scholarly journals Effect of Traditional Household Processes on Iron, Zinc and Copper Bioaccessibility in Black Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Feitosa ◽  
Ralf Greiner ◽  
Ann-Katrin Meinhardt ◽  
Alexandra Müller ◽  
Deusdélia T. Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Black Beans ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Micronutrient deficiencies are a major public health problem. Beans are an important plant-based source of iron, zinc and copper, but their absorption is reduced in the presence of anti-nutrients such as phytates, polyphenols and tannins. Soaking and discarding the soaking water before cooking is unanimously recommended, but this can result in mineral loss. Data on the consequences for mineral bioaccessibility is still limited. This study aimed to evaluate iron, zinc and copper bioaccessibility in black beans cooked (regular pan, pressure cooker) with and without the soaking water. Minerals were quantified by ICP-MS, myo-inositol phosphates (InsP5, InsP6) by HPLC ion-pair chromatography, total polyphenols using Folin-Denis reagent and condensed tannins using Vanillin assay. Mineral bioaccessibility was determined by in vitro digestion and dialysis. All treatments resulted in a statistically significant reduction of total polyphenols (30%) and condensed tannins (20%). Only when discarding the soaking water a loss of iron (6%) and copper (30%) was observed, and InsP6 was slightly decreased (7%) in one treatment. Bioaccessibility of iron and zinc were low (about 0.2% iron and 35% zinc), but copper presented high bioaccessibility (about 70%). Cooking beans under pressure without discarding the soaking water resulted in the highest bioaccessibility levels among all household procedures. Discarding the soaking water before cooking did not improve the nutritional quality of the beans.

scholarly journals Effect of Traditional Household Processes on Iron, Zinc and Copper Bioaccessibility in Black Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Foods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Feitosa ◽  
Ralf Greiner ◽  
Ann-Katrin Meinhardt ◽  
Alexandra Müller ◽  
Deusdélia Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Black Beans

Micronutrient deficiencies are a major public health problem. Beans are an important plant-based source of iron, zinc and copper, but their absorption is reduced in the presence of anti-nutrients such as phytates, polyphenols and tannins. Soaking and discarding the soaking water before cooking is unanimously recommended, but this can result in mineral loss. Data on the consequences for mineral bioaccessibility is still limited. This study aimed to evaluate iron, zinc and copper bioaccessibility in black beans cooked (regular pan, pressure cooker) with and without the soaking water. For that, three batches of black beans were investigated in triplicate, each split in nine parts (raw grains and four different household processes in duplicate) and analyzed by applying the quarter technique, resulting in a grand total of 164 samples. Minerals were quantified by ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), myo-inositol phosphates (InsP5, InsP6) by HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) ion-pair chromatography, total polyphenols using Folin-Denis reagent and condensed tannins using Vanillin assay. Mineral bioaccessibility was determined by in vitro digestion and dialysis. All treatments resulted in a statistically significant reduction of total polyphenols (30%) and condensed tannins (20%). Only when discarding the soaking water a loss of iron (6%) and copper (30%) was observed, and InsP6 was slightly decreased (7%) in one treatment. The bioaccessibility of iron and zinc were low (about 0.2% iron and 35% zinc), but copper presented high bioaccessibility (about 70%). Cooking beans under pressure without discarding the soaking water resulted in the highest bioaccessibility levels among all household procedures. Discarding the soaking water before cooking did not improve the nutritional quality of the beans.

Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds for Diabetes Management: Important Advances for Drug Discovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kondeti Ramudu Shanmugam ◽  
Bhasha Shanmugam ◽  
Gangigunta Venkatasubbaiah ◽  
Sahukari Ravi ◽  
Kesireddy Sathyavelu Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Major Public Health Problem

