The Diversity and Productivity of Indigenous Forage in Former Limestone Mining Quarry in Karst Mountain of Southern Gombong, Central Java Indonesia

Indonesia is a country that has a lot of limestone mountains, covering 15.4 million hectares. Limestone mountains have strategic functions as limestone is used as building materials and as raw material in cement industry. Therefore, limestone mining quarry in various areas of limestone mountains in Indonesia is increasingly widespread. The biggest negative impact of limestone mining is the formed open land which is abandoned and unutilized. Changes in the ecosystem will lead to the reduced levels of diversity and productivity of indigenous forage which will ultimately reduce the performance and development of ruminants livestock kept by farmers in the mountainous region of limestone. This study aims to determine the diversity and productivity of indigenous forage on former limestone mining quarry in limestone mountains of southern Gombong. The research was conducted through survey by identifying and measuring the forage production of sample plots assigned purposively. Location of the study was divided into three categories, mild, moderate and heavy mining. Results showed that soil fertility levels in open fields of former limestone mining in southern Gombong mountains are low with total N content of 0.049 - 0.141%, total P2O5 of 0.067 - 0.133% and total K2O of 0.086 - 0.100%. The diversity of indigenous forage on mild mining was more diverse than that of moderate and heavy mining, i.e. 13 species comprising 7 grass species, 2 legumes species, and 4 species of shrubs. The most dominant species in all mining categories are Cynodon dactylon, Imperata cylindrica, Ageratum conyzoides and Mikania micrantha. The results also showed that in the open land of mild mining had the highest production of fresh and dry matter compared to that of moderate and severe mining

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Metode Menentukan Klor dalam Sludge Oil: Perbandingan Metode Wet dan Metode Jena

Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ◽

10.32734/jtk.v10i1.5428 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Herliati Rahman ◽

Akhirudin Salasa

Keyword(s):

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Cement Industry ◽

Raw Material ◽

Chlorine Content ◽

Cement Production ◽

Average Accuracy ◽

The Difference

Currently, the use of alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) in the cement industry is very attractive. This is driven by demands for environmental sustainability and the efficiency of fuel and raw material costs. One of the materials that can be used as AFR is sludge oil. However, it needs to be ensured that the chlorine content in the sludge oil does not exceed the threshold so that it does not have a negative impact during the cement production process. It is known that if the chlorine content is more than the threshold, it can cause blocking or clogging of the separator and the kiln. This study aims to determine the performance of the Jena Multi EA 4000 instrument in determining the chlorine content in sludge oil quickly and accurately. Analytic Jena Multi EA 4000 is an Atomic Absorption Spectrometers (AAS) instrument that can be used for analysis of samples in the form of solids or slurries containing chlorine. As validation of the resulting analysis, the wet method is used, which as usual, to determine chlorine levels. From the statistic analysis, namely the F-test and T-test, We found that F-count equal to 0.0080 and F-table equal to 4.2839. it shows that F-count < F-table, indicating the difference in the variance of the two methods H0: s12 = s22 is accepted because there is no difference to the variability of these two tests and the value of T-count = -3.9717 and T-table = 2.1788 so that T-count <T-table is accepted because there is no difference in the average accuracy of the two methods H0: M1 = M2.

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Nephrite-Bearing Mining Waste As a Promising Mineral Additive in the Production of New Cement Types

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min10050394 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 394 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Liudmila I. Khudyakova ◽

Evgeniy V. Kislov ◽

Pavel L. Paleev ◽

Irina Yu. Kotova

Keyword(s):

Binary Systems ◽

Building Materials ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Control Sample ◽

Mining Waste ◽

Raw Material ◽

Low Grade ◽

Cement Production ◽

Ornamental Stones ◽

Mineral Additives

A growing demand for products made of jewelry and ornamental stones, including nephrite, requires an increase in mining volume. However, only less than 30% of the extracted raw material is suitable for processing. The rest of the low grade nephrites are substandard and unclaimed, and they negatively affect various life spheres. In this regard, their involvement in industrial turnover is an actual task. One of the directions of mining waste use is production of building materials, in particular, cements. The low grade nephrite can act here as mineral additives. In the course of the research, the optimal amount of low grade nephrite waste additive was determined, which is 30% of the cement mass. The grinding time of a raw mix is 10 min. It was found that introduction of the additive affects the hydration activity of cement compositions. Compressive strength of the mixed cement is 25% higher than that of the control sample. At the same time, new phases in the hydrated cement were not recorded. Good physical and mechanical properties of the obtained cements are achieved when hardening in normal humidity conditions. Heat and humidity treatments do not facilitate the hydration processes in binary systems. The conducted studies have shown that low grade nephrite can be used as mineral additives in cement production. This will allow development of not only a new type of product, but also reduction of the negative impact of cement production on the environment.

