scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INCOME DIFFERENTIALS BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN IN URBAN AND RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Zechariahs Benapugha Owutuamor ◽  
Inibehe George Ukpong
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
The State ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Income Differentials ◽  
Urban Men ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Average Proportion

This study was carried out across Bayelsa State on the comparative analysis of income differentials between men and women in rural and urban households, to examine the level of income earned by women relative to that of men in rural homes and in urban/semi-urban homes, as well as make a comparative analysis between both. Structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data, using a modified multistage random sampling procedure, from each of 160 rural and urban homes, giving a total of 320 respondents across the eight local government areas (LGAs) in the state. Descriptive statistics, in the form of ranges, averages, totals and percentages were used to analyze data. Findings revealed that women earn an average of N708,335.00 in rural homes and N932,612.87 in urban homes, while men on the average, earn N1,234,828.13 and N1,406,031.25 in rural and urban homes respectively. Conclusively, across homes in Bayelsa State, men generally, with an average proportion of about 62%, earn more than women with 38%; Similarly, across the state, men in rural homes earn an average of 63.5% compared to women who earn 36.5%; while in urban Bayelsa, the proportions are 60% and 40% for men and women respectively. Thus, indicating that rural women earn less than urban women in both value and proportion, while rural men earn lower income but higher proportion of the total household income than urban men.

scholarly journals Rural Women Who Undertake and Empower Themselves: Comparative Analysis in Communities in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Hector Manuel Villanueva Lendechy ◽  
Ivonne Tapia Villagómez
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Business Decision ◽  
The Relationship

This research presented a comparative analysis of 4 original and qualitative studies that were carried out in 2018 and 2019, in the Mexican companies Taselotzin, Artemali and in El PIRA Hermanos, located in the state of Puebal and a women´s venture in the community of Samaria in the state of Veracruz. In these investigations, the relationship between the variables was identified: social entrepreneurship and empowerment of rural women. The method used in the investigations was inductive and the techniques were documentary and panel interview in situ, the categories of analysis of the previous research: self-own business, decision making for the community, training, learning, culture ande sustainability. It was concluded that the 4 ventures are prone to training, which contributed to organizational learning and innovation, and in turn, to make the Company more competitive. In addition, Taselotzin opposed the construction of the High Voltage line in Cuetzalan, Artemali participated in health campaigns, moderately collects its raw material and takes care of the forest from the depredation of its resources. The PIRA Brothers regulate the activity of pyrotechnics at the state level to avoid accidents that become tatal and the farmers of Samaria pratice organic agricultura.

scholarly journals Prospects of Women Entrepreneurship in the Jute Industry of Assam: An Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bidyut Jyoti Kalita ◽  
Anjan Bhuyan
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship

Jute is an important fibre crop in Assam in terms its economic and social relevance. Assam is the third largest jute producing state in India after West-Bengal and Bihar. Large amount of jute cultivation takes place in the rural and riverine areas of Assam since British colonisation. Based on the availability of raw material and entrepreneurial supports initiated by the National Jute Board (NJB), women entrepreneurship in the jute industry have grown-up in the last two decades. Rural women primarily produce various decorative handicraft and handloom products which are getting wider acceptance in the regional and national markets. Growing environmental awareness and effort to replace polypropylene among environment conscious consumer has created opportunities for the entrepreneurs of the jute industry because of the inherent ecological attributes of this natural fibre. This paper is an attempt to analyse the contemporary scenario of women entrepreneurship in the jute industry of Assam. Production process, marketing practices as well as the constraints are also taken into consideration in the study. The paper is based on both primary data and secondary data. Primary data was collected from 120 women engaged in the process of jute crafts selected through snowball sampling procedure. It is found that, scarcity of time due to family and social responsibilities act as a major hindrance in the process of jute entrepreneurship. However, marketing practices are less troublesome then the production process. The study suggest for ensuring uninterrupted supply of fibre and other inputs to undertake production as a full economic activity among the women entrepreneur.

scholarly journals Concordância verbal e a variável “sexo” em três comunidades linguísticas do interior do Estado da Bahia ( Verb agreement and the variable “sex” in three linguistic communities in the state of Bahia)

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Jorge Augusto Alves da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Verb Agreement ◽  
Southwest Region ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Linguistic Structures ◽  
Linguistic Communities

Os papéis sociais representados por homens e mulheres se refletem sobre os usos linguísticos. Tais usos diferenciam-se, também, nas construções linguísticas como a “solidariedade”, concordância, entre o sujeito e o núcleo de predicado. Para fundamentar nosso estudo, fizemos uma análise comparativa entre grupos de falantes do sexo masculino e feminino de três comunidades linguísticas do português popular do Brasil, todas situadas no interior da Bahia, mais precisamente na Região Sudoeste do Estado. Os dados de nossa pesquisa nos levam a crer que os homens tendem a empregar formas inovadoras na comunidade de fala em maior frequência do que as mulheres por causa do seu maior contato e circulação nos espaços sociais.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Concordância. Variação linguística. Português popular.ABSTRACT The roles played by men and women reflect on the uses of linguistic structures. Those uses differ also in grammar structures such as “solidarity”, agreement, between the subject and predicate. In support of our study, we made a comparative analysis between groups of speakers male and female in three linguistic communities of popular Portuguese in Brazil, all located in Bahia, more precisely in the Southwest Region of the state. The data of our study lead us to believe that men tend to employ innovative forms of speech in the community more often than women, because of their greater contact with other social groups and movement in social spaces.KEYWORDS: Agreement. Linguistic variation. Portuguese popular.