Background : Diabetes is a major public health problem in the world. It affects each and every part of the human body and also leads to organ failure. Hence, great progress made in the field of herbal medicine and diabetic research. Objectives: Our review will focus on the effect of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants which are used to treat diabetes in India and other countries. Methods: Information regarding diabetes, oxidative stress, medicinal plants and bioactive compounds were collected from different search engines like Science direct, Springer, Wiley online library, Taylor and francis, Bentham Science, Pubmed and Google scholar. Data was analyzed and summarized in the review. Results and Conclusion: Anti-diabetic drugs that are in use have many side effects on vital organs like heart, liver, kidney and brain. There is an urgent need for alternative medicine to treat diabetes and their disorders. In India and other countries herbal medicine was used to treat diabetes. Many herbal plants have antidiabetic effects. The plants like ginger, phyllanthus, curcumin, aswagandha, aloe, hibiscus and curcuma showed significant anti-hyperglycemic activities in experimental models and humans. The bioactive compounds like Allicin, azadirachtin, cajanin, curcumin, querceitin, gingerol possesses anti-diabetic, antioxidant and other pharmacological properties. This review focuses on the role of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants in prevention and management of diabetes. Conclusion: Moreover, our review suggests that bioactive compounds have the potential therapeutic potential against diabetes. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to validate these findings.

scholarly journals Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of (Piperidin-1-yl)quinolin-3-yl)methylene)hydrazinecarbothioamides as Potent Inhibitors of Cholinesterases: A Biochemical and In Silico Approach

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Rubina Munir ◽  
Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman ◽  
Shahzad Murtaza ◽  
Sumera Zaib ◽  
Noman Javid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Dual Inhibitor ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Ic50 Values

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by central cognitive dysfunction, memory loss, and intellectual decline poses a major public health problem affecting millions of people around the globe. Despite several clinically approved drugs and development of anti-Alzheimer’s heterocyclic structural leads, the treatment of AD requires safer hybrid therapeutics with characteristic structural and biochemical properties. In this endeavor, we herein report a microwave-assisted synthesis of a library of quinoline thiosemicarbazones endowed with a piperidine moiety, achieved via the condensation of 6/8-methyl-2-(piperidin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carbaldehydes and (un)substituted thiosemicarbazides. The target N-heterocyclic products were isolated in excellent yields. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were fully established using readily available spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, 1H- and 13C-NMR). Anti-Alzheimer potential of the synthesized heterocyclic compounds was evaluated using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. The in vitro biochemical assay results revealed several compounds as potent inhibitors of both enzymes. Among them, five compounds exhibited IC50 values less than 20 μM. N-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-((8-methyl-2-(piperidin-1-yl)quinolin-3-yl)methylene)hydrazine carbothioamide emerged as the most potent dual inhibitor of AChE and BChE with IC50 values of 9.68 and 11.59 μM, respectively. Various informative structure–activity relationship (SAR) analyses were also concluded indicating the critical role of substitution pattern on the inhibitory efficacy of the tested derivatives. In vitro results were further validated through molecular docking analysis where interactive behavior of the potent inhibitors within the active pocket of enzymes was established. Quinoline thiosemicarbazones were also tested for their cytotoxicity using MTT assay against HepG2 cells. Among the 26 novel compounds, there were five cytotoxical and 18 showed proliferative properties.

scholarly journals Non-Toxic Virucidal Macromolecules Show High Efficacy Against Influenza Virus Ex Vivo and In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozgun Kocabiyik ◽  
Valeria Cagno ◽  
Paulo Jacob Silva ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Laura Sedano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
New Class ◽  
Influenza Strain ◽  
Low Toxicity

AbstractInfluenza is one of the most widespread viral infections worldwide and represents a major public health problem. The risk that one of the next pandemics is caused by an influenza strain is very high. It is very important to develop broad-spectrum influenza antivirals to be ready for any possible vaccine shortcomings. Anti-influenza drugs are available but they are far from ideal. Arguably, an ideal antiviral should target conserved viral domains and be virucidal, i.e. irreversibly inhibit viral infectivity. Here, we describe a new class of broad-spectrum anti-influenza macromolecules that meets these criteria and displays exceedingly low toxicity. These compounds are based on a cyclodextrin core modified on its primary face with long hydrophobic linkers terminated in 6’sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine (6’SLN) or 3’SLN. SLN enables nanomolar inhibition of the viruses while the hydrophobic linkers confer irreversibility to the inhibition. The combination of these two properties allows for efficacy in vitro against several human or avian influenza strains, as well as against a 2009 pandemic influenza strain ex vivo. Importantly, we show that, in mice, the compounds provide therapeutic efficacy when administered 24h post-infection allowing 90% survival as opposed to no survival for the placebo and oseltamivir..

