Systematic Review of Wastewater Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Human Populations

We systematically reviewed studies using wastewater for AMR surveillance in human populations, to determine: (i) the strength of the evidence for a wastewater-human AMR association, and (ii) methodological approaches which optimised identifying such an association, and which could be recommended as standard. We used Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) to quantify agreement between AMR prevalence in wastewater and human compartments, and logistic regression to identify study features (e.g. sampling methods) associated with high-agreement (defined as wastewater-human AMR prevalences within ±10%). Of 8,867 records and 232 full-text methods reviewed, 29 studies were included. AMR prevalence data was extractable from 20 studies conducting phenotypic-only (n=11), genotypic-only (n=1) or combined (n=8) AMR detection. Overall wastewater-human AMR concordance was reasonably high for both phenotypic (CCC=0.81 [95% CI 0.74-0.87]) and genotypic comparisons (CCC=0.88 (95% CI 0.85-0.91)) despite diverse species-phenotypes/genotypes and study design. Logistic regression was limited by inconsistent reporting of study features, and limited sample size; no significant relationships between study features and high wastewater-human AMR agreement were identified. Based on descriptive synthesis, composite/flow-proportional sampling of wastewater influent, longitudinal sampling >12 months, and time/location-matched comparisons generally had higher-agreement. Further research and clear and consistent reporting of study methods is required to confirm optimal practice.

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Whos Chatting?: Interplay between Personality and WhatsApp Use

International Journal of Marketing and Business Communication ◽

10.21863/ijmbc/2015.4.4.022 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Himanshu Rajput

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Big Five ◽

Personality Assessment ◽

The Internet ◽

Big Five Inventory ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Indian Context ◽

High Penetration ◽

The Relationship

Smartphone-based messaging applications have shown phenomenal growth with the proliferation of the internet coupled with the high penetration of smartphones into masses. The current study is an attempt to understand the relationship between the individuals personality and their use of WhatsApp, a popular smartphone-based messaging application in Indian context. For personality assessment the study takes Big Five Inventory. A questionnaire consisting items on individual WhatsApp use and Big Five Inventory was administered to students in an Indian University. Multiple regression and logistic regression revealed significant relationships between personality and WhatsApp usage and use of its different inbuilt functions.

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Playing by different rules: indicators of happiness on playgrounds

10.32920/ryerson.14665089.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michelle Rowland

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Elementary Schools ◽

Critical Role ◽

Pilot Project ◽

Outdoor Play ◽

Social Health ◽

Community Interest ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Public Elementary Schools ◽

Using Data

As our cities continue to urbanize, opportunities for children’s unstructured outdoor play are declining. Play is a right to children, and holds a critical role in children’s lives. Creating opportunities for play during school hours produces significant physical and social health benefits. OPAL (Outdoor Play and Learning) is a registered community interest program originating in England transforming attitudes to play supervision, environment and provision within schools. In Toronto, Canada an OPAL pilot project is being implemented at six public elementary schools. Using data from this pilot, this study examines how differences in happiness while playing at schools vary across play conditions and duration. The study explores baseline data collected in Spring 2016 among 352 of 9-12-year-old children, attending grades 4 to 6. Binomial logistic regression was performed for recess and lunch play showing the correlation between happiness and play duration. There are statistically significant relationships between happiness and play conditions. Key words: outdoor play, unstructured, happiness, children, Toronto

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Acute renal failure in children: outcome and prognostic factors

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi43.6.2003.205-10 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 205

Author(s):