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SÍNTESE, CARACTERIZAÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO DE BIOCARVÃO PRODUZIDO A PARTIR DE RESÍDUO RUMINAL BOVINO DE FRIGORÍFICO PARA SUBSTITUIÇÃO PARCIAL DO CIMENTO EM CONCRETO

Colloquium Exactarum ◽

10.5747/ce.2021.v13.n1.e348 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 38-45

Author(s):

Alexandre Teixeira de Souza ◽

Maria Luiza Garcia Lopes Molina ◽

Thaise Monique Iurrino

Keyword(s):

Fossil Fuels ◽

Building Materials ◽

Concrete Strength ◽

Cement Industry ◽

Raw Material ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Cement Production ◽

Concrete Mixtures ◽

Strength Tests ◽

Material Scarcity

Nowadays, the cement industry faces several challenges, such as: fossil fuels reservation exhaustion, raw material scarcity, growing demand for building materials, as well as crescent environmental concerns, like air pollution and climate changes. The cement production is directly related to CO₂ emission, one of the main greenhouse gases. Therefore, this search’s objective is to demonstrate the biochar as a potential additive to replace cement in concrete, improving hydration due to its internal healing andnucleation effects. The biochar was prepared by bovine ruminal residue pyrolysis for 1 and 2% replacement of concrete cement. Immediate analyzes were also carried out to get information about biochar’s composition. It was observed in the compressive strength tests, a considerable increase in concrete strength with biochar’s partial replacement. During pyrolysis, the carbon from biomass raw material is sequestered in the chemical structure of the biochar produced that would be released into the atmosphere through decomposition or degradation of biomass. Using material produced by waste to partially substitute cement is an economic and sustainable strategy to achieve green concrete mixtures.

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Diet of the Four-horned Antelope Tetracerus quadricornis (De Blainville, 1816) in the Churia Hills of Nepal

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.1818.8.5.8745-8755 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 8745 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Amar Kunwar ◽

Raju Gaire ◽

Krishna Prasad Pokharel ◽

Suraj Baral ◽

Tej Bahadur Thapa

Keyword(s):

Feeding Strategy ◽

Food Composition ◽

Imperata Cylindrica ◽

Grass Species ◽

Ziziphus Mauritiana ◽

Ageratum Conyzoides ◽

Eulaliopsis Binata ◽

Bambusa Vulgaris ◽

Potential Competitor ◽

Clerodendrum Viscosum

The food composition of the Four-horned Antelope Tetracerus quadricornis was studied in the Churia Hills of Nepal during summer, monsoon and the winter seasons of 2012–2013. Microhistological technique was used to determine the diet. The Four-horned Antelope was found to be a mixed feeder feeding on trees, shrubs, forbs, grasses and climbers. Trees and shrubs contribute the major percentage of diet in all the three seasons. The Gramineae family is consumed in highest proportion. Mitragyna parvifolia, Bridelia retusa, Bambusa vulgaris, Hymenodictyon sp. and Ziziphus mauritiana are major tree species while Barleria cristata, Pogostemon benghalensis, Achyranthes sp., Clerodendrum viscosum are among shrubs. Ageratum conyzoides and Blumea virens are the main forbs Eulaliopsis binata and Imperata cylindrica are the principal grass species. Climber Trachelospermum lucidum is consumed in a small proportion. Grasses in monsoon were consumed distinctly at a higher percentage than during the other two seasons. The Four-horned Antelopes are concentrated feeders and browsers with a generalized feeding strategy. Similar studies need to be conducted in other landscapes and with sympatric and potential competitor species to understand its niche overlaps and degree of competition.

