scholarly journals Application of complex radiation and refrigeration technology for antiseptic treatment and preservation of the quality of mushrooms

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
N. S. Shishkina ◽  
O. V. Karastoyanova ◽  
N. I. Fedyanina ◽  
N. V. Korovkina
Keyword(s):  
Gaseous Medium ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Accelerated Electrons ◽  
Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene ◽  
Antiseptic Treatment ◽  
Oriented Polypropylene ◽  
Physical Processing

The use of effective physical processing methods to preserve food and agricultural products is gaining more and more popularity every year. This article presents a complex technology, including processing by accelerated electrons with doses of 1–3 kGy at a beam energy of 5 MeV. The efficiency of application of processing with accelerated electrons and modification of the composition of the gaseous medium for optimization of the technology of refrigerated storage of champignon mushrooms has been investigated. The technology parameters have been established to ensure microbiological safety and preservation of the consumer qualities of mushrooms under production conditions. The treatment with accelerated electrons at doses of 1–3 kGy in combination with cooling and modification of the composition of the gaseous medium delayed the postharvest maturation processes and led to an increase in the storage time of mushrooms up to 20 days (control 10–14 days). The modification of the composition of the gaseous medium was ensured by the selective gas permeability of the used packaging material (polypropylene, polyethylene, biaxially oriented polypropylene) and the respiration of the raw material. Depending on the intended purpose of the product - fresh sale or further processing (drying, freezing, etc.), the technology under consideration, due to the differentiated choice of technological parameters of storage and processing, allows to control changes in organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological indicators of the quality of mushrooms in a targeted manner. Packaging made of biaxially oriented polypropylene and polypropylene should be used for mushrooms for processing, due to the best preservation of the structure of plant tissue, as a result of slowing down the ripening processes and delaying aging and spoilage, for the sale of fresh mushrooms, it is most effective to use polyethylene packaging.

Hygienic Conditions and Microbial Contamination in Six Ewe's-Milk-Processing Plants in Sardinia, Italy

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOFIA COSENTINO ◽  
FRANCESCA PALMAS
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Milk Processing ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Ewe's Milk

In Sardinia, ewe's milk is almost exclusively used for cheese manufacture, and it is usually processed in small dairies which do not have sufficient technical and scientific knowledge for largescale controlled production. This study was carried out to identify the sources of contamination and the kinds of contaminating microorganisms present in six ewe's milk processing plants in Sardinia. Samples were collected during production hours three times over a period of 6 months. Raw milk, heat-treated milk, curd, 30-day-old cheese, lactic culture, rennet, and water used in processing lines were analyzed and the microbial contamination of air and surfaces was evaluated. Total mesophilic aerobic counts, coliforms, Escherichia coli, gram-negative psychrotrophs, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., yeasts, and molds were determined. Our survey confirmed that the production offood of high microbiological quality is strictly dependent on the microbiological quality of the raw material, optimization of the parameters for the heat treatment, water of potable quality, well-defined cleaning and disinfection procedures, and properly hygienic processing conditions. In fact, only plants characterized by raw milk and rennet of acceptable quality, generally clean work surfaces, and low microbial counts in the air of working areas made finished products of high microbiological quality. Standardization of technological parameters and achievement of properly hygienic processing conditions will help minimize the risk of developing food-safety problems, in compliance with public health regulatory requirements. These actions would help guarantee an adequate quality of Sardinian ewe's milk cheeses and might also lead to access to the international market.

Packages and Mitsubishi — International Joint Venture Negotiations

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 55-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humaira Arif ◽  
Arif Nazir Butt
Keyword(s):  
Joint Venture ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Senior Management ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
International Joint Venture ◽  
Material Supply ◽  
Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene ◽  
Oriented Polypropylene ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Three Phases

This case covers the negotiations between Packages Limited, Pakistan (Packages) and Mitsubishi Corporation, Japan (Mitsubishi) for the formation of a joint venture to produce Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene (BOPP) film in Pakistan. Packages was established in Pakistan in 1957 as a joint venture between the Wazir Ali Group and AB Auckerland and Rausing of Sweden. Packages manufactured paper and board and converted them to packaging products. Mitsubishi was one of the biggest conglomerates in Japan, operating internationally. In 1992, Syed Babar Ali, founder and advisor to Packages proposed establishing a joint venture with Mitsubishi, during his visit to Japan. Upon returning to Pakistan, he asked Packages' senior management to negotiate a joint venture agreement with Mitsubishi. Both Packages and Mitsubishi agreed in principle to establish a joint venture to manufacture BOPP film in Pakistan. In this case, the negotiation process was divided into three phases. The case describes the issue discussed and tactics employed by the two sides during the three phases. The major issues discussed included the price and capacity of the plant, the reimbursement of Mitsubishi's investment if the company suffered repeated losses, raw material supply from Mitsubishi, equity participation, and the control of the management and the board of the new company. In April, 1993, Mr. Javed Aslam, the Deputy General Manager of Packages, received a quotation of US $6.4 million for a 6000-ton plant from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI). He had to decide if it was feasible for Packages to go ahead with the joint venture with Mitsubishi and what counter offer to make to Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND INDICATORS OF THE QUALITY OF NEW HERBAL COLLECTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kriukova ◽  
Inna Vladymyrova
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Concomitant Treatment ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Active Substances