Partini P Trihono ◽

Ommy A Soesilo ◽

Rulina Suradi

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Acute Renal Failure ◽

Prognostic Factors ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

The Mean

Background Acute renal failure (ARF) is an emergency conditionwith a high mortality rate despite the long-known dialysis and ad-vanced supportive care. Only few studies on prognostic factors ofARF in children are available in the literature, which are difficult tocompare to each other due to the different definitions of the ARFoutcome used.Objective To find out the clinical and laboratory characteristics ofchildren with acute renal failure and the prognostic factors affect-ing the outcome.Methods This observational prospective study was conducted onchildren with acute renal failure hospitalized in the Department ofChild Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, between July andDecember 2001. Patients with acute on chronic renal failure wereexcluded. Clinical and laboratory data were taken at the time ofdiagnosis and the outcomes were noted after 2 weeks of observa-tion. We classified the outcome as cured, uncured, and dead. Ana-lytical study was done to find out the relationships among variousprognostic factors.Results Fifty-six children with ARF were recruited in this study.Male to female ratio was 1.3:1; the mean age was 4.4 year-old.The most frequent presenting symptom was dyspnea (34%), fol-lowed by oliguria (29%). The most frequent primary disease wasmalignancy (20%). Most of the patients had renal-type of ARF(73%). The outcomes were cure (71%), no cure (16%), and death(13%). Bivariate analysis and logistic regression revealed thatyounger age (OR=13.6; 95%CI 1.01;183.60) and the need for di-alysis (OR=10; 95%CI 1.53;65.97) had significant relationships withmortality or no cure.Conclusion We should be aware when finding ARF patientsless than 5 year-old and have the indications for dialysis, due tothe poor prognosis they might have

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Conceptual and methodological problems of geopolitics as scientific discipline

Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography ◽

10.30970/vgg.2014.47.875 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 115-123

Author(s):

Myroslav Dnistryanskyy

Keyword(s):

Scientific Discipline ◽

Modern World ◽

Analysis Methodology ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Scientific Analysis ◽

Territorial Organization ◽

Methodological Problems ◽

Methodological Approaches ◽

Conceptual Foundations ◽

Regular Character

Critical analysis of concepts and terminology of geopolitics was made. Paradigm of scientific analysis of global geopolitical processes was proved. The basic modern global political trends were represented. A regularity formation and change of civilizations-cultures were grounded. Significant relationships and dependencies in the geopolitical system in the world were defined. The regular character of the convergence of the territorial organization of political and ethnic areas of the modern world was exposed. Incorrect methodological approaches to the analysis of the geopolitical situation in Ukraine were allocated. Key words: geopolitics, objective geopolitical analysis, methodology of geopolitics, conceptual foundations of geopolitics, geopolitical trends.

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Trends of Diabetes and Prediabetes Prevalence Among Korean Adolescents From 2007 to 2018

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1354 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A663-A664

Author(s):

Jihyun Kim ◽

Jungsub Lim

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Prevalence Data ◽

Korean Adolescents ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Male Subjects ◽

Linear Trends

Abstract Background: To provide updated prevalence data and to estimate changes in the prevalence of diabetes among Korean adolescents by sex and age between 2007 and 2018. Methods: We used the data of children and adolescents (8,718 subjects aged 10 to 18 years) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV-VII (KNHANES 2007-2018). The recent prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes estimated by using the latest KNHANES VII. The linear trends were estimated by comparing 3-year KNHANES cycles according to sex and by using logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes was 0.298% (95% CI, 0.289-0.308) and 7.914% (95%CI, 0.43-0.49). The prevalence of diabetes was a significant increase from 0.189 to 0.430 during KNHANE IV and VII. A positive linear trend is significant for diabetes (p trends=0.006) in only male subjects. The prevalence of pre-diabetes was a significant increase from 5.86 to 12.08 in both sexes. During KNHANES IV and VII, the prevalence of obesity increased significantly. Conclusion: Between 2007 and 2018, the prevalence of diabetes among Korean adolescents increased. Further studies are required to determine the causes of these increases.

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Self-Reported Fears by Hospice Patients at the End of Life

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.795 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 246-247

Author(s):

Jeannette Kates

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

End Of Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Common Symptom ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Admission Data ◽

Hospice Patients ◽

Average Patient ◽

Active Correlation ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Fear is a common emotion that involves the intense anticipation of threat to a person. At end of life, this fear is often conceptualized as existential distress, which suggests a connection to spirituality. Processing impending death is essential to end-of-life closure and acceptance. Existing evidence suggests that spirituality is associated with greater coping, better psychosocial well-being, and dignified dying; however, the relationship between fear and spirituality at end of life, as well as the specific fears experienced, are not known. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between fear and spirituality in patients upon hospice admission. In this retrospective study, admission records from 154 hospice patients were reviewed. Hospice admission data from the psychosocial and spiritual assessments were analyzed using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, and logistic regression. The average patient age was 81 years of age. A slight majority (51.3%) of patients admitted to fears upon hospice admission. Patients reported a range of one to six fears, with the most common fear being “pain and/or suffering.” Forty-seven percent of the patients identified as being “spiritually active.” Correlation analysis revealed no statistically significant relationship between fear and spiritually. Logistic regression analysis revealed some significant relationships between age and certain fears. Fear is a common symptom at the end of life, and appropriate emotional and psychological support should be provided to mitigate the fears. This study suggests that fears may be different for older adults.