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Investigation of fly ash properties with purpose of its utilization as a secondary raw material for portland cement clinker production

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind0610245b ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 60 (9-10) ◽

pp. 245-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zvezdana Bascarevic ◽

Miroslav Komljenovic ◽

Ljiljana Petrasinovic-Stojkanovic ◽

Natasa Jovanovic ◽

Aleksandra Rosic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Portland Cement ◽

Power Plants ◽

Building Materials ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Cement Industry ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cement Clinker ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Portland Cement Clinker

In this paper the results of the investigated properties of fly ash from four thermal power plants in Serbia are presented. The physical, chemical, mineralogical and thermal characterization of fly ash was carried out, in order to determine the possibility to utilize this material in the building materials industry, foremost in the cement industry. It was determined that, although there are differences concerning the physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics of the investigated samples, they are very similar concerning their thermal characteristics. It was concluded that using fly ash as one of the raw components in the mixture for Portland cement clinker synthesis, not only enables the substitution of natural resources, but it might have a positive effect on the lowering of the sintering temperature.

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Grass–Legume Mixtures Show Potential to Increase Above- and Belowground Biomass Production for Andean Forage-Based Fallows

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy12010142 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 142

Author(s):

Katherin Meza ◽

Steven J. Vanek ◽

Yulissa Sueldo ◽

Edgar Olivera ◽

Raúl Ccanto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

N Uptake ◽

Cropping System ◽

Belowground Biomass ◽

Grass Species ◽

Great Promise ◽

Forage Production ◽

Improved Fallows ◽

Total N ◽

Peruvian Andes

Soils of the Andean highlands are under threat from cropping system intensification. Improved forage-based fallows offer great promise to address this issue, but research is needed to better understand the potential of species mixtures vs. monocultures to support multiple farmer objectives, especially forage production and soil conservation. We used a pot study to quantify above- and belowground biomass production as well as the total N uptake of grass–legume pairs between five grasses: (1) oat (Avena sativa), (2) ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), (3) festulolium (Lolium × Festuca genera), (4) brome grass (Bromus catharticus), and (5) orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), and four legumes: (1) vetch (Vicia dasycarpa), (2) red clover (Trifolium pratense), (3) black medic (Medicago lupulina), and (4) alfalfa (Medicago sativa) relative to the performance of each species in monoculture within two soils from the central Peruvian Andes. Grass–legume bicultures demonstrated significant overyielding, producing 65% and 28% more total dry biomass and total N uptake on average than monocultures. Aboveground biomass of bicultures was significantly influenced by the species of legume present, while belowground biomass was more affected by the grass species in the mixture. When evaluating the growth of each species separately, our findings indicate that overyielding was driven more by the enhanced growth of grasses relative to legumes. Our findings indicate that combining key functional groups (e.g., grass and legume, annual and perennial) offers great promise for developing improved fallows for supporting soil health and productivity in Andean agroecosystems.

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Population status and distribution of the Critically Endangered Bengal Florican Houbaropsis bengalensis in the grassland of Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.6503.13.9.19293-19301 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 19293-19301

Author(s):

Ritika Prasai ◽

Hemanta Kafley ◽

Suraj Upadhaya ◽

Swosthi Thapa ◽

Pratistha Shrestha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Action Plan ◽

Bird Species ◽

Imperata Cylindrica ◽

Critically Endangered ◽

Grass Species ◽

Population Status ◽

Importance Value Index ◽

Importance Value ◽

Wildlife Reserve

The Bengal Florican Houbaropsis bengalensis is one of the most threatened terrestrial bird species, listed as ‘Critically Endangered’ by the IUCN. This species is protected globally and locally due to very low population (global population is approximately 250–999 individuals), and little is known about its distribution and habitat use. We assessed population status and distribution of floricans in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal (KTWR). We surveyed 57 1-km2 randomly distributed blocks across the reserve to record as many individuals as possible during their breeding season (March–May). We walked 2,964 transects (52 transects on each block) each of length 1 km on 57 blocks of 1-km2 to estimate their population. We surveyed when the birds are most active during early morning (0600–0930 h) and later afternoon (1530–1900 h). We calculated grass importance value index (IVI), grass species composition, grass height, relative frequency of grass species, relative density of grass species, percent of grass ground coverage, presence/absence of human activity, and presence/absence of livestock to assess the habitat condition. We recorded 18 individuals (16 males and 2 females) inside the core of the reserve, where the habitat is dominated by Imperata cylindrica. Human disturbance had a negative impact on occurrence of the florican. We recommend implementing a Bengal Florican-specific conservation action plan to promote community-based conservation and restrict human encroachment in the grassland habitat.

