Influence of Fusarium graminearum Infection on the Accumulation of Mycotoxins in Wheat Grains

Fusarium graminearum is a dangerous pathogen of the cereals producing mycotoxins (trichothecene and zearalenone) harmful for human and animal health. There were evaluated sixteen winter wheat varieties for their response in conditions of natural infection with F. graminearum in the epidemic year 2019, being well known that accumulation of mycotoxins (DON, ZON and T-2) is induced by different biotic and abiotic factors. Field plot was organized in Latin rectangle randomized with three replicates. For all evaluated wheat varieties were collected field data (incidence, severity and infection degree of the fungus F. graminearum) and laboratory data (mycotoxins concentration in grains) that have been processed using the software JASP (Version 0.14) for descriptive statistics, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Microsoft Excel 2019 was used to calculate Pearson’s correlation coefficients. The results showed negative corelation between plants’ density and F. graminearum attack frequency. Positive correlations were found between DON and T-2 and between DON and fungus attack intensity. This work highlights that during a F. graminearum epidemic year some of the most influential factors in the contamination with harmful mycotoxins (DON, ZON and T-2) are: plants density, frequency of the attack on ear, diseased ears and attack intensity on ears.

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Field resistance of crosses of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) to charcoal root rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi.) Goid.

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/2773-pps ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 42 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 66-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.A.S. El-Bramawy ◽

O.A. Abdul Wahid

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Field Resistance ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Seed Yields

Two segregating generations (F3 and F4) from 6 × 6 half-diallel crosses, excluding reciprocals, of a sesame breeding program were exposed to natural infection by the root rot pathogen (Macrophomina phaseolina) in two successive seasons (2004 and 2005). There was highly significant variability in the progeny of all investigated crosses which might be a valuable tool for further breeding programs for root rot disease management. The level of infection in 2004 ranged from 2.63% (cross P2 × P5) to 52.42% (P4 × P5) in the F3, and from 1.28% (P1 × P5) to 51.78% (P4 × P5) in the F4. During 2005, infection varied from 1.01% (P2 × P5) to 50.91% (P4 × P5) in the F3, and from 1.00% (P3 × P4) to 48.00% (P4 × P5) in the F4. These crosses were ranked resistant or highly susceptible and gave seed yields per feddan (= 4200 m) of 536.67, 361.67, 641.67, and 408.33, respectively. The F3’s and F4’s of five crosses, i.e. P1 × P2, P1 × P4, P1 × P5, P2 × P6, and P3 × P4, were resistant in both segregating generations and both seasons. Such crosses might be helpful for breeding programs due to their stable resistance. Lines from the crosses P1 × P6, P2 × P4 and P4 × P5 could also be used for improving resistance due to an increase of inherited resistance from one generation to another. The estimated heritability showed high values in all cases and indicated that selection for these traits could be useful for breeding programs for resistance to root rot with seed yield potential. Correlation coefficients showed that there were some positive correlations such as percentage of infection by M. phaseolina between both generations (F3’s and F4’s) as well as within each generation during a season’s evaluation, i.e. 0.742, 0.976, 0.846, 0.732, and 0.987. The highest significant and positive correlations assisted in the selection of some crosses to be used in breeding programs and will aid breeders to achieve sesame cultivars with charcoal root rot resistance.

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Organizational Factors as Predictors of Knowledge Management Practices in Federal University Libraries in Nigeria

Evidence Based Library and Information Practice ◽

10.18438/eblip28601 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 48-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cyprian Ifeanyi Ugwu

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Organizational Factors ◽

Management Tool ◽

Management Support ◽

University Libraries ◽

Internal Reliability ◽

Knowledge Management Practices ◽

Positive Correlations

Abstract Objective – University libraries in Nigeria are facing challenges arising from poor funding, increasing user demands, and a competitive information environment. Knowledge management has been accepted by information professionals as a viable management tool, but issues surrounding its application require empirical investigation. The aim of this study is to determine the organizational factors that are correlates and predictors of knowledge management practices in federal university libraries in Nigeria. Methods – The study was based on a correlational research design. Twenty heads of university libraries in Nigeria responded to a structured questionnaire developed by the researcher. The questionnaire was validated by experts and its internal reliability was 0.78 obtained through Cronbach’s alpha procedures. The data collected were analyzed using Mean, Standard Deviation, One-Way ANOVA, Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, and regression analysis. Results – The study found that management support and collaboration were the most significant predictors of knowledge management practices in federal university libraries in Nigeria. Even though human resources policy and rewards systems had positive correlations with knowledge management practices, their correlation coefficients were not significant. Conclusion – The success of knowledge management in university libraries in Nigeria depends on some contextual factors such as the support given by the management staff and the extent of collaboration among staff.