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Wastewater Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Human Populations: A Systematic Review

10.20944/preprints202010.0267.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin Chau ◽

Leanne Barker ◽

Natalie Sims ◽

Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern ◽

Eric Budgell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Longitudinal Studies ◽

Study Design ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Population Level ◽

Human Populations ◽

Grab Sampling ◽

Culture Independent ◽

Methodological Approaches ◽

The Impact

Wastewater-based surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) may facilitate convenient monitoring of population-level AMR prevalence without the healthcare-associated bias and data collection restrictions inherent to clinically oriented systems. However, differences in study design and methodology likely contribute to differences in outcomes and interpretation, limiting reproducibility, reliability and meta-analysis. We therefore systematically reviewed studies using wastewater for AMR surveillance in human populations to identify optimal practices to detect wastewater-human AMR correlations. We evaluated 7,063 records and 174 full-text methods in a two-stage screen; 20 studies were included. Risk of bias assessment divided studies into high-risk (n=3), low-risk (n=3) and unclear-risk (n=14). Most studies detected wastewater-human AMR correlations (n=15) but only six studies identified statistically significant associations, most via culture-independent approaches (n=5). Genomic approaches also facilitated higher-resolution AMR monitoring whereas culture-based studies primarily undertook observational comparisons of specific organisms and phenotypic AMR profiles. Studies identifying wastewater-human AMR correlations were consistently associated with sampling wastewater influent irrespective of other methodological approaches. For longitudinal studies, a timeframe of >=6 months was similarly associated. Most influent studies identifying wastewater-human AMR correlations used composite (n=5) or flow-proportional wastewater sampling methods (n=4); however, grab sampling was commonest overall (n=6) and generally appeared similarly effective.Wastewater-based surveillance of AMR in human populations appears relatively robust, with most included studies reporting a correlation despite high diversity in study design and methodology. Our review supports sampling of wastewater influent using composite sampling (at a minimum) as a standard. Impacts of other methodological approaches are less clear; however, a minimum timeframe of six months for longitudinal studies, and increased sampling coverage for culture-independent studies to enable adequate biostatistical analyses appear sensible. As this relatively new field grows, more studies with clear wastewater-based population-level AMR surveillance aims are needed to better determine the impact of confounding features and validate comprehensive “best practice” protocols.

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A 19 Year Analysis of Small Mammals Associated with Human Hantavirus Cases in Chile

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v11090848 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 848

Author(s):

Torres-Pérez ◽

Palma ◽

Boric-Bargetto ◽

Vial ◽

Ferrés ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Small Mammals ◽

Zoonotic Diseases ◽

Human Populations ◽

Southern Chile ◽

Seropositivity Rate ◽

Oligoryzomys Longicaudatus ◽

Eleven Species

Small mammals present in areas where hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) cases had occurred in central and southern Chile were captured and analyzed to evaluate the abundance of rodents and seroprevalence rates of antibodies to Andes orthohantavirus (ANDV). Sampling areas ranged from the Coquimbo to Aysén regions (30–45° S approx.) regions. Ninety-two sites in peridomestic and countryside areas were evaluated in 19 years of sampling. An antibody against ANDV was detected by strip immunoassay in 58 of 1847 specimens captured using Sherman traps. Of the eleven species of rodents sampled, Abrothrix olivacea, Oligoryzomys longicaudatus and Abrothrix hirta were the most frequently trapped. O. longicaudatus had the highest seropositivity rate, and by logistic regression analysis, O. longicaudatus of at least 60 g had 80% or higher probability to be seropositive. Sex, age and wounds were significantly related to seropositivity only for O. longicaudatus. Across administrative regions, the highest seropositivity was found in the El Maule region (34.8–36.2° S), and the highest number of HCPS cases was registered in the Aysén region. Our results highlight the importance of long term and geographically extended studies, particularly for highly fluctuating pathogens and their reservoirs, to understand the implications of the dynamics and transmission of zoonotic diseases in human populations.