scholarly journals Antimalarial Activities of Peptide Antibiotics Isolated from Fungi

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Nagaraj ◽  
M. V. Uma ◽  
M. S. Shivayogi ◽  
Hemalatha Balaram
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Peptide Antibiotics ◽  
Mass Spectral Analysis ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Micromolar Range

ABSTRACT Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is a major public health problem in the developing countries of the world. Clinical treatment of malaria has become complicated due to the occurrence of infections caused by drug resistant parasites. Secondary metabolites from fungi are an attractive source of chemotherapeutic agents. This work reports the isolation and in vitro antiplasmodial activities of peptide antibiotics of fungal origin. The three peptide antibiotics used in this study were efrapeptins, zervamicins, and antiamoebin. The high-performance liquid chromatography-purified peptides were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectral analysis. All three fungal peptides kill P. falciparum in culture with 50% inhibitory concentrations in the micromolar range. A possible mode of action of these peptide antibiotics on P. falciparum is presented.

Development of new dinuclear Fe(III) coordination compounds with in vitro nanomolar antitrypanosomal activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Figuerôa Moreira ◽  
Juliana de Araujo Portes ◽  
Nathalia Florencia Barros Azeredo ◽  
Christiane Fernandes ◽  
Adolfo Horn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Coordination Compounds ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Protozoan Pathogen

Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi. The disease is the major public health problem affecting about 6 to 7 million people worldwide,...

scholarly journals Platelet-Rich Plasma Improves the Wound Healing Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Paracrine and Metabolism Alterations

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Hersant ◽  
Mounia Sid-Ahmed ◽  
Laura Braud ◽  
Maud Jourdan ◽  
Yasmine Baba-Amer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Safe Alternative

Chronic and acute nonhealing wounds represent a major public health problem, and replacement of cutaneous lesions by the newly regenerated skin is challenging. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were separately tested in the attempt to regenerate the lost skin. However, these treatments often remained inefficient to achieve complete wound healing. Additional studies suggested that PRP could be used in combination with MSC to improve the cell therapy efficacy for tissue repair. However, systematic studies related to the effects of PRP on MSC properties and their ability to rebuild skin barrier are lacking. We evaluated in a mouse exhibiting 4 full-thickness wounds, the skin repair ability of a treatment combining human adipose-derived MSC and human PRP by comparison to treatment with saline solution, PRP alone, or MSC alone. Wound healing in these animals was measured at day 3, day 7, and day 10. In addition, we examined in vitro and in vivo whether PRP alters in MSC their proangiogenic properties, their survival, and their proliferation. We showed that PRP improved the efficacy of engrafted MSC to replace lost skin in mice by accelerating the wound healing processes and ameliorating the elasticity of the newly regenerated skin. In addition, we found that PRP treatment stimulated in vitro, in a dose-dependent manner, the proangiogenic potential of MSC through enhanced secretion of soluble factors like VEGF and SDF-1. Moreover, PRP treatment ameliorated the survival and activated the proliferation of in vitro cultured MSC and that these effects were accompanied by an alteration of the MSC energetic metabolism including oxygen consumption rate and mitochondrial ATP production. Similar observations were found in vivo following combined administration of PRP and MSC into mouse wounds. In conclusion, our study strengthens that the use of PRP in combination with MSC might be a safe alternative to aid wound healing.

scholarly journals Influence of In Vitro Digestion on Antioxidant Activity of Enriched Apple Snacks with Grape Juice

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1681
Author(s):  
Constanza Pavez-Guajardo ◽  
Sandra R. S. Ferreira ◽  
Simone Mazzutti ◽  
María Estuardo Guerra-Valle ◽  
Guido Sáez-Trautmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ohmic Heating ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility