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Relationship Between Carcass Weight, Muscle, Fat, and Predicted Lean Yield for Commercial Pigs in Ontario

Meat and Muscle Biology ◽

10.22175/mmb.10791 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

R. S. Barducci ◽

Z. Zhou ◽

D. Tulpan ◽

B. M. Bohrer

Keyword(s):

Negative Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Strong Negative Correlation ◽

Statistical Software ◽

Carcass Parameters ◽

Scatter Plots ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Meaningful Relationships

ObjectivesGreater knowledge of variance and relationships of pork carcass parameters could be used to improve performance, efficiency, and profitability of the pork industry. Previous research has investigated the correlation between pork carcass parameters; however, there are still many misunderstandings, particularly in commercially representative pigs. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the correlation and variance of carcass weight, fat depth, muscle depth, and predicted lean yield in commercial pigs.Materials and MethodsThe second largest commercial pig slaughter facility in Ontario slaughtered approximately 1.5 million pigs in 2018. Carcass data (hot carcass weight, fat depth, muscle depth, and predicted lean yield) from 1025,572 pigs was used for this study with pigs slaughtered on each production day of 2018 (between January 2, 2018 and December 31, 2018). Hot carcass weight was reported immediately following slaughter as a head-on weight, and fat depth and muscle depth were measured with a Destron PG-100 probe (International Destron Technologies, Markham, Ontario). The equation used for predicted lean yield was the Canadian Lean Yield equation (CLY (%) = 68.1863– (0.7833 × fat depth) + (0.0689 × muscle depth) + (0.0080 × fat depth2) – (0.0002 × muscle depth2) + (0.0006 × fat depth × muscle depth). Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were calculated among all parameters using RStudio version 1.1.456 and R version 3.5.1 statistical software. Correlation coefficients were considered significantly different from 0 at P < 0.05. Correlations were considered weak (in absolute value) for r < 0.35, moderate for 0.36 ≤ r ≤ 0.67, and strong for r ≥ 0.68. Linear regression models were created between parameters that had meaningful relationships using the RStudio statistical software. Gnuplot version 5.2 was used to create scatter plots to allow for better visualization of the correlation between meaningful parameters.ResultsThe mean ± standard deviation for fat depth, muscle depth, hot carcass weight, and predicted lean yield were 18.27 ± 4.12 mm, 65.69 ± 9.06 mm, 105.93 ± 8.39 kg, and 61.03 ± 1.91%, respectively. We observed weak positive correlations between fat depth and hot carcass weight (r = 0.27; P < 0.0001), and between muscle depth and hot carcass weight (r = 0.17; P < 0.0001). We obtained a weak negative correlation between predicted lean yield and hot carcass weight (r = –0.21; P < 0.0001). The predicted lean yield equation used for this set of pigs included measurements for fat depth and muscle depth, so strong correlation between these parameters was expected. We obtained a moderate positive correlation between muscle depth and predicted lean yield (r = 0.39; P < 0.0001) and a strong negative correlation between fat depth and predicted lean yield (r = –0.96; P < 0.0001).ConclusionResults from this dataset revealed that hot carcass weight was generally not correlated with fat depth, muscle depth, or predicted lean yield. The conclusion of this study based on the current dataset is that pigs do not reach a weight threshold where they consistently become fatter or heavier muscled.

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Variance components and correlations of agronomic traits among cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) maturity groups

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1201055c ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 55-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Janko Cervenski ◽

Jelica Gvozdanovic-Varga ◽

Svetlana Glogovac

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Early Spring ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Plant Weight ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Head Weight ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Head Height ◽