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Links between soil composition and podoconiosis occurrence and prevalence in Cameroon

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-7624 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Harriet Gislam ◽

Niall Burnside ◽

Matthew Brolly ◽

Kebede Deribe ◽

Gail Davey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

High Resolution ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Health Research ◽

Potassium Feldspar ◽

Data Set ◽

Prevalence Data ◽

Soil Variables ◽

Proximal Analysis

Introduction: Podoconiosis, a form of non-filarial elephantiasis, is a geochemical disease associated with individuals exposed to red clay soil from alkalic volcanic rock. It is estimated that globally 4 million people suffer from the disease, though the exact causal agent is unknown. This study is the first analysis in Cameroon to compare high resolution ground-sampled geochemical soil variables and remote sensing data in relation to podoconiosis prevalence and occurrence.Aim: To investigate the associations of soil mineralogical and element variables in relation to podoconiosis prevalence and occurrence in Cameroon.Methods: In this study, exploratory statistical and spatial data analysis were conducted on soil and spatial epidemiology data associated with podoconiosis. The studied soil data was comprised of 194 samples from an area of 65 by 45 km, containing 19 minerals and 55 elements. Initial proximal analysis included a spatial join between the prevalence data points and the closest ground-sampled soil variables. In addition, the soil variables were interpolated to create a continuous surface. At each prevalence data point, soil values from the interpolated surfaces were extracted. Correlation and logistic regression analysis were carried out on both the proximal analysis data set and the interpolated soil variables. The interpolated soil variables were also analysed using principal component analysis, to identify any patterns or clusters, regarding podoconiosis occurrence.Results: Bivariate analysis of the proximal and interpolated data set identified several statistically significant soil variables associated with podoconiosis. Correlation analysis identified several soil variables with a statistically significant positive Spearman rho value in relation to podoconiosis prevalence. Logistic regression analysis identified several statistically significant soil variables with odds ratio values greater than 1, with respect to the podoconiosis occurrence data. The significant variables included barium, beryllium, potassium, sodium, rubidium, strontium, thallium, potassium feldspar, mica and quartz. Barium, beryllium, potassium, sodium, quartz, mica and potassium feldspar have been previously identified in the literature in relation to podoconiosis occurrence. The PCA biplots showed no definite groupings of soil compositions with respect to podoconiosis occurrence. However, the envelope of the 95% confidence ellipse, representing prevalence data with at least one case of podoconiosis, does begin to separate as the soil variables suggested to be associated with podoconiosis occurrence increase and reach maximal values.Conclusion: The findings suggest that the key minerals and elements identified in this study may play a role in the pathogenesis of podoconiosis or could be disease covariates. These significant results have led to ongoing research within this project to examine the utilisation of medium and high-resolution hyperspectral methods to identify if podoconiosis-associated soil variables, such as quartz, are detectable remotely. Data can then be used to predict areas at risk using multivariate machine learning techniques theorising a link between prevalence, presence and combinations of multiple soil related variables.This study is supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Global Health Research Unit on NTDs at BSMS (16/136/29). The views expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.

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Job Satisfaction among the Nurses of Makueni District Hospital, Kenya

International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) ◽

10.11591/.v5i4.4850 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 450

Author(s):

Anthony Wambua Mathulu ◽

Benard Wambua Mbithi

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Nurse Managers ◽

District Hospital ◽

Working Environment ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Descriptive Survey

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the level of job satisfaction among the nurses of Makueni District Hospital. This was necessitated by the high nurse staff turnover from the facility and a myriad of complains from various departments. The study was a cross sectional descriptive survey involving about 50 nurses that was carried out between 15 and 19th July 2013. The study employed mixed method approach. Tests of significance were through use of Chi-square, Fishers exact test and logistic regression. The key results were that overall job satisfaction was low (36%). There were significant relationships between job satisfaction and cordial relationship with the nurse manager (c2 12.131 df 4 p=0.016<0.05. Logistic regression p=0.018<0.05). The plans to quit the hospital and work elsewhere indicates a relationship with job satisfaction (c2 12.749 df 4 p=0.013<0.05). The findings of this study suggest that there is no enabling working environment for the nurses and this could be a barrier to service delivery in the Hospital. These findings suggest that the Nurse Managers should build up effective relationship with the staff and other departments and should identify negative working conditions which affect staff and appropriately delegate authority to them.

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