Fruits are sources of bioactive compounds (BACs), such as polyphenols. This research aimed to study the in vitro bioaccessibility of polyphenols from enriched apple snacks with grape juice and determine their antioxidant capacity. Impregnation (I) treatments were carried out at atmospheric pressure and in a vacuum (IV) at 30, 40, and 50 °C and their combinations with ohmic heating (OH), I/OH, and IV/OH. Later, samples were dehydrated by forced convection at 40, 50, and 60 °C. Enriched samples were subjected to in vitro digestion. The total polyphenols, monomeric polyphenols, and antioxidant activities were determined from recovered extracts. Results showed that total polyphenols present in higher concentrations in the gastric phase, 271.85 ± 7.64 mg GAE/100 g d.m. Monomeric polyphenols’ behavior during in vitro digestion for the VI/OH 50 °C and dried treatment (60 °C) was descending, mainly in quercetin, which decreased by 49.38% concerning the initial concentration, before digestion. The cyanin, catechin, epicatechin, and epigallocatechin decreased by 26.66%, 20.71%, 23.38%, and 21.73%, respectively. Therefore, based on obtained results, the IV/OH 50 °C treatment (dried 60 °C) is the best combination to incorporate polyphenols from grape juice.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Terpene-Containing Essential Oils on the Proliferation ofEchinococcus granulosusLarval Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara María Albani ◽  
Guillermo María Denegri ◽  
María Celina Elissondo
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Vitro Effect

Human cystic echinococcosis remains a major public health problem on several countries and the treatment strategies are not solved. The aim of the present work was to determine the in vitro effect of thymol andMentha piperita,M. pulegium,andRosmarinus officinalisessential oils on the proliferation ofE. granulosuslarval cells. Isolated cells and cellular aggregates were obtained from hydatid cyst’s germinal layer and exposed to 1, 5, and 10 μg/ml of thymol and the different essential oils for 7 days. Drug effect was evaluated using test viability and scanning electron microscopy. Control cell culture viability was 2.1 x 106(100%) after 7 days of incubation. At day 7, thymol 5 μg/ml caused a reduction in cell viability of 63% and the essential oils ofM. piperita10 μg/ml,M. pulegium10 μg/ml, andR. officinalis10 μg/ml produced a reduction in the viability of 77, 82, and 71%, respectively. Moreover essential oils caused reduction in cell number, collapsed cells, and loss of normal tridimensional composition of the aggregates. Due to the inhibitory effect caused by essential oils onE. granulosuscells we suggested that it would be an effective means for suppression of larval growth.

scholarly journals Zinc Deficiency Is Associated with Anemia Among Children Under 24 Months-of-age in Rural Guatemala (P10-111-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Palacios ◽  
Kristen Hurley ◽  
Silvia De Ponce ◽  
Victor Alfonso ◽  
Nicholas Tilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
York Academy ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objectives Anemia is a major public health problem among young children. In addition to iron deficiency, other micronutrient deficiencies have been associated with anemia. The purpose of this study was to identify biomarkers associated with anemia in children <5 years from rural Guatemala. Methods A total of 182 infants (6–24 m) and 207 preschoolers (36–60 m) were recruited from community surveillance to participate in a randomized controlled trial of nutrition and child development. Methods included measured weight, length/height and venous blood draws. Inclusion criteria were length/height-for-age z-score <-1.0 and Hb >7.0 g/dL. Cross-sectional analyses using generalized linear mixed models of baseline data examined associations between anemia (Hb <11.0 g/dL) and micronutrient deficiencies, adjusting for maternal, child and sociodemographic variables. Iron deficiency was defined as low ferritin based on inflammation status, and/or high soluble transferrin receptor, ≥1.97 mg/L. Deficiencies for other parameters were designated as: zinc <65 µg/dL; vitamin B12 < 200 pg/mL; and plasma folate <3 ng/mL or erythrocyte folate <100 ng/mL. Results Prevalence of anemia was 56% in infants and 12% in preschoolers. Among anemic infants/preschoolers, rates of iron, zinc, folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies were 83/75%; 63/18%; 3/4%; and 9/0%, respectively. For infants, the odds of anemia were higher when children were zinc deficient [OR = 3.59;95%CI (1.64–7.85)], after adjusting for community cluster, sex, age, maternal education and household size. No biomarkers were associated with anemia in preschoolers. Conclusions Iron and zinc are common micronutrient deficiencies in children from low- and middle-income countries. These findings suggest that micronutrient deficiencies coexist among children in Guatemala, and that zinc should be considered as part of the prevention strategies to reduce anemia. In preschoolers, no biomarkers were associated with anemia, suggesting that other biological and psychosocial factors could be influencing anemia in this age group. Funding Sources The Mathile Institute for the Advancement of Human Nutrition, Sackler Institute for Nutrition Science of the New York Academy of Sciences.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document