Maturity Groups

In this paper we studied the variability and correlation of cabbage traits in different maturity groups. The study included early spring cabbages (planted in early spring, harvested in early summer) and autumn cabbages (planted in mid-summer, harvested in late autumn). Using coefficients of variation and correlation coefficients, we analyzed 17 cabbage traits in 35 commercially grown cultivars, F1 hybrids, and experimental F1 hybrids. The traits were analyzed separately for each maturity group. In the early cabbages, the coefficients of variation ranged from 4.8 to 44.2%. The calculated correlation coefficients differed between the two maturity groups. The early cabbages had 26 significant positive correlations. The positive correlations calculated among different traits of early cabbages defined this group fully and made it distinct from the late-maturing genotypes. Plant height and rosette diameter in the early genotypes were highly positively correlated with rosette weight, whole plant weight, head weight, usable portion of head, head height, and head diameter. Plant height and rosette diameter participate in the formation of active photosynthetic area in early cabbages. Rosette width in these genotypes provides a greater influx of light and heat, which results in greater head weight. Also, in early cabbages that have greater plant height, the leaf rosette will not lie on the cold surface of the ground in the spring. The activity of the cabbage plant is thus more focused towards the formation of larger head weight. Head volume in the late genotypes was highly positively correlated with rosette diameter, whole plant weight, head weight, usable portion of head, inner stem length, and head height. In late cabbages plant activity is directed towards the formation of head volume due to the longer duration of the growth period, larger leaves, and differences in climatic conditions.

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Serum biochemical properties of Vietnamese indigenous Noi chicken at 56 days old

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah2003329g ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 329-339

Author(s):

Nguyen Giang ◽

Nguyen Hien ◽

Huynh Loan ◽

Phan Phuc ◽

Nguyen Dai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Protein ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Animal Health ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Male And Female ◽

Native Breed ◽

Serum Biochemical ◽

The Relationship

Serum profile is generally considered as comprehensive data which directly reflected animal health and their potential resistance to environmental, nutritional and pathological stress. The present study aimed to provide physiological reference values for selected biochemical parameters in Noi chickens, a famous Vietnamese native breed, at 56 days old. The collected blood samples of 355 Noi birds (164 males and 191 females) were used to evaluate biochemical serum profile. Glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine, and uric acid in the serum were measured. The variation in these values arising from different sexes was also investigated. The results indicated that there were no differences (P>0.05) in the assessed indices between male and female Noi chickens. In overall for the whole group, these values were obtained as 250.86 mg/dL, 7.34 g/dL, 3.40 g/dL, 3.94 g/dL, 1.75, 148.54 mg/dL, 190.86 mg/dL, 0.44 mg/dL, and 1.44 mg/dL, respectively. The relationship among the biochemical parameters showed relatively low coefficients (r=0.79 in maximum). The females obtained higher correlation coefficients between levels of total protein and glucose (r=0.42) as well as between total protein and globulin (r=0.79), compared to the males. It was concluded that the male and female chickens performed similar values of serum indices. The contribution of this study might expand the knowledge on the biochemical profile and improved breeding strategies of Vietnamese indigenous Noi chickens.

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Temporal distribution of fruit-feeding butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) in the eastern extreme of the Amazon region

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/1809-4392201901261 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 12-23

Author(s):

Elias da Costa ARAUJO ◽

Lucas Pereira MARTINS ◽

Marcelo DUARTE ◽

Gisele Garcia AZEVEDO

Keyword(s):

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Temporal Structure ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Amazon Region ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Amazon Forest ◽

Dry Seasons ◽

Species Richness And Abundance

ABSTRACT Rainfall is one of the most influential factors driving insect seasonality in the Amazon region. However, few studies have analyzed the temporal dynamics of fruit-feeding butterflies in the Brazilian Amazon, specially in its eastern portion. Here, we evaluated the diversity patterns and temporal distribution of fruit-feeding butterflies in a remnant of eastern Amazon forest in the Baixada Maranhense, northeastern Brazil. Specifically, we tested whether fruit-feeding butterflies are temporally structured and whether rainfall influences species richness and abundance. Butterflies were collected with baited traps in both the rainy and dry seasons for two consecutive years. In total, we captured 493 butterflies belonging to 28 species, 15 genera and eight tribes. Three species comprised about half of the overall abundance, and Satyrinae was the most representative subfamily. The fruit-feeding butterfly assemblage showed a strong temporal structure during the second year of sampling, but not during the first year. Species composition and richness did not differ between rainy and dry seasons, and neither abundance nor richness was influenced by rainfall. Our results indicate that seasonality is not a strong environmental filter in this region, and that other biotic and abiotic factors are probably driving the community structure. The predominance of palms in the Baixada Maranhense, which are used as host plants by larvae of several lepidopteran species (specially satyrines) and are available year-round, might have contributed to the observed patterns of temporal diversity.