Rheumatic diseases include more than 1000 nosological forms, among which the highest incidence is osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. The predominantly advanced age, the presence of comorbid diseases, the duration of the course of the disease and the need for concomitant treatment complicate the conduct of anti-inflammatory and analgesic therapy in such patients. Herbal medicines, in particular in the form of doses, due to the mildness of the action and the absence of significant side effects, can be used in the complex therapy of the acute period of rheumatic diseases, as well as for the prevention of relapse. The aim of the presented work was to develop the composition, technology and determination of the quality indices of herbal collection, which reveals analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties and can be used for the prophylaxis and auxiliary therapy of a number of conditions in rheumatology. Materials and methods. In the course of research, the methods used in the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine 2.0 (SPHU) were used. Results. As a result of the analysis of literary data and our own experimental studies on the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of certain types of medicinal plant material, we have developed herbal collection that is recommended for the treatment and prevention of rheumatic diseases of the joints. Studies have been conducted on the development of quality collection indicators, which guarantee the effectiveness, safety, reproducibility of the imposed collection. The basic technological parameters of the raw material are determined: specific, bulk and volume mass, porosity, degree, degree of shredding. In order to prevent uneven mixing, an optimal degree of grinding of the raw material of the investigated collection, which ranges from 0.20 mm to 0.35 mm, is established, which allows obtaining a homogeneous mixture and contributes to the maximum yield of extractive and active substances. A series of experimental works aimed at studying the influence of the method of infusion (for 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes and until complete cooling) on the quality of the collected water extracts from the collection was conducted. The optimal method for setting the collection for 60 minutes is the best, since the content of extractives and flavonoids in the aqueous extract was highest and amounted to 49.57±0.52 % and 0.52±0.03 % respectively. Conclusions. The composition of the herbal drug was developed: Harpagophyti radiх, Sophoraе alabastra, Valvae fructus Phaseoli vulgaris, Polygoni avicularis herba with the following ratio of components 50: 20: 20:10. The technological parameters of the raw material are studied: specific, volumetric and bulk mass, porosity, singularity of raw materials. The optimum degree of shredding of raw material is established, which helps to maximally remove biologically active substances and extractives. Experimental way is determined the optimal mode of collection, which can be recommended to the consumer to obtain the maximum therapeutic effect.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modelling of Process of Shaping of Sand-Pitch Mixes

2019 ◽  
pp. 810-817
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Yu. Kulikov ◽  
Evgeniy N. Eremin ◽  
Tatyana V. Kovalyova ◽  
Elena P. Scherbakova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Static Loading ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
State Density ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Deformed State

This article considers mathematical dependences of properties of a casting mold on various parameters of her shaping. The competitiveness in production of castings depends on durability, reliability of the made details, ability to meet requirements and expectations of the consumer of production. Technological process of receiving castings most widespread now in the sandyargillaceous forms (SAF) not completely meets the modern requirements as it is characterized by different types of marriage: gas porosity, scorch, shrinkable sinks, blockages, hot and cold cracks, and others. The bigger quality of castings gives casting in the sand-pitch forms (SPF) in which the high gas permeability and durability are combined, they don’t resist shrinkage, don’t absorb moisture the stiffening alloy and aren’t inclined to an fallibility. However, one of shortcomings of this way of casting is rather high cost binding. One of the directions of decrease in an expense binding is use along with heating of mix for shaping of a cover and static loading. Other direction of decrease in a consumption of mix in general, and binding in particular, is determination of dependence of properties of a shell form on technological parameters that will promote management of properties of a form, decrease in marriage, etc. Formulas of the intense deformed state, density, amounts of heat of the sand-pitch form made at the same time in the conditions of heating and static loading are presented

scholarly journals Agro-ecological and Technological Quality of Some Apples

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Anton Sotirov ◽  
Nikolay Glavev ◽  
Dimitar Sotirov ◽  
Stanislava Dimitrova ◽  
Nikola Pistalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apple Juice ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Gold Rush ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
Cold Pressed