Financial Inclusion in Ondo State, Nigeria: Determinants and Its Impact on Poverty

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-175
Author(s):  
Akinlo A. Enisan ◽  
Sharimakin Akinwumi
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
The People ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Main Determinants

The study examined the determinants of financial inclusion in Ondo State, Nigeria, and investigated its impact on poverty in the state. The study used a survey method to obtain primary data by administering questionnaires on 450 adult individuals aged 18 years and above in the 18 local government areas of Ondo State. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to identify the units of analysis individual. The results from logistic regression showed that the main determinants of financial inclusion in the state were age, genders, financial discipline, religion, income, location, trust, alternatives, ICT inclination, documentation, household size, tertiary education, married, civil servant, self-employed, distance2 and distance3. Asides, financial inclusion was found to have a significant effect on poverty in the state. The article recommends increased financial inclusion in Ondo state to enhance the welfare of the people.

The Principles of Zakat and Tax Upon the Time of Rasulullah SAW.

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Dian Septiandani ◽  
Abd. Shomad
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
General Expense

Zakat is one of principal worship requiring every individual (<em>mukallaf</em>) with considerable property to spend some of the wealth for zakat under several conditions applied within. On the other hand, tax is an obligation assigned to taxpayers and should be deposited into the state based on policies applied, with no direct return as reward, for financing the national general expense. In their development, both zakat and tax had quite attention from Islamic economic thought. Nevertheless, we, at first, wanted to identify the principles of zakat and tax at the time of Rasulullah SAW. Therefore, this study referred to normative research. The primary data was collected through library/document research and the secondary one was collected through literature review by inventorying and collecting textbooks and other documents related to the studied issue.

Notary’s Responsibility in Making of Deed Due to Land Acquisition Containing Criminal Corruption

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Yogi Maron ◽  
Ismansyah Ismansyah ◽  
Azmi Fendri
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
District Court ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Prison Sentence ◽  
Ethics Code

<p align="center"> </p><p><em>As happened to the Notary Eli SatriaPilo, S.H, Mkn, who was appointed as the Notary who made the Deed of Relinquishment of Land Rights in the Land Acquisition activities for the Construction of Campus III of the State Islamic Institute (IAIN) of Padang which was located in Sungai Bangek District, Padang</em><em> </em><em>in 2010. The method used was descriptive, in which describing the applicable legislation associated with legal theory in the facts and realities about the Notary’s Responsibility in Making Deed of Land Acquisition for the construction of Campus III of IAIN Padang in Sungai</em><em> </em><em>Bangek. This study used a Normative Juridical approach, in which researching by using and processing secondary data or literature related to the</em><em> </em><em>study. The data collected were in the form of primary data obtained from the District Court of Padang, secondary data obtained from secondary legal materials and primary legal materials. Based on the study, it was found that the role of Notary Eli</em><em> </em><em>Satria</em><em> </em><em>Pilo, in the land acquisition of campus III IAIN was proven to have misused the authority resulting in violation of the Notary Ethics Code and was responsible for accepting termination disrespectfully. Furthermore, he was also shown to be committing a Criminal Corruption made based on the Deed of Relinquishment of Land Rights in the land acquisition for the construction of Campus III of IAIN Padang, so that the State incurred losses of Rp. 1</em><em>.</em><em>946</em><em>.</em><em>701</em><em>.</em><em>050 (one billion nine hundred forty-six million seven hundred one thousand and fifty rupiahs). And he was responsible for receiving and carrying out the sentence that had been handed down by the District Court of Padang, a prison sentence of 4 (four) years, and paying a fine of Rp. 200</em><em>.</em><em>000</em><em>.</em><em>000 (two hundred million rupiahs)</em><em>.</em></p><p> </p>

Who’s holding up the sky? On Rymba, a novel by A. Bushkovsky

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
A. V. Zhuchkova
Keyword(s):  
Gender Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Flood Zone ◽  
The Social ◽  
Russian North ◽  
And Gender

The article deals with A. Bushkovsky’s novel Rymba that goes beyond the topics typical of Russian North prose. Rather than limiting himself to admiring nature and Russian character, the author portrays the northern Russian village of Rymba in the larger context of the country’s mentality, history, mythology, and gender politics. In the novel, myth clashes with reality, history with the present day, and an individual with the state. The critic draws a comparison between the novel and the traditions of village prose and Russian North prose. In particular, Bushkovsky’s Rymba is discussed alongside V. Rasputin’s Farewell to Matyora [ Proshchanie s Matyoroy ] and R. Senchin’s The Flood Zone [ Zona zatopleniya ]. The novel’s central question is: what keeps the Russian world afloat? Depicting the Christian faith as such a bulwark, Bushkovsky links atheism with the social and spiritual roles played by contemporary men and women. The critic argues, however, that the reliance on Christianity in the novel verges on an affectation. The book’s main symbol is a drowning hawk: it perishes despite people’s efforts to save it.

Pengaruh Persepsi Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Atas Sanksi Perpajakan Dan Kualitas Pelayanan Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Perpajakan

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-90
Author(s):  
Nancy Marchelly ◽  
Waluyo Waluyo
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
The State ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Dominant Source ◽  
State Expenditure ◽  
Convenience Sampling

Tax Revenue is one of the most important sources of revenue for making the state expenditure budget (APBN). As a revenue dominant source for APBN derived from tax sector. The main objective of this study is to analyze the effect of tax sanctions and tax service quality on individual tax compliance.   This study focus on individual entrepreneurs tax payer those registered at the Primary Tax Office Tigaraksa (KPP Pratama Tigaraksa) especially in Gading Serpong Tangerang. Samples were selected by convenience sampling method, the data used in this study is primary data.  The results show indicate (1) tax sanction has significantly affect to individual tax compliance, (2) tax service quality has significantly affect to individual tax compliance, (3) tax sanction and tax service quality have significantly affect to  individual tax compliance. Keywords: Tax penalty, tax service quality, individual tax compliance

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