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An Investigation on Serum Mineral Levels of Healthy Norduz and Hair Goats Raised in Semi-Intensive Conditions

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v8i8.1795-1802.3520 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 1795-1802

Author(s):

Ayşe Özge Demir ◽

Ferda Karakuş ◽

Suna Akkol

Keyword(s):

Atomic Absorption ◽

Absorption Spectroscopy ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽

Age Groups ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Serum Minerals ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Mineral Levels ◽

Ppm Level

The aim of this study was to determine the some serum minerals and their interactions between in 2, 3 and 4 years-old healthy Norduz (n=45) and Hair (n=31) goats raised in semi-intensive conditions. Mineral levels were determined with Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) in ppm level. Results were calculated as Fe 1.578±0.088 and 1.379±0.095 mmol/L, Cu 1.300±0.067 and 1.303±0.080 mg/L, Zn 0.972±0.029 and 0.937±0.029 mg/L, K 4.574±0.091 and 2.102±0.074 mmol/L, Mg 2.089±0.057 and 4.670±0.098 mmol/L, Mn 2.163±0.152 and 2.215±0.198 mg/L, Pb 0.078±0.005 and 0.087±0.006 mg/L for Norduz and Hair goats, respectively. While the differences in the mineral levels of hair goats were not significant, significant differences has been found between the age groups in terms of K, F and Pb in Norduz goats. In addition, while there was no statistically significant difference between 3-year-old goats, statistically significant differences hs been found for Fe and 2-year-old goats K and Mg in 4-year-old goats. Moreover, with respect to correlation coefficients, positive correlations were obtained both between K-Mg at Norduz goats and between Fe-Cu, Fe-K, Fe-Mg, K-Mg at Hair goats in all years-old groups.

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Analysis of the infectious morbidity of humans, domestic animals and poultry in Russia for 2016-2019

RUDN Journal of Medicine ◽

10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-3-346-356 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 346-356

Author(s):

Lyudmila P. Bessonova

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Federal State ◽

State University ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Academy Of Sciences ◽

Further Development

Relevance . The article provides an analysis of the infectious mor-bidity in the Russian Federation of humans, domestic animals and birds for 2016-2019. The aim of the study is to compare the epizootological and epidemiological situation and to establish a correlation between individual types of zoonoses, anthro-ponoses and zoonoses with anthroponoses. Materials and Methods . The study was carried out by processing statistical data obtained from open sources of Rosstat and the Federal State University of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the IAC of the Department of Veterinary Supervision of Vladimir. Collected data were processed using Excel and STATISTICA-10 programs. Results and Discussion . A sample of infectious diseases (IB) was formed, which, during the specified period, infected peo-ple, pets, incl. cattle and small ruminants, pigs, horses and poultry. The average per-centage of patients with a specific type of infectious diseases was calculated, taking into account the differentiation by zoonoses, anthroponoses and the average percent-age of sick animals for all identified types of IB, which made it possible to establish IB, which are most common in each of the groups, and in general in all animals and birds. The assessment of the distribution of information security in differentiated groups has been carried out, distribution graphs have been constructed and formulas have been established by which it is possible to predict the dynamics of their further development. The STATISTICA-10 software was used to calculate the correlation coefficients ( r ) between zoonoses (XX), anthroponoses (YY), as well as zoonoses and anthroponoses (XY). Conclusion . Stably significant positive correlations were determined for zoonoses and anthroponoses. The data obtained prove the existence of a close connection of a person with the environment and his responsibility for the health of animals and birds, in order to prevent the risk of infectious diseases.

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Climate change impacts on the ecology of Fusarium graminearum species complex and susceptibility of wheat to Fusarium head blight: a review

World Mycotoxin Journal ◽

10.3920/wmj2016.2053 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 685-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