The aim of the study is to investigate cloudy apple juices, produced from 83 apple varieties, grown by the Institute of Agriculture in town of Kyustendil, Bulgaria for their main ecological and technological parameters, in view of their safety for the population and the possibilities for their use as raw material in the food industry. The study found, that the apples are environmentally friendly for the studied parameters. Technologically, there are varieties with the highest juice yields (over 70%) - Defloga, Ginger Gold, Gold Rush, Granny Smith, and Melrose. The most tasty and colored juices of fresh fruit and fruit flour are separated from the Florina, Free Redstar, Ginger Gold, Gold Rush, Golden Delicious, and Granny Smith. Some practically do not give juice and material for fruit flour with the applied method 100% cold-pressed apple juice, but they produce puree with high quality as the Belgolden, Braeburn, Charden, and Red Delicious. There were observed very stable approximate ratios between Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, and Salt content in the juices as follows: Cond./TDS=1.5, TDS/Salt=1.3, Cond./Salt=2. Retio between Total Sugar Content and Total Acidity - Brix/pH = 3-5, as the most tasty and with good color juices have ratio Brix/pH=4.

scholarly journals ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ДУБЛЮВАННЯ ДЕТАЛЕЙ ОДЯГУ ІЗ ШТУЧНОГО ХУТРА

2021 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
А. П. Бусько ◽  
А. Т. Арабулі
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Systematic Analysis

Analysis of the features of the structure of faux fur of different raw materials to improve the shape stability of products and increase the exploitation process. Determination of technological parameters of the process of duplication of garments made of faux fur at which a standardized level of quality of the duplication operation is duplicated.Performing experimental investigation to determine the physical and mechanical properties of artificial fur. The work used the well-known methods for determining the flexural stiffness, air permeability and hydrophobicity of artificial fur were used in the work. Theoretical and experimental investigation is based on the basic principles of textile materials science. Systematic analysis and generalization were used to determine the state of the question and set the task. The experiment of the process of duplication of faux fur parts was planned and two-factor mathematical models were obtained, which are adequate to the researched process. The influence of the duplication process on artificial fur of different raw material composition is analyzed. The values of indicators of physical and mechanical properties of modern faux fur are determined. On the basis of two-factor mathematical models, recommendations are given on the choice of technological parameters of duplication of garments made of faux fur. The regularities of the process of duplicated of garment parts made of faux fur with adhesive gasket material under static loading are established. The values of indicators of physical and mechanical properties of modern faux fur are determined. The obtained scientific results allow at the design stage to rationally select faux fur in the manufacture of outerwear, and certain rational technological parameters of the process of duplication of garments from faux fur allow to ensure a standardized level of quality of duplication operation while minimizing energy losses of equipment.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING DISTILLATE PRODUCTION FROM DRIED JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE

2019 ◽  
pp. 184-195 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Ethyl Caproate ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACT In this paper, it is proposed to use dried Jerusalem artichoke as a raw material for distillate production. The purpose of the research was to develop a distillate technology from dried Jerusalem artichoke and to determine the criteria for assessing its quality. The work revealed patterns of changes in the concentrations of the main distillate volatile components, depending on the strength of the fermented wort and its composition. It was established that the increase in the strength of fermented wort by 2.0-2.5 %, leads to an increase in the yield of distillate on average by 3.0 % and enriching it with valuable volatile components. A new technical solution was proposed, based on the regulation of the strength of fermented wort from Jerusalem artichoke due to the addition of distillate. A high degree of correlation was established between the tasting evaluation of Jerusalem artichoke distillates and the concentration of 1-propanol, ethyl caproate, ethyl caprylate, the sum of enanthic ethers, the ratio of C3 and C4 alcohols, and was found the ratio of the amount of enanthic ethers to ethyl acetate. It is proposed to use the methanol concentration, the content of enanthic ethers, the total content of carbonyl compounds, the ratio of the sum of enanthic ethers to the concentration of ethyl acetate as criteria for assessing the quality of distillates from dried Jerusalem artichoke

scholarly journals Effects of technological parameters of the ultrasonic treatment on the extraction yield and quality of banana (Musa Paradisiaca L.) juice

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Hanh Thi Hong Tran ◽  
Man Van Viet Le
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Treatment ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Juice Quality ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Banana Juice

In this study, the effects of ultrasonic power, temperature and time on the extraction yield and banana juice quality were investigated. The appropriate conditions of the ultrasonic treatment of banana mash were as follows: sonication power of 15,4W/g of raw material, temperature of 50oC and time of 90 sec. Under these conditions, the extraction yield achieved maximum of 53,5% and this value was 30% higher than that in the control without ultrasonic treatment. In addition, the level of total sugar, phenolics, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity of banana juice in the sonicated sample was 65,6 g/L, 347 mg/L, 81 mg/L and 535,5 μmol TEAC/L, respectively; and these values were 201%, 163%, 80% and 146% higher than those in the control sample.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

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