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Geoecological assessment methods of the radiation hazard of the use of rocks in the building materials industry

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20199703020 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 ◽

pp. 03020

Author(s):

Daria Buzina ◽

Igor Engovatov

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Natural Radionuclides ◽

Raw Material ◽

Radiation Hazard ◽

Radiation Characteristics ◽

Radiation Background ◽

Human Environment ◽

Industrial Buildings

The production of human activity has led to the formation of technogenic radiation background, which is formed in its habitat due to initially distributed in the structures of the earth, particularly in rocks, “eternal” natural radionuclides (NRN). In its turn, rocks are the main raw material for building materials and products from them. Natural radionuclides are a source of radiation hazard to humans and their habitats throughout the entire chain of production and use of building materials for the construction of residential, administrative and industrial buildings. In order to reduce the factors of the negative impact of man-made radiation background on a person it is possible on the basis of studies of the radiation characteristics of building materials and raw materials for their manufacture, to identify sources of NRN in the chain from rocks to industrial production. In turn, the completeness and validity of the results is possible only on the basis of a comprehensive geo-environmental assessment of the radiation hazard characteristics of building materials and raw materials for their manufacture, which will reduce the negative impact on the ecology of the human environment through the use of “radiation-friendly” materials.

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Mental representation of economic crisis in Italian and Swiss samples 1The authors would like to thank Maurizio Mistri for his help in the construction of items. This research was supported by a grant from the Italian Murst (ex 40%).

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024//1421-0185.60.1.11 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 11-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Lucia Savadori ◽

Eraldo Nicotra ◽

Rino Rumiati ◽

Roberto Tamborini

Keyword(s):

Economic Crisis ◽

Mental Representation ◽

Mental Representations ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Raw Material ◽

National Context ◽

Cluster Procedure ◽

Total N ◽

Two Samples ◽

Important Symptom

The content and structure of mental representation of economic crises were studied and the flexibility of the structure in different social contexts was tested. Italian and Swiss samples (Total N = 98) were compared with respect to their judgments as to how a series of concrete examples of events representing abstract indicators were relevant symptoms of economic crisis. Mental representations were derived using a cluster procedure. Results showed that the relevance of the indicators varied as a function of national context. The growth of unemployment was judged to be by far the most important symptom of an economic crisis but the Swiss sample judged bankruptcies as more symptomatic than Italians who considered inflation, raw material prices and external accounts to be more relevant. A different clustering structure was found for the two samples: the locations of unemployment and gross domestic production indicators were the main differences in representations.

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Ecological aspects of modernization of alcohol industry enterprises at the present stage of development

Environmental Problems ◽

10.23939/ep2020.03.179 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 179-184

Author(s):

Marianna Havryshko ◽

◽

Olena Popovych ◽

Halyna Yaremko ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Food Industry ◽

Ph Value ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Raw Material ◽

Present Stage ◽

Alcohol Industry ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

World Industry

At the present stage of development, the entire world industry has faced the problem of rational use of renewable natural resources, in particular the most efficient ways of wastewater treatment and the use of accumulated waste in the production process as a secondary raw material. In particular, the alcohol industry, as one of the components of food, medical, chemical and various industries,leads to the formation of huge amounts of waste, including wastewater. The food industry, like any other industry, has a negative impact on the environment. Water bodies are the most affected by the food industry. Almost the first place in terms of water consumption per unit of production is the production of alcohol. Consumption of large amounts of water leads to the formation of wastewater, which is highly polluted and adversely affects the environment. Due to the high chemical and biological consumption of oxygen, specific color and odor, suspended solids, low pH value, the purification of such waste in the filtration fields and discharge into water bodies is not possible. The purpose of our work is: 1) conducting the analysis of the alcohol industry potential in Ukraine in recent years, and methods of waste disposal as a potential source for the development of bioenergy. 2) environmental aspects of the alcohol industry modernization at present stage of development and implementation of modern wastewater treatment technologies.

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