M. Vaughan ◽

D. Backhouse ◽

E.M. Del Ponte

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Fusarium Graminearum ◽

Species Complex ◽

Animal Health ◽

Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽

Host Susceptibility ◽

Head Blight ◽

Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex ◽

The Impact

Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, caused mainly by a few members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), is a major threat to agricultural grain production, food safety, and animal health. The severity of disease epidemics and accumulation of associated trichothecene mycotoxins in wheat kernels is strongly driven by meteorological factors. The potential impacts of change in climate are reviewed from the perspective of the FGSC life cycle and host resistance mechanisms influenced by abiotic pressures at the ecological, physiological and molecular level. Alterations in climate patterns and cropping systems may affect the distribution, composition and load of FGSC inoculum, but quantitative information is lacking regarding the differential responses among FGSC members. In general, the coincidence of wet and warm environment during flowering enhances the risk of FHB epidemics, but the magnitude and direction of the change in FHB and mycotoxin risk will be a consequence of a multitude of effects on key processes affecting inoculum dynamics and host susceptibility. Rates of residue decomposition, inoculum production and dispersal may be significantly altered by changes in crop rotations, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]), temperature and precipitation patterns, but the impact may be much greater for regions where inoculum is more limited, such as temperate climates. In regions of non-limiting inoculum, climate change effects will likely be greater on the pathogenic rather than on the saprophytic phase. Although the mechanisms by which abiotic stress influences wheat defences against Fusarium species are unknown, available data would suggest that wheat may be more susceptible to Fusarium infection under future climate conditions. Additional research in this area should be a priority so that breeding efforts and climate resilient management strategies can be developed.

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202 ANTRAL FOLLICULAR COUNTS AND SUPERSTIMULATORY RESPONSE IN PREPUBERTAL CALVES

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv29n1ab202 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 210

Author(s):

A. R. T. Krause ◽

F. C. F. Dias ◽

G. Adams ◽

R. Mapletoft ◽

W. F. Huanca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Science ◽

Animal Health ◽

Transrectal Ultrasound ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Ovarian Response ◽

Science And Engineering ◽

Follicular Wave ◽

Video Recordings ◽

Oocyte Collection ◽

Science Without Borders

The number of follicles recruited in successive waves are consistent in postpubertal cattle (Singh et al. 2004 Theriogenology 62, 227), but ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation is highly variable among animals. We tested the hypotheses that the number of follicles present at wave emergence are repeatable and are predictive of superstimulatory response in prepubertal calves; therefore, we expected that calves with higher antral follicular counts (AFC; follicles = 1mm) at wave emergence will result in a greater number of follicles available for oocyte collection after a conventional 4-day gonadotropin treatment. Hereford crossbreed calves (n = 52; 5.1 to 6.8 months of age) were ranked according to the number of follicles = 1 mm detected in transrectal ultrasound video recordings of both ovaries at the time of wave emergence (First AFC; range: 12 to 53 follicles). Calves in the bottom (Low AFC; <20 follicles; n = 6) and top (High AFC; >32 follicles; n = 5) quartiles were selected for ovarian superstimulation. Emergence of a new follicular wave (Day 0) was induced by transvaginal follicle ablation (14 to 57 days after first AFC; 5.7 to 7.1 months of age), AFC were performed again (Second AFC), and calves were given eight 12-hourly IM injections of 25 mg of pFSH (Folltropin-V®, Bioniche Animal Health Inc., Belleville, Canada) beginning on Day 0.5. All calves were given 12.5 mg of pLH (Lutropin-V®, Bioniche Animal Health Inc.) IM 12 h after the last FSH and number of follicles equal to 3, 3 to 5, 6 to 8, and equal to 6 and 9 were counted 24 h after LH treatment (at the time of oocyte collection). A t-test was used to compare the number of follicles and ovarian response (Low v. High AFC). Values of Pearson (0.8; P < 0.001) and Spearman (0.9; P < 0.001) correlation coefficients between First and Second AFC indicate strong repeatability of numbers of follicles present at the time of wave emergence. As expected, mean number of follicles were greater (P = 0.01) in the High- than Low-AFC group (24.2 ± 2.0 v. 15.7 ± 1.0) at the Second AFC. The High-AFC group had a greater number of follicles at oocyte collection than Low AFC for 6 to 8 mm (13.4 ± 2.1 v. 5.3 ± 1.7; P = 0.01), but not for 3 to 5 mm (9.4 ± 2.5 v. 5.3 ± 2.1; P = 0.2) or 9 mm (7.6 ± 2.9 v. 4.8 ± 2.0; P = 0.4) size categories. However, High AFC resulted in a greater total number of follicles 3 (30.4 ± 3.1 v. 15.5 ± 3.2; P = 0.009) and 6 mm (21.0 ± 4.1 v. 10.2 ± 2.9; P = 0.05). The number of 6-mm follicles at the end of superstimulation represented 80 and 60% of 1-mm follicles at wave emergence in the High- and Low-AFC groups (P = 0.3). In conclusion, the number of follicles at the beginning of a wave are predictive of follicles recruited into subsequent waves in 7-month-old calves, and higher AFC at wave emergence resulted in a greater number of 3- and 6-mm follicles available for oocyte collection. Research was supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC). Hormones provided by Vetoquinol Inc. ARTK funded by CNPq-Science Without Borders, Brazil.

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