surface. The  purpose  of  this  study  was  to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction and ethylacetate fraction Sofo-sofo leaf (Acmella cf) against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Simplicia powder was characterized and phytochemical screening was performed. Furthermore, it was isolated using 96% ethanol solvent and fractionated with  n-hexane and ethylacetate to obtain extracts. Then test the antibacterial activity of each extract against Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus epidermidis by using a diffusion method disc paper. The research results obtained water content 5.66%, water soluble extract content 27.33%, ethanol soluble extract content 13.61%, total ash  content 14.39%, and  acid insoluble ash content 6.25%. The highest antibacterial activity was given by ethylacetate extract at a concentration of 2% (23.4 ± 0.2) compared to ethanol extract with a concentration of 2% (21.06 ± 0.85) and 2% concentrated n-hexane extract (19.36 ± 0.16) against the Propionibacterium acne bacteria. The highest antibacterial activity was ethyl acetate extract at a concentration of 2% (23.24 ± 0.23), ethanol extract with a concentration of 2% (16.36 ± 1.76) and n-hexane extract at a concentration of 2% (15.36 ± 0 , 11) against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. The  antibacterial activity results were analyzed by the one way ANOVA test method. Based on these results it can be concluded that there are differences between treatment groups, which is indicated by a significant value <0.05.

scholarly journals KUALITAS BRIKET ARANG DARI KULIT SABUT BUAH NIPAH (Nypa fruticans WURMB) DALAM MENGHASILKAN ENERGI The qualty of charcoal briquettes that made from nypah (nypa fruticans wurmb) outshel to product energy

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosidah Muis Radam ◽  
Lusyiani Lusyiani ◽  
Diana Ulfah ◽  
Noor Mirad Sari ◽  
Violet Violet
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Nypa Fruticans

The availability skin fiber of fruit Nipah abundant each season can be used as alternative energy sources such. The purpose of this study is to determine the quality of charcoal briquettes from the skin fiber of nipah peel in its ability to produce energy. The results of this study can be used as a consideration in the development of the utilization of the nipah plant part of the fruit peel as briquette fuel. The method used is to compare the capability of 1 kg of charcoal briquettes compared to the 1 liter kerosene capability inserted in the Hock stove with 16 axis in producing energy. The test do the Laboratory of Standardization Center for Industry of Banjarbaru. The Charcoal briquettes in this study contain 5.12% water content, ash content 4.15%, airborne content 36.66%, carbon content bound 58.19% and calorific value 5438,80 cal / gram. The results of charcoal briquette quality analysis when compared with SNI-01-6235-2000 charcoal quality standards of water content, ash content, and calorific values that meet the charcoal quality standard requirements as good fuel, but the content of fly and carbon bound does not meet the requirements charcoal quality standard, airborne content of 33.66% and carbon bound to 58.19%, according to SNI-01-6235-2000 maximum airborne content 15%. and carbon bound ≥ ≥ 77%. Average initial time of ignition for 3’25 “long smoldering 1 hour 9 ‘. The average time of boiling 1 liter of water is 22 ‘05 “. When compared to the use of kerosene by using the Hock stove with 16 axis and if converted to economic value, the charcoal briquettes results of this study can be used as a renewable energy alternative.Keywords: charcoal briquettes, skin fiber of fruit Nipah, energyKetersediaan kulit sabut buah Nipah yang melimpah setiap musimnya dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi sumber energy alternative. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas briket arang kulit sabut buah nipah dalam kemampuannya menghasilkan energy. Manfaat penelitian ini sebagai bahan infotmasi untuk mengembangkan teknologi pengolahan bagian tumbuhan nipah yaitu bagian kulit buah sebagai bahan bakar briket. Metode yang digunakan adalah membandingkan kemampuan 1 kg briket arang dibandingkan dengan kemampuan 1 liter minyak tanah yang dimasukkan dalam kompor Hock sumbu 16 dalam mengthasilkan energy. Pengujian dilakukan di Laboratorium Balai Risert Standardisasi Industri Banjarbaru. Briket Arang dalam penelitian ini mengandung kadar air 5,12 %, kadar abu 4,15 % , kadar zat terbang 36,66 % , kadar carbon terikat 58,19 % dan nilai kalor 5438,80 cal/gram. Hasil pengujian sifat Fisik dan Kimia briket arang dibandingkan dengan SNI-01-6235-2000, parameter kadar air, kadar abu, dan nilai kalor yang memenuhi persyaratan standar kualitas arang sebagai bahan bakar yang baik, namun kadar zat terbang dan karbon terikat tidak memenuhi 3’25” lama membara 1 jam 9’. Rata-rata waktu mendidihkan 1 liter air adalah 22’ 05”. Jika dibandingkan dengan pemakaian minyak tanah dengan memakai kompor Hock 16 sumbu dan jika dikonversi ke nilai ekonomi, maka briket arang hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai energy alternative yang bersifat renewableKata kunci: Briket arang, kulit sabut buah nipah, energy

scholarly journals Leaf water content estimation using top-of-canopy airborne hyperspectral data

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 102393
Author(s):  
Rahul Raj ◽  
Jeffrey P. Walker ◽  
Vishal Vinod ◽  
Rohit Pingale ◽  
Balaji Naik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Content

scholarly journals Application of the Calorimetric Methods to the Characteristics of Seeds from Olives

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bryś ◽  
Joanna Bryś ◽  
Marko Obranović ◽  
Dubravka Škevin ◽  
Szymon Głowacki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Initial Water

The olive oil industry represents an important productive sector in the Mediterranean basin countries. Olive stone is an essential by-product generated in the olive oil extraction industries and it represents roughly 10% by weight of the olive fruit. The seeds of pickled olives are also a significant waste product. In the present study, we have investigated the possibility of the use of differential scanning calorimetry for the thermal characterization of seeds from green and black pickled olives from Croatia. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) with a normal pressure cell equipped with a cooling system was used to determine the thermal properties of seeds from olives. The following analyses were also performed: the determination of calorific values in a pressure bomb calorimeter, the determination of initial water content, the determination of changes of water content during drying at the temperatures of 30 °C, 50 °C and 80 °C, the determination of a percentage content of seeds mass to the mass of the whole olives, and the determination of ash content. Seeds from olives are characterized by very good parameters as a biomass. The analyzed olive seeds were characterized by low water content, low ash content, and a relatively high caloric value.

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