scholarly journals A UTILIZAÇÃO DE ADORNOS CORPORAIS NA PRÉ- HISTÓRIA DA ÁREA ARQUEOLÓGICA DO SERIDÓ – RN

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Daniela Cisneiros ◽  
Nathalia Nogueira ◽  
Camila Santos
Keyword(s):  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Funerary Rituals ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Graphic Elements

Os adornos corporais estão entre as primeiras manifestações simbólicas produzidas pelo Homo sapiens e evidenciadas em dados arqueológicos. São fontes portadoras de informações sobre tecnologia e identidade. A região do Seridó apresenta em seu acervo arqueológico elementos materiais e gráficos que atestam o uso desses adornos na pré-história. O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as tipologias, usos e funções dos adornos nos contextos funerários e rupestres do Seridó Potiguar. Os dados de 11 sítios analisados permitiram inferir que os grupos que habitaram a região em períodos pré-históricos utilizavam-se de adornos de diversas tipologias (adornos de cabeça, colares e pingentes); confeccionados com diferentes matérias-primas e utilizados em distintos contextos (rituais funerários, caça, sexo e violência). THE USE OF PERSONAL ORNAMENTS IN PREHISTORY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREA OF SERIDÓ - RN  ABSTRACTThe personal ornaments are among the first symbolic manifestations produced by Homo sapiens sapiens and manifested in archaeological data. They are sources of information about technology and identity. The Seridó region has material and graphic elements in its archaeological collection that attest to the use of ornaments in prehistory. This paper aimsto present the types, uses, and functions of ornaments in the funerary and rock art of Seridó Potiguar. The data from 11 analyzed sites allowed us to infer that the groups that inhabited the region in prehistoric periods used ornaments of different types (head ornaments, necklaces, and pendants) made with different raw materials and used in different contexts (funerary rituals, hunting, sex, and violence).Keywords: Personal ornaments; Seridó Prehistory; Rock Art

scholarly journals Analysis of portable rock art from Foz do Medal (Northwest Iberia): Magdalenian images of horses and aurochs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia SOARES DE FIGUEIREDO ◽  
Natália BOTICA ◽  
Primitiva BUENO RAMIREZ ◽  
Anna TSOUPRA ◽  
José MIRÃO
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Preliminary Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multiple Approach ◽  
The One ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
Cave Art

Studies focusing on Palaeolithic portable rock art have a long tradition in Europe. Nevertheless, they tend to only focus over formal and stylistic criteria of the motifs, important as they provide chronologies for cave art. This article proposes a multiple approach to a sample of 25 engraved plaques of the Foz do Medal archaeological site, where horses and aurochs were depicted, in order to construct a preliminary model able to guide the future analysis of the whole collection composed of more than 1500 fragments. On the one hand, relevant archaeological data was collected and systematized into a database that can be subjected to statistical analysis, for which we develop different variables and their respective attributes. On the other hand, laboratory techniques of analysis and examination of materials were applied, valuing the motifs details, their potential surface treatment by fire or pigments ornamentation, as well as the identification of raw materials and their origins. In this article, we present the obtained results, which allow us to propose some hypotheses regarding the social importance of this specific kind of artefact, as well as its possible manipulations.

PU composites based on different types of textile fibers

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110316
Author(s):  
Nuno Gama ◽  
B Godinho ◽  
Ana Barros-Timmons ◽  
Artur Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
High Water ◽  
Textile Fibers ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Hydrophilic Nature ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recycled Composites

In this study polyurethane (PU) residues were mixed with residues of textile fibers (cotton, wool and synthetic fibers up to 70 wt/wt) to produce 100% recycled composites. In addition, the effect of the type of fiber on the performance of the ensuing composites was evaluated. The presence of fibers showed similar effect on the density, reducing the density in the 5.5-9.0% range. In a similar manner, the addition of fillers decreased their thermal conductivity. The 70 wt/wt wool composite presented 38.1% lower thermal conductivity when compared to the neat matrix, a reduction that was similar for the other type of fibers. Moreover, the presence of fillers yields stiffer materials, especially in the case of the Wool based composites, which with 70 wt/wt of filler content increased the tensile modulus of the ensuing material 3.4 times. This was attributed to the aspect ratio and stiffness of this type of fiber. Finally, the high-water absorption and lower thermal stability observed, especially in the case of the natural fibers, was associated with the hydrophilic nature of fibers and porosity of composites. Overall, the results suggest that these textile-based composites are suitable for construction and automotive applications, with the advantage of being produced from 100% recycled raw-materials, without compromised performance.

scholarly journals Modified Nanoclays/Straw Fillers as Functional Additives of Natural Rubber Biocomposites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 799
Author(s):  
Justyna Miedzianowska ◽  
Marcin Masłowski ◽  
Przemysław Rybiński ◽  
Krzysztof Strzelec
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Damping Properties ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Functional Additives ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
The Impact

Increasingly, raw materials of natural origin are used as fillers in polymer composites. Such biocomposites have satisfactory properties. To ensure above-average functional properties, modifications of biofillers with other materials are also used. The presented research work aimed to produce and characterize elastomeric materials with a straw-based filler and four different types of montmorillonite. The main research goal was to obtain improved functional parameters of vulcanizates based on natural rubber. A series of composites filled with straw and certain types of modified and unmodified nano-clays in various ratios and amounts were prepared. Then, they were subjected to a series of tests to assess the impact of the hybrids used on the final product. It has been shown that the addition of optimal amounts of biofillers can, inter alia, increase the tensile strength of the composite, improve damping properties, extend the burning time of the material and affect the course of vulcanization or cross-linking density.

Adhesives for the Installation of Cast Basalt Elements on Metal and Comparison of Properties when Using Different Types of Fillers

2021 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Jakub Hodul ◽  
Tomáš Žlebek ◽  
Lenka Mészárosová ◽  
Aleš Jakubík ◽  
Rostislav Drochytka
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mineral Admixtures ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Metal Base ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Ecological Benefit ◽  
Different Types

The polymeric adhesives for the installation of basalt elements on a metal base are designed primarily for environments with increased chemical and mechanical stress. They are composed of polymer resins (epoxy, polyurethane) as binders, as well as organic additives and mineral admixtures that mainly fulfill the function of filler. In all sectors of today's construction industry, maximum efficiency in the production of materials is required for sustainability purposes, which, however, must never be at the expense of the quality or the required performance. Due to these requirements, great emphasis is placed on the maximum use of secondary raw materials. Talc is used as the primary filler for polymer adhesives. Sawdust, tire rubber, and fly ash are used as secondary raw materials. The use of these in building supplies can positively affect some physical and mechanical properties of polymeric adhesives. Also, the use of secondary raw materials has the above-mentioned ecological benefit. Basic properties, such as bulk density and adhesion to both metallic and basalt elements, were monitored. The details of the cohesion of the adhesive with the bonded material, as well as the distribution of secondary raw materials in the polymer matrix, were assessed microscopically.

Textiles and perishable materials

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Banck-Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Textile Production ◽  
Funerary Rituals ◽  
The Status

This chapter challenges traditional views on Iron Age dress. Recent research has greatly enhanced our understanding of how textiles were manufactured in Iron Age Europe. The variety of qualities, textures, techniques, raw materials, colours, and cuts give insights into the detailed knowledge of the craftspeople involved. Textiles used for dress, blankets, or furniture fittings were appreciated not only for their appearance, but also for the quality of the work. In everyday life, their optical qualities were used to express and signal gender, social roles and status, while the labour expended on textiles found in wealthy burials underlines both the status of the deceased and the extent of conspicuous consumption in funerary rituals—for instance, for wrapping grave furniture and goods. The chapter also looks at experimental data showing how labour-intensive textile production was, and the types of clothing and accessories found in different archaeological contexts or depicted in visual representations.

scholarly journals A proof of concept for machine learning-based virtual knapping using neural networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordy Didier Orellana Figueroa ◽  
Jonathan Scott Reeves ◽  
Shannon P. McPherron ◽  
Claudio Tennie
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Training Sample ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Surface Information ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Testing Dataset ◽  
Intact Core ◽  
Key Variables

AbstractPrehistoric stone tools are an important source of evidence for the study of human behavioural and cognitive evolution. Archaeologists use insights from the experimental replication of lithics to understand phenomena such as the behaviours and cognitive capacities required to manufacture them. However, such experiments can require large amounts of time and raw materials, and achieving sufficient control of key variables can be difficult. A computer program able to accurately simulate stone tool production would make lithic experimentation faster, more accessible, reproducible, less biased, and may lead to reliable insights into the factors that structure the archaeological record. We present here a proof of concept for a machine learning-based virtual knapping framework capable of quickly and accurately predicting flake removals from 3D cores using a conditional adversarial neural network (CGAN). We programmatically generated a testing dataset of standardised 3D cores with flakes knapped from them. After training, the CGAN accurately predicted the length, volume, width, and shape of these flake removals using the intact core surface information alone. This demonstrates the feasibility of machine learning for investigating lithic production virtually. With a larger training sample and validation against archaeological data, virtual knapping could enable fast, cheap, and highly-reproducible virtual lithic experimentation.

scholarly journals MEASUREMENT ERRORS AFFECTING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTI-POSITION SYSTEMS, AND WAYS TO REDUCE THEM

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 333-346
Author(s):  
Andriy Аrtikula ◽  
Dmytro Britov ◽  
Volodymyr Dzhus ◽  
Borys Haibadulov ◽  
Anastasiia Haibadulova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Single System ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Different Types ◽  
System Errors ◽  
System Characteristics

Modern wide development of science and technology causes the growth of information needs in all branches of human development. At present, there are all opportunities to increase information security by combining sources of information into a single system. At the same time, when merging, specific difficulties and features emerge, which together make it difficult to implement the proposed solutions. The paper considers the peculiarity of combining different types of radar stations into a single information system. Errors of measurements of separate parameters and their influence on system characteristics are considered. Options for solving the problems that have arisen are proposed.

scholarly journals Consumer Information Search Behavior for Experiential and Material Purchases

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asli Elif Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Direct Observation ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Search Behavior ◽  
Consumer Information ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Material Purchases ◽  
Information Search Behavior ◽  
Consumer Information Search

The objective of this study is to determine whether sources of information consulted and the extent of information search differ between experiential and material purchases. For this purpose two experimental studies were conducted. It is demonstrated that moving along the experiential-material purchase continuum; consumers’ reliance on personal sources, especially personal independent sources intensifies towards experiential purchase pole and decreases towards material purchase pole. In addition, for material purchases; direct observation is preferred more compared to personal sources of information. Finally, it is revealed that the total amount of search is greater for experiential purchases than material purchases. The results suggest that experiential and material purchases require different types of search conduct due to their distinct natures.

scholarly journals Probable evidence of a Middle Palaeolithic site in the northern parts of the Susiana Plain, Khuzestan, Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 424-433
Author(s):  
Saeid Bahramiyan
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Middle Palaeolithic ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Zagros Mountains ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Considerable Body ◽  
The Karkheh River

There is a considerable body of studies regarding the activities of the Pleistocene human population in the Zagros and Alborz regions of Iran, as well as significant progress in the Palaeolithic studies in other regions, such as the foothills, plains and deserts’ margins. However, some of these peripheral regions and foothills are still neglected, and the information about the Palaeolithic period in these areas is limited. Khuzestan province, especially its northern regions, is one of these unstudied regions, yet the limited information about this region seems very interesting. Khervali, located on the western foothills of the Zagros Mountains and on the northern heights of Susa, nearby the western bank of the Karkheh River, is one of the few Palaeolithic sites identified in recent years. The site was identified in 2012 and was systemically surveyed. Due to the extension of the site and the distribution of the artefacts, sampling all the site was not feasible, therefore, four sections of the site were chosen for taking the samples and a total of 330 stone artefacts were collected. The results of the techno-typology analyses, as well as the frequency of the flakes, the Levallois samples and different types of scrapers, revealed that the artefacts date to the middle Palaeolithic period, with considerable access to the local raw materials.

scholarly journals ASIAN MARITIME TRANSPORT IN ASIA: A BRIEF STATISTICAL ESSAY

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Alexander Akimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
Bulk Carriers ◽  
Sea Transportation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Container Ports ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Flag Of Convenience

The article describes the state of the Asian merchant marine fleet as of 2018. The main trends of international Maritime trade are described, the composition of the fleet by types of vessels is characterized, and the main directions of trade by groups of goods transported by different types of vessels are shown. The transition of leadership in tonnage from tankers to bulk carriers is revealed, due to the reduction of the role of oil in sea transportation and the formation of flows of raw materials and coal for the ferrous metallurgy to China. The largest container ports in the world are shown, among which East Asian ports predominate. Two leading flag of convenience countries in Asia have been identified – Hong Kong and Singapore. In the global shipbuilding industry, three East Asian countries – China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea – account for 90 % of ship production.

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